CMOS光接收机主放大器设计

本文利用CMOS工艺设计一种用于SDH STM-4速率级（622Mbit／s）光纤用户网的光接收机放大电路。此电路由输入缓冲、输出缓冲、主放大单霉、偏置补偿电路四部分组成，通过直接耦合技术来提高增益，降低功耗，利用有源电感负载来提高系统带宽。采用商用SmartSpice电路仿真软件和CSMC-HJ 0．6μm工艺参数对该电路进行仿真。结果表明，该电路在5V工作电压下中频增益为81dB，3dB带宽为470MHz。     

一种避免串通电流产生的交叉耦合电荷泵设计

针对传统电荷泵的串通现象,提出了一种采用非交叠时钟控制的输入范围宽、输出纹波小、能有效避免串通现象产生的高压交叉耦合电荷泵,从而提高电压增益和效益;同时,设计出一种具有负反馈调节能力,可以跟随输入电压调节的移位电平产生电路,输出纹波约15mV,具有较高的抗干扰能力.基于0.35μm BCD(bipolar CMOS DMOS)工艺进行电路设计,Spectre仿真结果表明:该电路的工作电压范围为4~24V,可驱动1mA的负载电流,最大升压效率高达99.89%,并且电压增益可以调节.     

一种宽频带大摆幅的三级CMOS功率放大器

设计了一种用于耳机驱动的CMOS功率放大器,该放大器采用0.35μm双层多晶硅工艺实现,驱动32Ω的电阻负载.该设计采用三级放大两级密勒补偿的电路结构,通过提高增益带宽来提高音频放大器的性能.仿真结果表明,该电路的开环直流增益为70dB,相位裕度达到86.6°,单位增益带宽为100MHz.输出级采用推挽式AB类结构,能有效地提高输出电压的摆幅,从而得到电路在低电源电压下的高驱动能力.结果表明,在3.3V电源电压下,电压输出摆幅为2.7V.     

一种高性能全差分运算放大器的设计

设计了一种具有高增益、大带宽的全差分折叠式共源共栅增益自举运算放大电路,适用于高速高精度流水线模数转换器余量增益电路(MDAC)的应用,增益自举运算放大器的主放大器和子放大器均采用折叠式共源共栅差分结构,并且主放大器采用开关电容共模反馈来稳定输出电压,该放大器工作在5.0V电源电压下,单端负载为2pF,采用华润上华(CSMC)0.5μm 5VCMOS工艺对电路进行仿真测试,结果显示该运放的直流增益可达到126.3dB,单位增益带宽为316MHz。精度为0.01%时的建立时间为4.3ns。     

基于BiCMOS的高精度LDO线性稳压电路

设计了一种基于0.8μm,双阱BiCMOS高压工艺的高精度LDO线性稳压电路.电路采用四管单元带隙基准作温度补偿,多级误差放大反馈结构稳定输出电压,其中直接将带隙基准电路作为误差放大电路的一部分,从而在不增加电路复杂性的基础上,使整个误差放大电路经过多级放大,增益得到大幅提高.Hspice仿真结果表明:电路在较宽的频率范围内,电源抑制比约为85 dB;在温度由-20~80℃变化时,其温度系数约为±35×10-6/℃;电源电压在4.5~28 V之间变化时,最坏情况下其线性调整率为0.031 mV/V;负载电流由0 mA到满载2 mA变化时,其负载调整率仅为0.01 mV/mA.     

