绿色荧光蛋白基因在牦牛乳腺上皮细胞中表达的研究

从牦牛乳腺采集组织, 并通过胶原酶消化法和胰蛋白酶消化法相结合在体外成功分离、纯化到了牦牛乳腺上皮细胞. 通过观察, 具有明显的上皮细胞特征, 而且符合一般细胞的生长规律. 通过脂质体介导法将携带有绿色荧光蛋白的外源基因转染进乳腺上皮细胞中, 在荧光显微镜下检测到了绿色荧光蛋白基因的表达.     

戴瑞奶绵羊乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养及鉴定

乳腺上皮细胞系是研究动物泌乳调控机制的理想细胞模型。实验采用组织块培养法结合差时消化法,分离纯化了戴瑞奶绵羊乳腺上皮细胞,并通过细胞形态学观察、生长曲线测定、免疫荧光染色、特异性基因表达检测和细胞染色体数目分析等多种方法对细胞进行鉴定。结果表明,分离得到的乳腺上皮细胞呈典型的“铺路石形”或“多角形”,细胞生长周期符合一般生物学规律且细胞染色体数为2n=54;细胞稳定表达CK7、CK8和β-casein基因,免疫荧光染色实验也显示细胞表达CK7。本研究成功建立了戴瑞奶绵羊乳腺上皮细胞系,为奶绵羊泌乳调控机制的研究奠定了基础。     

西藏牦牛和黄牛遗传多态性的研究

用淋巴细胞短期体外培养法,并结合染色体Ｇ、Ｃ、Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ 显带技术,以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究了西藏牦牛、黄牛的染色体和血液蛋白多态性．结果表明：西藏牦牛可分为山地牦牛和草地牦牛两个生态类群,但均应属于横断高山型牦牛;西藏黄牛在染色体核型、血液蛋白基因位点、以及体型外貌上与普通牛一致,为普通牛种．     

牛乳腺上皮细胞的快速分离和培养

以西门塔尔肉牛为材料,采集已被屠宰的奶牛乳腺组织,利用机械剪切组织块及胶原酶消化的方法,在体外进行原代乳腺上皮细胞分离和培养.结果发现,组织块接种法成功地培养出原代乳腺上皮细胞,而胶原酶消化法没有成功.研究表明,组织块接种法是一种简便快速的牛乳腺细胞培养方法,经数次传代后,细胞增殖依旧旺盛.     

暗腹雪鸡染色体的核型分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养——空气干燥法，首次对暗腹雪鸡的染色体核型进行了研究。研究结果表明，暗腹雪鸡的细胞染色体数目为2n=78，染色体基本臂数AF=85，有11对大染色体（包括Z、W），28对小染色体；染色体形态分别为：No．1、No．2、No．5、Z染色体为m型，其余染色体均为t型。     

牦牛心脏原代成纤维细胞系的建立及鉴定

旨在建立牦牛胚胎心脏原代成纤维细胞系并对其进行鉴定.以牦牛胚胎心脏组织块为研究对象,运用组织块法对其进行分离培养获得原代细胞,使用胰酶消化法对原代细胞进行传代培养,通过MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,利用HE染色法及秋水仙素处理染色体鉴定细胞外形,选取4个成纤维标志性基因TGF-β、FSP-1、S100A4、Vimentin...     

牦牛(Bos Grunniens)染色体高分辨G带带型的研究

由麦洼牦牛(公26,母8)颈静脉采血,经Brdu处理,结合胰酶G显带法,制备牦牛染色体高分辨G带标本,绘制出牦牛染色体高分辨G带模式图,并进行染色体区带划分和命名。结果是牦牛常染色体均为近端点着丝粒染色体,X、Y染色体为亚中部着丝粒染色体。单套染色体的G带数(含X、Y染色体)为641条,划分为108个区,牦牛染色体高分辨G带带型同普通牛染色体G带带型以及高分辨R带带型相比较,其X染色体基本相似,而Y染色体和常染色体有较大差异,这对今后深入探讨牦牛的雄性不育是有意义的。     

