影响过氧化氢催化分解速率的因素

在不同的pH值和不同的温度下,用碘化钾作催化剂,对过氧化氢分解速率进行实验测定,结果发现:碘化钾含量越高,反应的速率常数越大,且随着温度的升高,在相同催化剂浓度下,速率常数呈指数增大;速率常数在pH值为7时为最大;改变反应体系的温度对催化分解的影响远大于改变反应体系的酸度与改变KI浓度所产生的影响.     

在Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上液相苯加氢的反应动力学

采用Pd／γ-Al2O3催化剂,在排除扩散影响的条件下,研究了液相苯催化加氢制环己烷的反应动力学。实验测定了反应温度、氢气压力、反应物浓度等因素对反应速率的影响,反应温度研究的范围为393～453K,氢气压力为1．1～3．8MPa。研究结果表明,液相苯加氢反应对苯表现为零级,对氢压表现为一级,反应活化能为43．88kJ／mol。运用该动力学模型对在较低苯浓度下进行的加氢反应进行了预测,预测值与实验值能较好地吻合。     

对苯二甲酸加氢精制的反应规律

在高压磁力搅拌间歇反应釜中研究了精对苯二甲酸在Pd-C催化剂上加氢精制反应的规律，实验温度范围为275－295℃,实验压力范围为6.08-8.08MPa（表压）。研究发现加氢反应速率随着催化剂量和氢分压的增加而提高，在实验温度范围内，提高加氢温度，反应速率反而有所下降；投料中对苯二甲酸的质量浓度对反应速率也有一定影响，在282℃反应条件下合适的质量分数为25％。     

铜锌铝催化剂上低温变换动力学的研究(Ⅰ)

应用微分反应器，在高空速、小颗粒国产铜锌铝催化剂存在下进行一氧化碳与水蒸汽的反 应，测定了１７５℃，变换率≤２０％，远离平衡下，各组分浓度对反应速率的影响，得到正反应 动力学方程为 还测定了１６０－２１０℃之间温度对反应速率的影响，求得温度对反应速率常数的关系；得到反应 的活化能Ｅ＝６．７×１０４焦／摩尔，频率因子Ｚ＝２．１×１０６．     

福建无烟粉煤和纸浆黑液水蒸气催化气化动力学研究

在常压热分析仪上,运用等温法进行福建无烟粉煤和纸浆黑液水蒸气催化气化动力学研究实验,考察了温度和催化剂加载浓度的变化对碳转化率和气化反应速率的影响,并对催化气化动力学参数进行计算.实验结果表明:气化温度的升高和催化剂浓度的增大能显著提高炭转化率和气化速度.在本实验条件下,催化剂的饱和加载浓度为8%.     

燃煤烟气脱硝催化反应动力学研究

利用固定床催化反应器进行了连续流动条件下的烟气脱硝反应宏观动力学研究,分别在Cu-ce-la/HZSM-5催化剂和Cuo/γ-Al2O3催化剂上完成了实验数据的测定,在常压和最佳反应温度下,利用积分线性化方法估算了该反应总级数为2级。利用O2的浓度改变实验数据,确定了该反应的分级数,在还原剂N2浓度过量情况下,O2和NO都为一级反应。利用线性回归求得了Cuo/γ-Al2O3催化剂上450℃下的宏观反应速率常数。     

醋酸甲酯催化精馏水解反应动力学研究

用间歇式恒温反应器对醋酸甲酯在阳离子交换树脂上的水解动力学进行了实验测定,得出了与催化剂浓度有关、消除外扩散影响的醋酸甲酯水解反应速率数据.模拟催化精馏塔内的流动状况,测定了醋酸甲酯在催化精馏条件下的反应动力学数据.     

蔗糖水解反应速率常数测定方法的改进

文中探讨了测定蔗糖水解反应速率常数的优化方法,发现读取旋光度后按复测键再次读数并取平均值计算得到的速率常数结果与理论值符合较好。在优化方法基础上研究了盐酸浓度和温度的改变对反应速率常数的影响。得到随催化剂浓度的增大和温度的升高,速率常数k随之变大。根据阿累尼乌斯公式,求出蔗糖水解反应活化能为108 k J/mol,与文献值完全吻合,表明该改进的实验方法是合理的。     

聚乳酸热降解动力学

在对聚乳酸进行热降解实验的基础上建立了热降解模型,拟合得到了热降解反应的速率常数和活化能,并考察了温度(180~210°C)、时间(0~120 m in)以及催化剂浓度等对热降解过程的影响。结果表明:在本实验条件下,聚乳酸热降解过程可只考虑分子内的酯交换反应,而不必考虑其逆反应及其他的副反应。温度越高、时间越长以及残余催化剂浓度越大,聚乳酸热降解的程度也越深。     

聚2,6萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)聚合反应

研究了萘二甲酸二甲酯(NDC)和乙二醇(EG)进行酯交换反应生成BHEN时的反应速率常数的测定及氮气流速、反应温度及催化剂浓度对反应的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with