催化剂对螺旋形碳晶须生长的影响

以Ni粉为催化剂，用化学气相沉积(CVD)法，在高温下催化热解乙炔(C2H2)，制备出了螺旋形碳晶须材料。实验结果表明，Ni粉的颗粒尺寸及表面形貌对螺旋形碳晶须的形貌、直径、螺距有较大的影响。用直径为几十微米，表面为熔融状的小颗粒Ni粉作催化剂，制备的碳晶须呈绞绳状的较多，螺旋直径为130—180nm，螺距为100—350nm；用直径为几百纳米、表面为毛刺状的Ni粉作催化剂，则制备的碳晶须呈管状的较多，其螺旋直径为280—310nm，螺距为150—180nm。     

等离子体MOCVD法制备纳米Al2O3粉末及其表征

讨论等离子体有机金属化学气相沉积(MOCVD)法制备纳米Al2O3粉末,同时研究了反应温度、压力、TMA浓度和反应气体(CO2和O2)等制备条件对Al2O3结构性能的影响.试验结果表明,压力增加有利于纳米Al2O3制备.在压力为5.3 kPa、温度为1 000 ℃下,采用MOCVD法可以制备平均直径为2.5 nm的Al2O3粉末.而压力从5.3 kPa增加到100 kPa 时,Al2O3颗粒平均直径从2.5 nm增加到10 nm.温度升高可以促使纳米Al2O3合成.通过透射电镜(TEM)观测到Al2O3粉末为球形.X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,在温度高于400 ℃时,Al2O3粉末为典型的γ-Al2O3结晶态.     

螺旋形纳米碳晶须的结构及力学性能

用透射电镜(TEM)观察螺旋形碳晶须的微观形貌,并作选区电子衍射,分析其结构,可知螺旋形碳晶须的结构为六方晶体．由衍射图的圆弧可知,晶体为有结构的石墨多晶．将衍射图与形貌图对应起来,可知C轴与螺旋轴大致平行．将碳晶须放在压片机上加压,碳晶须在30MPa压强下受压15min后,无被损害之现象．     

化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管及场发射性质的研究

讨论了化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的方法及过程,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)发现制备的碳纳米管的外直径在30-100nm之间;在10-5Pa高真空的条件下测定了碳纳米管薄膜的场发射性质,并比较了样品的老炼过程对场发射性质的影响.     

高品质四针状氧化锌晶须的结构及生长机理

用锌粉氧化的方法,通过控制反应器内的气相过饱和度,合成出纯度高、晶体结构完整、尺度可控的四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnO晶须).制备的T-ZnO晶须为长尾晶须,针长为5～30m,针体的根部尺寸为1～2m,尾部约100 nm.晶须的生长机理为气-固(VS)机理.控制反应器内的反应气相过饱和度是制备高品质T-ZnO晶须的关键因素.     

室温条件下纳米硫酸钙晶须的大规模制备

文章采用常温酸化法,以氯化钙和浓硫酸为原料,乙醇-水为混合溶剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为晶型控制剂,室温条件下大规模制备了纳米硫酸钙晶须。用X-射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(field emission scanning electron microscopy,FESEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(high resolution transmission electron microscopy,HRTEM)等对所制备的样品进行表征。实验结果表明:反应温度、氯化钙初始浓度、醇水比(体积比)及反应时间等合成条件的变化对CaSO_4·2H_2O晶须的形貌和尺寸有重要的影响;所确定的优化合成工艺为:反应温度25℃、氯化钙初始浓度0.045mol/L、醇水比2∶1、反应时间30min;在该优化条件下所制备的硫酸钙晶须尺寸均匀、直径约为200nm、长径比约为30。     

在铝诱导下非晶硅薄膜低温快速晶化研究

在镀铝 (0 .5～ 4μm)的玻璃基底上用射频辉光放电化学气相沉积法沉积 1～ 4μm厚的α- Si薄膜 (基底沉积温度为 30 0℃ ,沉积速率为 1 .0μm/h) ,然后样品在共熔温度下、 N2 气保护中热退火 ,可使其快速晶化成多晶硅薄膜 .结果表明 :在铝薄膜的诱导下 α- Si薄膜在温度 550℃附近退火 5min即可达到晶化 ,X-射线衍射分析显示样品退火 30 min形成的硅层基本全部晶化 ,且具有良好的晶化质量 .     

化学浴沉积法制备纳米氧化亚铜薄膜

用改进后的化学浴沉积法制备了纳米Cu2O薄膜，并对成膜条件及膜的性能进行了研究．结果表明：化学浴沉积法改进后有利于制备高质量的纳米Cu2O薄膜；最佳反应温度为60～70C，此温度范围内Cu2O薄膜的膜厚随着循环次数线性增加．制备的薄膜纯度较高．表面较平整和致密，Cu2O粒径为14～22nm，其禁带宽度为2．01eV．     

a-Si:H薄膜固相晶化法制备大晶粒多晶硅薄膜

用等离子体化学气相沉积（PCVD）法制备：a－Si：N薄膜材料（衬底温度20O℃～350℃），用固相晶化法（SPC）获得多晶硅薄膜（退火温度500℃～650℃）,用X射线衍射法测得平均晶粒尺寸依赖于退火温度和沉积条件，随着沉积温度的降低需要较高的退火温度,用SEM观测形貌测得平均晶粒大小为1,0～1,5μm     

脱色磷石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的研究

以脱色磷石膏(白石膏,CSD)为原料,通过溶剂热法成功的制备了半水硫酸钙(CSH)晶须。用X-射线粉末衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜对样品进行表征,结果表明:样品是长100~300μm,直径1~1.5μm的半水硫酸钙晶须,水/乙二醇体积比是影响硫酸钙晶须物相和长径比的重要因素。合成温度为120℃、水/乙二醇体积比为1∶1时所得样品为最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to