NH3.(H2O)体系中氢键的理论计算

用量子化学密度泛函理论方法研究了NH3*(H2O)体系中氢键特征,计算了不同基组条件下NH3*(H2O)体系中氢键的键长,同时在Gaussian-3(G3)水平上计算了NH3*(H2O)体系中氢键的键能和成键特征,得到NH3*(H2O)体系中生成氢键有两种构象.     

C6H5O─H…X分子间氢键的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p)理论水平上,对C6H5O─H…X(X=H2O、HCOH、CH3COCH3、NH3、CH2NH、HCN)氢键体系进行几何结构优化与振动频率计算,利用计算所得的稳定构型,在相同基组水平上进行自然键轨道(NBO)分析,同时应用AIM 2000程序计算6个复合物中氢键临界点的拓扑参数.结果表明,C6H5O─H…X体系存在较强的O─H…O与O─H…N氢键,氢键的形成使H─O伸缩振动频率明显红移.氢键相互作用的稳定化能主要来源于O、N原子的孤对电子和电子受体C6H5OH中参与形成氢键的O─H反键轨道相互作用.AIM分析得到C6H5O─H…X复合物中氢键相互作用以静电作用占主导地位.     

钴配合物的合成与晶体结构

由CoCl2 ·6H2 O与KSCN和六次甲基四胺 (HMTA)反应得到超分子化合物 [Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 2 ·(HMTA) 2 ][Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 4]·(H2 O) 2 ,并测定了其晶体结构 .该化合物由 [Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 2 ·(HMTA) 2 ]、[Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 4]和H2 O三部分组成 ,每一个HMTA配体中仅有一个N原子与Co配位 ,剩余的三个N原子分别与 [Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 4]中的水及结晶H2 O分子之间形成氢键 .[Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 2 ·(HMTA) 2 ]和 [Co(NCS) 2 ·(H2 O) 4]之间通过NHO氢键连接成无限延伸的线性长链 ,链与链之间、链与结晶水之间通过不同形式的氢键构成三维结构的超分子     

(NH3)2(H2O)3稳定结构的探究

用密度泛函方法(DFT/B3LYP)在6-31G(d)和6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上逐级对(NH3)2(H2O)3团簇进行结构优化和频率计算.(NH3)2(H2O)3的初始结构取自经验势模型的大量可能构型中的51个稳定性较好的构型,最终得到了B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上的15种稳定结构,用二级微扰方法(M(o)ller-Plessett/MP2)计算了这15种结构的能量.结果发现:(NH3)2(H2O)3的五边形环状平面结构的稳定性最好;同族构型中氨分子相距越远的结构能量越低越稳定.(NH3)2(H2O)3团簇中氨分子间形成的氢键平均键长较长,其次是氨与水分子间的氢键,水分子间的氢键平均键长较短,进一步证明氨分子问的氢键较弱,氨水分子间居中,水分间的氢键最强.     

四元体系MgCl2-MgSO4-CO(NH2)2-H2O在25 ℃时的等温溶度

测定了四元体系MgCl2 _MgSO4 _CO(NH2 ) 2 _H2 O(不含硫酸盐脱水区 )在 2 5℃时的等温溶度及相应饱和溶液的密度值和折射率 .绘制了该体系的溶度图和性质图 .四元体系做出了 8支共饱线 ,3个四元无变点 .溶度图有 6个单饱和区 ,分别对应CO (NH2 ) 2 ,MgSO4 ·CO (NH2 ) 2 ·2H2 O ,MgCl2 · 4CO (NH2 ) 2 · 2H2 O ,MgCl2 ·CO (NH2 ) 2 · 4H2 O ,MgCl2 ·6H2 O和MgSO4 ·xH2 O(x =4 ,5 ,6,7) .     

X…Y(X=LiF，NH3，H20;Y=HF，LiF) 复合物中锉键、氢键的理论计算

在CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ水平下,对X...Y(X=LiF,NH3,H2O; Y=HF,LiF)复合物的9个结构进行几何构型优化和红外振动频率计算根据定域化分子轨道、原子自然电荷、Wiberg键级的分析表明HFLiF分子中的H-F键是共价键,而Li-F键则为离子键而非共价键H3N...Y (Y=HF,LiF),H2O...Y (Y=HF,LiF)中的氢键或铿键源于静电相互作用,并非共用电子的共价键结合能的计算表明:与HF相比,LiF与X (X=LiF,H2O,NH3)的结合能更高;结合能从高到低依次为LiF gt; NH3 gt;H2O红外振动频率分析表明HF与NH3,H2O形成红移氢键,即H-F键长增加,相应的H-F伸缩振动频率降低H3N...LiF的Li-F键键长增加同时伸缩振动频率减少而LiF与H2O形成铿键后,键长增加0.001 6nm,而Li-F的伸缩振动频率反而增加了2c;m,即蓝移铿键.     

