13CNMR法研究乙烯基类单体与胶原蛋白水解多肽的接枝共聚反应

通过比较胶原蛋白丙烯酸水解物、乙烯基类单体均聚物、共聚物及其与多肽接枝共聚物的13CNMR谱图,证明在以过硫酸铵为引发剂时乙烯基类单体确实与胶原蛋白水解多肽发生接枝共聚反应.在δ为69.6～69.8及44.1～44.5处出现接枝共聚特征吸收.并对其反应历程进行推测.     

L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂的皮革复鞣性能研究

研究了胶原蛋白水解液与乙烯基类单体接枝共聚制备的L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂对皮革的复鞣填充性能.发现该鞣剂兼顾了胶原蛋白多肽链的柔软性和乙烯基类树脂的填充性,经其加工的皮革柔软性和增厚率有明显改善,这表明鞣剂分子能渗透到原胶原分子之间,撑开并分散胶原纤维.     

用13CNMR研究丙烯酸丙烯腈接枝共聚对多肽分子功能化修饰的机理

用13CNMR方法研究了丙烯酸及丙烯腈对多肽分子接枝共聚功能化修饰机理,发现经功能化修饰后的接枝共聚物在δ=69.6、44.1～44.5处有特征共振峰.功能化修饰是引起多肽分子的皮革复鞣填充性能明显改善的主要原因.     

水性环氧接枝苯丙共聚物的研究

研究了苯丙多元接枝水性环氧共聚物的制法．讨论了以环氧树脂为母体,甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及苯乙烯为接枝单体的自由基接枝聚合．结果表明：当接枝温度为90～95℃,甲基丙烯酸含量为22％(占总单体质量分数),中和度为110％时,所得环氧树脂一苯丙单体接枝共聚物水分散稳定性最好．红外光谱分析证实接枝产物的存在;用透射电镜观察了接枝共聚物的水分散体的粒子形态及大小。     

淀粉与乙烯基单体接枝共聚物的研究进展

淀粉与乙烯基单体接枝共聚物是一类性能优良、用途广泛的新型材料.简要介绍了淀粉接枝共聚物的结构和性质,详细介绍了其制备方法及用途,评述了各种制备方法的优缺点,指出选择合适的引发体系,采用化学引发合成淀粉接枝共聚物,并将其与矿物超细粉结合制备出性能优良的高吸水性树脂,是今后淀粉接技共聚物的生产和应用方向.     

纤维素接枝丙烯腈制高吸水树脂研究

研究了以铈盐为引发剂，微量纤维素经碱糊化后，与丙烯腈单体接枝共聚反应，其接枝共聚物在碱性介质中水解制成高吸水性树脂，考察了引发剂用量、原料配比对接枝率和吸水性能的影响，用红外光谱表征了接枝物和吸水树脂特征结构基因的存在。     

聚丙烯酸酯/聚硅氧烷的分子设计与阻尼性能研究

以含乙烯基大分子硅单体与丙烯酸酯共聚,成功地制得了具有接枝结构的丙烯酸酯共聚乳液.该接枝共聚物的阻尼温域可跨越100 ℃,力学损耗因子(tan δ)最高可达到2.0.系统研究了大分子硅单体的用量、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量和丙烯酸酯单体的种类对共聚反应动力学的影响,并用动态力学谱表征了一系列共聚物的玻璃化转变.结果表明:甲基丙烯酸甲酯的引入对聚合转化率及稳定性有很大的影响;大分子硅单体的加入大大改善了丙烯酸酯共聚物的低温阻尼性能,而引发剂用量对共聚物的阻尼性能影响较小.     

两亲离聚体的合成及红外光谱研究

用聚环氧乙烷大单体与丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸共聚,合成了三元接枝共聚物.研究了共聚时间与单体转化率关系.探讨了引发剂、投料比和大单体的相对分子质量对接枝效率的影响.以此共聚物为前驱体,经离子中和,合成了分子同时含有非离子、阴离子的离聚体.红外光谱表明,前驱体中聚氧乙烯(PEO)支链与主链中丙烯酸链节生成氢键,而离聚体中此氢键消失.     

两亲性星状共聚物的合成、表征和性能

以对氯甲基苯乙烯为引发单体和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮为接枝单体,连续两次运用原子转移自由基聚合,制备了以对氯甲基苯乙烯超支化聚合物(PCMS)为核,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为臂的星状接枝共聚物(PCMS-g-PVP).用红外光谱(IR),核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等手段表征了其结构.这种星状共聚物在水中不溶,但可溶于碱水溶液,加热可熔融,因此有望作为非交联型高吸水性树脂应用.同时研究了树脂的吸水率和吸液率与共聚物中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮链节数的关系.     

EA/BA/AN/VAC四元共聚物接枝改性天然橡胶的研究

研究了 EA/ BA/ AN/ VAC四元共聚物接枝改性天然橡胶的制备过程中 ,反应温度、引发剂用量、反应时间及单体浓度对接枝聚合反应的影响。结果表明 :采用乳液聚合方法 ,以 KPS/ SHS氧化 -还原体系为引发剂 ,反应温度 6 0～ 70℃ ,引发剂用量1 .3% ,反应时间 2 .5 h为适宜的合成条件。红外光谱证实了接枝共聚物的生成     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-