长大坡道高速列车制动闸片磨耗规律分析

高原铁路具有桥隧比高、长大坡道多、高寒高海拔、自然地理环境极其复杂等特点，高速列车长时间在上述复杂环境中运行时，其制动闸片损耗较在平原地区更为严重，但是目前国内尚无先例研究长大坡道环境下在役期间高速列车制动闸片的磨耗情况，导致长大坡道高速列车制动闸片状态监测技术缺乏相应理论支撑.首先通过自适应参数灰度映射方法及结构分解算法融合红外图像和可见光图像的优点，建立了制动闸片图像识别模型.然后以长大坡道和传统坡道为例，对高温环境和低温环境下高速列车制动闸片进行图像采集及磨耗量计算分析.结果显示：在同一环境温度下，高速列车制动闸片在长大坡道与传统坡道下的磨耗量差值随着走行里程的增加而增加；在同一坡道线路下，高速列车制动闸片在高温环境与低温环境下的磨耗量差值随着走行里程的增加基本无变化；高速列车制动闸片磨耗速度受坡道线路的影响比受环境温度的影响更大.研究成果可为研究高原铁路高速列车制动闸片状态监测提供理论支撑.     

高速列车牵引传动系统运行状态监测技术综述

高速列车牵引传动系统是典型的机电耦合闭环系统,牵引变压器、牵引变流器、牵引电机等关键部件之间密切关联,存在复杂的能量与信息变换、传递。牵引传动系统运行状态监测是保障高速列车安全运行的关键核心技术。受复杂服役工况、多物理场耦合作用、强环境干扰等不确定因素影响,闭环结构下的牵引传动系统运行状态监测存在性能退化/失效机理复杂、数据样本不充分等挑战性难题,已成为制约高速列车智能化发展的技术瓶颈。本研究针对高速列车牵引传动系统运行状态建模、异常状态监测、性能退化趋势分析及剩余寿命预测等相关方法进行了调研,分析了牵引传动系统运行状态监测技术现状和尚待解决的问题。     

极小样本下高速列车轴承的可靠性评估

针对高速列车轴承在极小样本零失效情况下的可靠性试验评估问题,采用Bayes数据统计理论将先验信息与试验信息进行融合,建立累积失效概率数学模型,根据最小二乘法求解出二参数威布尔分布中的待定参数,得出高速列车轴承可靠性数学模型.研究结果为评估高速列车轴承的可靠性和运行安全性提供了一定的理论依据.     

高速列车智能诊断与故障预测技术研究

综合运用列车运维产生的实时数据和历史数据,提取智能诊断模型,对车载设备运行状态进行监控和预测,是建立高速列车智能诊断和故障预测系统的思路和方法.以转向架关键轴承的可靠性监测和故障预警作为案例,系统阐述了该方法在轨道交通装备故障预测方面的应用.通过对比轴承监测系统记录的原始数据和诊断模型的预测结果,验证了该研究对于提高高速列车运行安全的重要意义和有效性.高速列车运维的长期实践表明,整体框架和建模方法对于现阶段建立系统的、分层次的高速列车智能诊断和故障预测系统具有现实的指导意义,在提高列车检修效率方面起到重要作用.     

快速列车盘型制动热过程有限元分析

制动热过程分析对于列车制动盘的结构设计及寿命评估具有重要意义。该文对160km.h-1快速列车制动盘温度场进行了数值计算,重点讨论了制动加载方式、制动工况和环境温度对制动盘瞬态温度场的影响。将闸片与制动盘的摩擦生热等效为瞬时移动面热源,建立了循环对称制动盘有限元分析模型,进而采用MSC.Marc有限元软件分析了制动盘瞬时温度场的三维分布特征及制动盘工作面的热循环历程。结果表明:由于接触区的温度不均匀性,采用均布制动载荷方式不利于闸片的均匀磨损;混合制动模式下对制动盘产生瞬时尖峰热冲击;制动盘内的瞬时温度梯度及温度变化速率具有基于环境温差的整体平移特性。     

新型闸片结构关键部件应力及寿命分析

制动系统为CRH动车组列车中最为关键的系统之一,而目前国内高铁上安装的闸片大多数采用进口形式,成本较高.本文在保证互换性与实用性的基础上,设计出新型闸片结构.以该种新型闸片结构为例,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件在最恶劣情况下进行仿真分析,得到关键连接部件的Mises应力,通过等寿命疲劳转换,得到该闸片关键部件的疲劳寿命.结果表明:该新型闸片结构满足相关标准规定的强度与疲劳寿命要求,故可做进一步装车试验,推进闸片国产化进程.     

基于TCN的网络化旅客列车轮对状态在线监测系统

旅客列车是一个复杂的大动态系统,轮对是旅客列车机械故障的多发部位,为及时有效地防范和预警列车轮对故障,在分析我国旅客列车基本结构、安全装备情况的基础上,以列车轮对状态在线监测为基础,设计了基于TCN的网络化旅客列车轮对状态在线监测系统,并给出其具体实现方案.系统由列车在线状态监测与故障诊断主机、车辆级状态监测分机和各车载设备监测模块组成.每节车辆由车辆级状态监测分机通过MVB将车辆内部各状态监测模块联结成为监测网络,利用WTB将全列车的车辆级状态监测分机连为一体,构成一个完整的、基于TCN标准架构的列车状态监测与故障诊断系统.为开展列车上其他机械部分、电气部分等的故障诊断构建了一个TCN标准的网络平台.图6,参15.     

高速列车透射噪声与结构噪声的分离

高速列车噪声是影响车内旅客舒适度和铁路沿线居民生活质量的重要因素,如何有效的降低噪声是高速列车设计者们所关心的问题之一.研究表明,高速列车的车内噪声由透射噪声与结构噪声组成,如何有效的从车内噪声中分离出这两种噪声成分将为列车的减振降噪设计提供一定的指导作用.本文以高速列车实车噪声数据为研究对象,首先运用多种数字信号处理的方法对高速列车噪声数据进行了分析,总结了高速列车噪声的主要特点;然后通过对列车静止时和运行时的噪声透射情形分别进行建模和分析,指出可以利用车体的频响特性作为反映车体隔声性能的声学参数,并提出了一种计算频响特性的简便算法;最后,利用该算法从实车噪声数据中计算出了车体的频响特性,并在此基础上实现了透射噪声与结构噪声的分离.     

高速PEMFC单片电压监测系统设计

质子交换膜燃料电池是一个封闭的发电装置,其运行性能仅能通过单片电池电压进行反应.根据单片电池电压的暂态变化,可以调整控制策略、工作条件,使电堆运行在最佳状态,延长其使用寿命.为满足燃料电池暂态分析及故障诊断的需要,拟利用高速数据采集卡,结合电阻分压及高速模拟切换开关,构建一种高速单片电池电压监测系统,实现燃料电池单片电压的高速、高精度采集.经试验测试表明,设计的监测系统测量速度、测量精度均比现有单片电压采集系统高,平均误差为4. 52 m V,测量时间小于6 ms.     

基于GPS的列车车辆里程表

针对传统统计列车里程方法效率低、数据不准确的弱点,提出了采用基于GPS的铁路列车车辆里程表设计方法.通过GPS系统采集、计算列车行驶里程,数据库系统调度、管理数据和计算机网络进行数据共享,实现对铁路列车车辆里程的高速、高效管理与维护.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.