三维对流扩散方程的高精度紧致差分格式

以一维定常对流扩散方程的高精度差分格式为基础,构造了三维非定常对流扩散方程的高精度紧致差分格式.该格式为两层格式,时间具有二阶精度,空间具有四阶精度.具体算例说明了上述格式的精确性和可靠性.     

时间分数阶对流-扩散方程的有限差分法

时间分数阶对流-扩散方程可以用来模拟由传统的对流-扩散方程演变而来的反常扩散方程.本文针对一类时间分数阶对流-扩散方程提出了一个新的隐式差分格式,时间分数阶导数采用直接离散,空间导数采用中心差分格式离散,讨论了差分解的存在唯一性,并利用能量范数证明了该格式的无条件稳定性、收敛性,分析了收敛阶.数值试验验证了该格式的有效性.     

构造对流扩散方程高精度非均匀网格格式的指数变换方法

提出了一种基于非均匀差分网格,构造求解对流扩散方程的高精度格式的指数变换方法.引入指数函数,将对流扩散方程变换为扩散反应方程,消除了数值求解中较难处理的对流项.采用优化差分方法推导出扩散反应方程基于非均匀网格的高精度差分格式,进而通过逆变换得到对流扩散方程的高精度格式.理论分析表明,该方法具有3至4阶精度,当计算区域为均匀网格时取得4阶精度.数值实例表明,在相同的非均匀网格系统中,此方法的计算精度明显优于传统的隐式差分方法.在水环境的实际模拟计算中,根据物理量的变化规律灵活地调整非均匀网格的间距,不仅能增强高精度差分方法的实用性,而且可以取得比均匀网格方法更为精确的计算结果.     

求解对流扩散反应方程的一种高精度紧致差分方法

首先,针对一维对流扩散反应方程,借助截断误差余项修正的方法,将中心差分格式余项中未知函数的三阶和四阶导数项利用一阶导数的表达式来代替,从而提出一种新的紧致差分格式,具有四阶精度.然后,为了简化计算,对格式常系数形式的耗散误差和色散误差进行分析,证实该格式的低耗散性.接着,将该方法推广到二维,运用降维的思想转化成2个一维形式的定常对流扩散反应方程,并用求解一维方程的方法,离散后相加即得二维对流扩散反应方程的紧致差分格式.最后,通过数值实验验证本文格式的精确性和可靠性.     

求解一维对流扩散方程的高精度紧致差分格式

对空间变量四阶紧致格式进行离散,时间变量保持不变,把一维对流扩散方程转化为常微分方程组的初值问题,再利用梯形方法构造对流扩散方程的时间二阶空间四阶精度的一种差分格式,并稳定性进行分析,数值结果与Crank-Nicholson格式进行比较,数值结果表明,该方法可以很好地解决对流扩散方程的数值计算     

对流扩散反应方程基于坐标变换的高阶紧致差分格式

基于非均匀网格,提出了一种求解一维定常对流扩散反应方程的高精度紧致差分格式。首先采用坐标变换方法将原方程由物理空间的非均匀网格转换为计算空间的均匀网格,然后给出一阶导数和二阶导数在均匀网格上的中心差分逼近式,并结合变换后的方程,得到了定常对流扩散反应方程具有四阶精度的紧致差分格式。最后,通过数值算例验证了该方法的精确性和高分辨率的特点。数值实验结果表明,对于所研究问题,该方法较不进行坐标变换而直接在物理域上建立的非均匀网格上的高阶紧致格式具有更高精度。     

高阶半离散中心迎风方法的研究与应用

结合四阶Central Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory格式、三阶Central-Upwind格式构造了一种新的四阶半离散中心迎风差分方法求解双曲守恒律、浅水波方程及有关问题.而且由于数值粘性与时间步长无关,从而在涉及到对流扩散方程的求解时时间步长可根据稳定性需要尽可能的小.     

对流扩散方程的数值流形格式及其稳定性分析

将流形方法应用于对流扩散方程的数值求解,建立了基于标准Galerkin加权余量法的定常无源对流扩散方程的数值流形格式,采用一维定常无源对流扩散方程证明了物理覆盖的覆盖函数取完全一阶多项式的标准流形格式具有绝对的数值稳定性,并通过与一维对流扩散方程有限元解、精确解的对比,对该数值流形格式的稳定性进行了验证.同时,将基于四节点矩形有限单元覆盖系统的数值流形格式应用于二维平行管道中定常热对流扩散问题的数值分析.结果表明:在小的单元Pe(Pe<2)时,流形解的精度较有限元方法显著提高;在较大单元Pe条件下,一阶多项式覆盖函数的标准流形格式虽然绝对稳定,但假扩散作用显著,得到的数值解与真实结果存在较大的偏差.     

一种求解对流扩散反应方程的高阶紧致差分格式

提出一种消除对流扩散反应方程中对流项的处理技巧,结合中心差分格式的新方法与相同节点的迎风差分格式相比具有更好的精度,该方法很容易与Padé格式相结合,构造出具有四阶精度的无条件稳定的高阶差分格式.数值实验表明,新方法具有很好的精度和健壮性,并且可以有效求解对流占优问题.     

分数阶对流——弥散方程的数值求解

对严格的时间分数阶对流--弥散方程和严格的空间分数阶对流--弥散方程分别建立了差分格式,并用所建立的两个差分格式对同一理想算例进行了求解.通过对分数阶导数取不同的参数值,得到一系列结果,分析了不同分数阶导数描述的反常扩散现象及其变化规律,并和传统的整数阶对流--弥散方程的求解结果进行了对比.当时间分数阶对流--弥散方程和空间分数阶对流--弥散方程的分数阶导数的参数分别取整数值时,时间分数阶对流--弥散方程、空间分数阶对流--弥散方程和传统整数阶对流--弥散方程的计算结果相同,表明本文提出的对时间分数阶对流--弥散方程和空间对流--弥散方程数值求解方法是可行的,且整数阶对流--弥散方程是分数阶对流--弥散方程的特殊情况.和正常扩散相比,时间分数阶对流--弥散方程中分数阶导数的参数值越小,溶质扩散得越慢,表现为拖尾分布:空间分数阶对流--弥散方程中分数阶导数的参数值越小,溶质扩散得越快,表明空间的非局域性相关性越强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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