IGF-I、HGF、TGF-β1、IFN-γ对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖活性的影响

研究胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外增殖的调节作用。应用组织块培养和差速消化法获取原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,免疫荧光鉴定正确后MTT法评价不同浓度的4种细胞因子对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞体外增殖的影响。IGF-I、HGF分别在10~200 ng/m L,0.1~100 ng/m L浓度范围内对乳腺上皮细胞的增殖呈正相关。而TGF-β1(2.5~100 ng/m L)、IFN-γ(5~160 ng/m L)则剂量依赖性地抑制乳腺上皮细胞增殖。IGF-I、HGF均能促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的体外增殖,该作用在一定浓度范围内有剂量依赖性;TGF-β1、IFN-γ对乳腺上皮细胞的增殖作用出现剂量抑制效应。该研究为下一步深入探讨细胞因子对奶牛泌乳机制的研究奠定基础。     

红豆杉离体培养染色体数变异与细胞多核现象

分别对在固体培养基上静止培养和在摇瓶、１０Ｌ及１００Ｌ生物反应器内悬浮培养的红豆杉茎尖和根尖离体细胞进行染色体数目观察,发现其染色体数目主要类型和亲本株相同,为２ｎ＝２４,且存在较大比例的染色体数目变异的细胞．还发现,离体培养红豆杉细胞有丝分裂间期存在多核现象．认为染色体数目的变异可能是红豆杉离体培养细胞紫杉醇产量不稳定的主要原因．     

麦洼牦牛和犏牛乳蛋白的遗传多态性

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了５４头麦洼牦牛和１９头犏牛乳蛋白的遗传多态性．结果显示，牦牛和犏牛的α乳清蛋白均呈ＢＢ型．β乳球蛋白在犏牛中为ＡＢ型，在牦牛中Ａ型β乳球蛋白（βＬｇ）在凝胶上染色通常极弱．另外，在７头处于干乳期犏牛的乳腺分泌物中，有５头其Ａ型βＬｇ的电泳迁移率显著快于其它犏牛的Ａ型βＬｇ，而其Ｂ型βＬｇ则慢于牦牛和其它犏牛的Ｂ型βＬｇ．牦牛和犏牛的β酪蛋白以Ａ１Ａ１型为主，αｓ１酪蛋白以ＢＢ型为主．试验还观察到犏牛的Ａ型αｓ１酪蛋白电泳迁移率快于牦牛的Ａ型αｓ１酪蛋白     

Purification and unique properties of mammary epithelial stem cells

Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that maintain mammary epithelial tissue integrity is of broad interest and paramount to the design of more effective treatments for breast cancer. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that mammary cell differentiation is a hierarchical process originating in an uncommitted stem cell with self-renewal potential. However, analysis of the properties and regulation of mammary stem cells has been limited by a lack of methods for their prospective isolation. Here we report the use of multi-parameter cell sorting and limiting dilution transplant analysis to demonstrate the purification of a rare subset of adult mouse mammary cells that are able individually to regenerate an entire mammary gland within 6 weeks in vivo while simultaneously executing up to ten symmetrical self-renewal divisions. These mammary stem cells are phenotypically distinct from and give rise to mammary epithelial progenitor cells that produce adherent colonies in vitro. The mammary stem cells are also a rapidly cycling population in the normal adult and have molecular features indicative of a basal position in the mammary epithelium.     