应用于OFDM超宽带系统中的0.18 μm Gm-C滤波器和可变增益放大器的设计

设计了一种应用于OFDM UWB系统中的完全采用CMOS工艺的滤波器和VGA.滤波器采用5阶Chebyshev近似、G-mC biquad结构,转折频率为264 MHz,OTA采用伪差分结构以提高滤波器的线性度;VGA采用跨导增强型源级负反馈结构来控制增益,并加入源级负反馈电容进行高频补偿以拓展带宽.采用DC OffsetCorrection电路降低直流失调,并通过数字控制电容阵列(DCCA)来实现滤波器的转折频率的调谐.电路采用0.18μm CMOS工艺,1.8 V电源电压.电路的仿真结果表明滤波器和VGA系统的增益为6~48 dB,可变增益为42 dB,6 dB/step,在输入电压峰峰值为100 mV时THD小于-54 dBc,线性度为-6.35 dBV,噪声系数在通带内小于25 dB,消耗电流为30 mA.     

高效降压三增益式开关电容DC/DC变换器的设计

设计了一种高效率降压三增益式DC/DC变换器,其输出电压可选择为1.5V、1.8V和2.0V,该电路采用了转换电容阵列技术,具有多增益和功耗低等特点.HSPICE仿真结果显示,其转换效率高于78%,转换误差在10mV之内,稳定性高,最大负载电流可达240mA.该电路可广泛应用于移动电子设备的电源电路中.     

一种用于宽带系统的可重构模拟基带电路

介绍了一种应用于宽带系统中的可重构模拟基带电路.该电路采用全CMOS工艺,由低通滤波器和可变增益放大器2个模块构成.低通滤波器可通过模拟控制电压调谐转折频率,调谐范围130~430 MHz,不仅兼容了WiMedia与中国标准,而且适用于更高频率的模拟基带信号处理;跨导放大器采用适用于低电压和高频率的Nauta结构,讨论了该跨导结构的共模稳定电路的设计参数对滤波器频率准确性的影响.整个模拟基带链路可以通过数字控制调节增益,其可变增益范围0~44 dB,增益步长1 dB,适用于不同的传输距离.为了避免高链路增益情况下失调的影响,加入了直流失调校正电路,并讨论了直流失调校正电路对主电路增益准确性的影响以及优化设计.设计采用0.18μm CMOS工艺,1.8 V电源电压.在实现可重构功能的同时,仍然拥有零增益时12.5 dBm的IIP3,在同领域处于领先水平.     

零中频接收机的直流偏移消除和自动增益校准

为了精确消除零中频接收机中的直流偏移并快速响应射频接收机增益调整时引入的输入直流偏移变化,提出了一种混合型直流偏移消除电路.该电路结合了模拟型和数字型直流偏移消除技术的优势,在降低输出直流偏移的同时缩短了响应时间.模拟型直流偏移消除电路用于实时地自动消除各级输入的直流偏移,数字型直流偏移消除电路通过自动校准进一步减小接收机的最终输出直流偏移.同时提出了一种接收机增益自动校准电路,能够自动校准零中频接收机I/Q通路的增益失配.采用65 nm CMOS工艺实现了集成直流偏移消除的可编程增益放大器和增益自动校准电路.芯片测试结果表明,放大器最大输出直流偏移为2 mV,增益调整具有严格单调性,自动校准后的输出I/Q增益失配小于0.1 dB.该电路具有响应快、仅需开机自动校准和无需数字基带电路参与等优点,完全满足IEEE 802.11ax-2021等宽带通信接收机的系统要求.     

一种新型电流镜运算跨导放大器的设计

针对传统低压微功耗电流镜运算跨导放大器存在低增益和小摆率的缺陷,设计了一款新型电流镜运算跨导放大器。在不影响电路的静态功耗和稳定性的基础上,该运算跨导放大器采用增益提高(gain-boosting, GB)结构,增大了电路的小信号增益;引入开关型摆率增强(switched slew-rate enhancement, SSRE)结构,提高了电路的大信号摆率。基于UMC 0.11μm标准CMOS工艺进行电路设计和仿真。仿真结果表明：在1.2 V电源电压和10 pF负载电容下,与传统电流镜运算跨导放大器相比,设计的新型电流镜运算跨导放大器的增益提高了47 dB,正摆率提高了11.2倍,负摆率提高了12.4倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.