X…Y(X=LiF,H3N,H2O; Y=HF,LiF)复合物中锂键、氢键的理论计算

在CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ水平下，对X…Y(X=LiF,H3N,H2O; Y=HF, LiF)复合物的9个结构进行几何构型优化和红外振动频率计算. 根据定域化分子轨道、原子自然电荷、Wiberg键级的分析表明HFLiF分子中的H-F键是共价键, 而Li-F键则为离子键而非共价键. H3N…Y (Y=HF，LiF)、H2O…Y (Y=HF，LiF)中的氢键或锂键源于静电相互作用, 并非共用电子的共价键. 结合能的计算表明: 与HF相比, LiF与X (X=LiF, H2O, NH3)的结合能更高;结合能从高到低依次为 LiF > NH3 > H2O. 红外振动频率分析表明HF与NH3、H2O形成红移氢键,即 H-F键长增加, 相应的H-F伸缩振动频率降低. H3N…LiF的Li-F键键长增加同时伸缩振动频率减少. 而LiF与H2O形成锂键后，键长增加0.016 ?，而Li-F的伸缩振动频率反而增加了2 cm-1 , 即蓝移锂键.     

配位聚合物[Ni（4，4′-bpy）（H2O）4]·（SO4^2-）·（CH3OH）·（H2O）的合成与晶体结构

通过NiSO4·6H2O与4,4'-联吡啶在H2O-CH3OH混合溶液中反应,制备了配位聚合物[Ni(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4]·(SO42-)·(CH3OH)·(H2O),并使用X射线单晶衍射技术对其结构进行了表征.此配合物含有三种分别沿[100]、[010]、[110]方向排列的无限长链,并通过其配位水分子与位于层间位置的SO42-形成氢键而连接成为超分子结构.     

稀土金属离子钇(Ⅲ)-氨基多羧酸配合物结构的研究

介绍了稀土金属离子YⅢ 与一系列氨基多羧酸类配体形成配合物的合成及分子结构和晶体结构 ,并讨论了这些配合物的配位规律及形成原因 .发现具有 0 .10 4nm离子半径和d0 电子结构的稀土金属YⅢ离子一般情况下与氨基多羧酸类配体形成九配位结构的配合物 ,如K3 [YⅢ(nta) 2 (H2 O) ]·6H2 O(nta =氨三乙酸 ) ,Na[YⅢ(edta) (H2 O) 3 ]·5H2 O(edta =乙二胺四乙酸 ) ,K2 [YⅢ(dtpa) (H2 O) ]·7H2 O(dtpa =二乙三胺五乙酸 ) ,K4[YⅢ2 (Httha) 2 ]·14H2 O(ttha =三乙四胺六乙酸 )和 (NH4) 2 [YⅢ(NH4ttha) ]·5H2 O等 ,但与具有一定刚性的环己烷环的cydta(=反式 1,2 环己二胺四乙酸 )配体却形成了八配位NH4[YⅢ(cydta)(H2 O) 2 ]·4 .5H2 O配合物 .另外 (NH4) 2 [YⅢ(NH4ttha) ]·5H2 O配合物中具有可用于修饰的未配位的自由羧酸基 ( CH2 COO-) .     

环氧乙烷与氢氰酸之间形成氢键络合物的理论研究

1986年,Goodwin等人对环氧乙烷与HCN的氢键络合物进行了实验测定,给出氢键键长ι(O—H—C)=3.035(?),∠H_5O_3X_2=127.8°(确定氢键的方向)。迄今为止,还没有发现用理论计算结果来解释实验所给出的结果,因此,本文采用HF/3-21G对该体系进行了研究,获得了一些令人满意的结果。在HF/3-21G水平上,采用能量梯度法优化得到环氧乙烷与氢氰酸的氢键络合物的结     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-