树鼩胸主动脉血管内皮细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的 体外分离、培养树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)胸主动脉血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cells, VECs),并对培养细胞进行初步鉴定, 为新型实验动物树鼩的应用研究提供体外模型。方法 无菌取幼龄树鼩胸主动脉,采用组织块培养法和胰蛋白酶、胶原酶连续消化法分别进行树鼩胸主动脉血管内皮细胞分离,经完全培养液培养,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并用抗Ⅷ因子抗体进行荧光染色鉴定细胞。结果 经组织块培养法分离培养的血管内皮细胞,3 d有细胞贴壁,7 d后细胞从组织块中大量长出,15 d汇合为单层;酶消化法所得细胞12 h即贴壁,3～7 d生长较快,12 d汇合成单层,镜下观察发现细胞呈典型的铺路石状;两种方法分离所得原代细胞经体外培养传代,6代内,细胞生长均良好;利用血管内皮细胞标志分子Ⅷ因子进行免疫荧光鉴定后确定为阳性。结论 本研究采用简便的方法成功分离到了树鼩胸主动脉血管内皮细胞,为血管内皮细胞相关研究提供了实验模型。     

小鼠精原干细胞的体外培养与鉴定

建立一种简单、有效体外分离和培养精原干细胞（Spermatogonia stem cell,SSCs）的方法。采用酶消化6—8d新生小鼠睾丸制备睾丸细胞悬液后进行培养,碱性磷酸酶（AKP）染色和间接免疫荧光对培养的细胞进行鉴定;结果显示：SSCs培养3～5天可观察到细胞克隆的产生,AKP染色强阳性;间接免疫荧光显示GCNF阴性,oct-4、c—kit均呈阳性反应。由此可知以DMEM＋15％胎牛血清＋白血病抑制因子（leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF）＋L-谷氨酰胺等为培养基,成功建立了精原干细胞的体外培养体系。     

Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells

A long-standing hypothesis on tumorigenesis is that cell division failure, generating genetically unstable tetraploid cells, facilitates the development of aneuploid malignancies. Here we test this idea by transiently blocking cytokinesis in p53-null (p53-/-) mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), enabling the isolation of diploid and tetraploid cultures. The tetraploid cells had an increase in the frequency of whole-chromosome mis-segregation and chromosomal rearrangements. Only the tetraploid cells were transformed in vitro after exposure to a carcinogen. Furthermore, in the absence of carcinogen, only the tetraploid cells gave rise to malignant mammary epithelial cancers when transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. These tumours all contained numerous non-reciprocal translocations and an 8-30-fold amplification of a chromosomal region containing a cluster of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. MMP overexpression is linked to mammary tumours in humans and animal models. Thus, tetraploidy enhances the frequency of chromosomal alterations and promotes tumour development in p53-/- MMECs.     

The human tumour-associated epithelial mucins are coded by an expressed hypervariable gene locus PUM

A single highly-polymorphic autosomal gene locus PUM codes for a family of mucin-type glycoproteins, separable by SDS-gel electrophoresis, which we first identified in human urine. The locus also codes for glycoproteins which are abundant in several other normal epithelial tissues and body fluids, including milk, and in tumours of epithelial origin. These mucin-type glycoproteins seem to be very immunogenic in rodents and, in a search for epithelial specific or tumour-associated antigens, a large number of related antibodies have been isolated which bind to the PUM-coded mucins. Many of the antibodies show a pronounced tumour specificity on immunohistology and are being used widely in cancer diagnosis in vitro and in vivo and even in cancer therapy. To investigate the expression of these antigens in normal and malignant cells complementary DNA coding for the mammary mucin has been isolated. Here we present evidence obtained using this cDNA that the PUM locus is a hypervariable 'minisatellite' region of human DNA similar to those described by several groups, but which is novel in that it is transcribed and translated, and that the same polymorphism is demonstrable in the expressed gene product.     

猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

目的:建立体外分离培养猪冠状动脉血平滑肌细胞(PCASMC)的技术方法并观察其生长特征.方法:酶联合消化法原代分离猪冠状动脉来源的CASMC,利用倒置显微镜观察细胞生长情况;免疫荧光染色法鉴定细胞;台盼蓝法、绘制生长曲线法测定冠状动脉PCASMC传代细胞的成活率和生长特征.结果:分离培养的细胞3d后呈梭形生长,7~8d后生长迅速可传代;第2代细胞在显微镜下观察3~5d即可见典型"峰-谷"状生长;免疫荧光染色显示胞浆内α-平滑肌肌动蛋白表达阳性,细胞成活率为97.5%;细胞生长曲线近似"S"形.结论:本研究建立了高效分离和培养PCASMC的方法,细胞均稳定地表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白,为血管疾病的研究提供了理想的细胞模型.     

Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell

The existence of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has been postulated from evidence that the mammary gland can be regenerated by transplantation of epithelial fragments in mice. Interest in MaSCs has been further stimulated by their potential role in breast tumorigenesis. However, the identity and purification of MaSCs has proved elusive owing to the lack of defined markers. We isolated discrete populations of mouse mammary cells on the basis of cell-surface markers and identified a subpopulation (Lin-CD29hiCD24+) that is highly enriched for MaSCs by transplantation. Here we show that a single cell, marked with a LacZ transgene, can reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. The transplanted cell contributed to both the luminal and myoepithelial lineages and generated functional lobuloalveolar units during pregnancy. The self-renewing capacity of these cells was demonstrated by serial transplantation of clonal outgrowths. In support of a potential role for MaSCs in breast cancer, the stem-cell-enriched subpopulation was expanded in premalignant mammary tissue from MMTV-wnt-1 mice and contained a higher number of MaSCs. Our data establish that single cells within the Lin-CD29hiCD24+ population are multipotent and self-renewing, properties that define them as MaSCs.     

奶牛乳腺炎与P物质和肥大细胞的相关性研究

应用组织学、组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对奶牛不同病变时期乳腺不同部位的肥大细胞的数量、活力以及P物质表达水平的动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,乳腺炎乳腺组织中大量的炎性细胞浸染小叶间质、腺泡及腺上皮细胞间、腺泡腔内、乳导管及血管内壁与周围,并随着病程延长,乳腺不同部位的炎性细胞急剧增多,并呈上升趋势,与正常乳腺比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中,乳基部（乳腺炎3个月）最高,其和乳体部与乳头部比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;腺泡结构渐进紊乱,小叶内血管内膜突起出现裂隙;乳腺不同部位的黏膜肥大细胞及其脱颗粒变化和P物质的表达水平均与炎性细胞浸染变化相吻合,且P物质神经纤维与肥大细胞相关联.P物质和肥大细胞参与奶牛乳腺炎的病理进程.     

反式白藜芦醇对破骨细胞分化的影响

目的:研究反式白藜芦醇对体外破骨细胞分化的影响.方法建立由骨保护素配体(RANKL)和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)共同细胞因子的小鼠破骨细胞骨髓诱导体系,将不同浓度的反式白藜芦醇作用于破骨细胞.受试细胞分为对照组、反式白藜芦醇低剂量组(10-8mol.L-1)、反式白藜芦醇中剂量组(10-7mol.L-1)和反式白藜芦醇高剂量组(10-6mol.L-1),并设立空白对照组.7 d后取细胞玻片进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色,观察破骨细胞并计数;测量抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)活性以及破骨细胞表面NF-κB活化受体(RANK)mRNA表达量.结果诱导培养的破骨细胞形态特征明显;反式白藜芦醇中、高剂量组在细胞数量、TRAP活性上与对照组相比有明显统计学差异(P<0.05);反式白藜芦醇各剂量组在(RANK)mRNA表达量上与对照组相比有明显统计学差异(P<0.05),且呈量效关系.结论:反式白藜芦醇可以抑制体外培养的破骨细胞分化.     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养

用本实验室已建立的贝类组织培养技术对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织成功地进行了体外培养,在外套膜组织中最先迁出的是颗粒细胞,紧随其后为透明细胞,在培养到２０ｈ时,圆形的上皮细胞开始迁出,上皮细胞很快在组织块圆形形成生长晕,继而铺满整个培养瓶底面,培养４ｄ以后,上皮细胞开始分泌颗粒状的物质,这时的上皮细胞从形态上发为Ａ型和Ｂ型两类,Ｂ型上皮细胞含有许多颗粒物质,而Ａ型上皮细胞不含或含少量颗粒物质,反映了其合成