1-溴-2,3,6-三-O-乙酰基-4-氯-α-D-半乳糖的合成

以蔗糖为起始原料,经缩水、水解反应制得4-氯-α-D-半乳糖,然后通过乙酰化、溴化反应,制得1-溴-2,3,6-三-O-乙酰基-4-氯-α-D-半乳糖,总收率可达74.0%.本合成方法操作简单、条件温和,收率较高,适合大量制备.     

1-氧-正十八烷基-2-氧-甲基-sn-甘油合成工艺改进

以二异丙叉D-甘露醇为手性源，经高碘酸钠氧化断键后再经硼氢化钠还原制得S（D）1，2氧，异亚丙基，sn-甘油，再经过4甲氧基苄基（PMB）保护，脱去丙叉，经二叔丁基氧锡选择性正十八烷基化，2位甲基化，最后脱去PMB保护，制备目标化合物1氧-正十八烷基-2-氧甲基sn-甘油，以1，2；5，6-二丙叉-甘露醇计，七步反应后总收率达55％。     

碘催化合成1,2∶5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料,碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇,考察了影响反应的因素,结果表明反应的最佳条件为:n(D-甘露醇)∶n(丙酮)∶n(碘)=1∶25∶0.002,反应温度为30℃～35℃,反应时间12h,产率可达79.4%。     

熊果酸的4-氯半乳糖衍生物的合成

以a-D-三乙酰基-1-溴-4-氯半乳糖为原料,经Koenigs-Knorr反应、酯化反应,得到3-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4'-氯半乳糖熊果酸乙酯(UA2)、3-羟基-28-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4"-氯半乳糖熊果酸酯(UA5)和3-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4'-氯半乳糖熊果酸-28-O-β-D-三乙酰基-4"-氯半乳糖酯(UA8);研究了熊果酸衍生物脱乙酰基的条件,实验表明.在稀盐酸条件下得到4-氯半乳糖的2位保留乙酰摹的产物,在固体氢氧化钠条件下得到全脱乙酰基的产物;共合成了9个熊果酸的4-氯半乳糖衍生物,所有目标化合物均为新化合物,其结构经NMR得以确认.     

1H-3-正丙基-5-吡唑羧酸乙酯的合成

2-戊酮和草酸二乙酯在醇钠溶液中发生 Claisen酯缩合反应 ,制得的δ-庚酮酸乙酯 -β-烯醇钠盐收率为 69.2 % ,该钠盐与水合肼及硫酸肼反应制得 1 H- 3-正丙基 - 5 -吡唑羧酸乙酯 ,粗产品收率为 1 0 0 % .通过正交实验及单因素实验研究了反应的较佳合成工艺条件 ,用红外光谱对产品进行了结构鉴定 .     

异黄酮7-O-葡萄糖苷的全合成研究

通过Hoesch反应和Friedel-Craft反应分别合成了金雀花异黄素和芒柄花素两种异黄酮化合物，同时采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂，研究了该类化合物与1-溴-2，3，4，6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖缩合制备7-O-糖苷的合成工艺，其合成收率分别为43％和51％．     

奥拉帕尼的合成工艺改进

对奥拉帕尼的合成工艺进行改进,采用邻羧基苯甲醛与亚磷酸二甲酯反应得到磷叶立德,然后,与2-氟-5-甲酰基苯腈进行Wittig-Horner反应、水解和环合反应制得关键中间体化合物6.化合物6制成酰氯后与4-环丙基羰基哌嗪反应制得奥拉帕尼,产物结构经高分辨质谱,核磁共振氢谱和碳谱等确证.对磷叶立德的制备、Wittig-Horner反应和酰化反应等进行了工艺优化.结果表明:5步反应总收率为38.9%(以邻羧基苯甲醛计),比文献报道略高;改进后的工艺降低反应成本,缩短反应时间,简化操作.     

2-芳基-5-（2’，3’，4’，6’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）亚胺基1，3，4-噻二唑化合物的合成及其生物活性

将2，3，4，6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基异硫氰酸酯分别与水合肼和芳醛发生反应，得到了希夫碱-芳香醛缩N-氨基-N’-(2，3，4，6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)硫脲，在K3[Fe(CN)6]和NaOH存在下于醇液中环化制得2-芳基-5-(2’，3’，4’，6’-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)亚胺基-1，3，4-噻二唑化合物。利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对目标化合物进行了结构表征。生物活性初步测试结果表明，目标化合物对黄瓜赤霉、棉花立枯、玉米大斑、苹果黑斑、花生褐斑和小麦赤霉菌6种植树原菌的繁殖均有不同程度的抑制作用。     

糖苷合成研究(ⅩⅨ)1-乙氧甲基-5-氟脲嘧啶糖苷的合成

在相转移条件下，使2，3，4，6-四-O-乙酰基-1-溴-1-脱氧-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1A）、2，3，4-三-O-乙酰基-1-溴-1-脱氧-α-D-吡喃木糖（1B）、2，3，4-三-O-乙酰基-1-溴-1-脱氧-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯（1C）与1-乙氧甲基-5-氟脲嘧啶2反应，合成了3个新的1-乙氧甲基-5-氟脲嘧啶糖苷3（A—C）．3（A—C）经氨解脱乙酰基，得3个新的化合物4（A’-C’），其结构经IR、^1HNMR及元素分析证实．     

2-芳基-5-(2'',3'',4'',6''-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)亚胺基1,3,4-噻二唑化合物的合成及其生物活性

将2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基异硫氰酸酯分别与水合肼和芳醛发生反应,得到了希夫碱芳香醛缩N-氨基-N'-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)硫脲,在K3[Fe(CN)6]和NaOH存在下于醇液中环化制得2-芳基-5-(2',3',4',6'-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)亚胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑化合物.利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对目标化合物进行了结构表征.生物活性初步测试结果表明,目标化合物对黄瓜赤霉、棉花立枯、玉米大斑、苹果黑斑、花生褐斑和小麦赤霉菌6种植树原菌的繁殖均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with