惠民凹陷煤岩生烃动力学及勘探有利区预测

在分析烃源岩平面发育、丰度、类型及成熟度基础上,采用高压釜模拟实验与动力学模型融合的方法,结合构造演化史研究,定量模拟惠民凹陷石炭-二叠系煤岩生气过程,预测有利勘探区。惠民地区石炭-二叠系煤岩地层中有机质以Ⅲ型为主,属于高丰度、生气为主的烃源岩,并进入成熟-高成熟阶段,具有良好的生气基础;该煤岩具有2次生气特征:分别发生于260～200 Ma B.P.和80～55 Ma B.P.,累计生气率达75%,并与包裹体测温结果显示的成藏期一致。济阳地堑带东侧的白桥断层附近、曲堤潜山构造带的东北部构造高点和局部高点部位、西南缓坡带靠近气源区的小型气藏及王判镇潜山带的规模小、丰度高的"甜点"型气藏应该是勘探的重点目标。     

冀中拗陷北部天然气成藏系统及勘探方向

对冀中拗陷北部天然气成藏地质要素研究认为,该区发育下第三系湖相泥岩和石炭—二叠系煤系地层2套烃源岩,具备雾迷山组海相碳酸盐岩、寒武系—奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩、二叠系砂岩、下第三系砾岩和下第三系砂岩等5套有利储层,上古生界—新生界发育4套区域性盖层,依据已发现天然气的成熟度、地球化学指标和构造特征划分出生物气、生物热催化气、热解气、生物改造气和煤成气等5种天然气成因类型。通过对不同类型的天然气受控的成藏组合和构造背景分析,提出了冀中拗陷北部可划分为廊固凹陷深层、浅层和霸县凹陷深层等3个天然气成藏系统,总结了8种天然气成藏模式。综合评价认为,廊固凹陷和霸县凹陷2个深层天然气成藏系统具有较大的资源潜力,指出牛东深潜山带、大兴砾岩体和苏桥—文安潜山内幕等3个领域是有利勘探方向。     

东濮凹陷天然气分布成因及富集因素

东濮凹陷天然气资源非常丰富,纵向上主要集中在盐下沙三~4、沙四及盐间沙二下、沙三~1、沙三~3段;平面上则主要分布在凹陷北部中央隆起带上。现已探明的天然气,从化学组成上看有干气、湿气、凝折气;从成因上分析有油型气、煤系气及两者相互掺合的混合气。下第三系和石炭二迭系是两套主要生气源岩。由于早第三纪凹陷快速沉降,使下伏石炭二迭纪煤系进入二次生气期,同时使下第三系生油气岩系相当一部分进入高成熟生气阶段,形成丰富的气源。其上又有分布广、厚度大的膏盐作为良好的盖层,天然气不易散失,故导致凹陷中天然气的富集。     

宁夏横城矿区聚煤规律研究

横城矿区位于鄂尔多斯台地西缘,贺兰山褶皱带之刘家庄褶皱带北段,属祁吕贺兰山字型脊柱部位。区内地层与华北基本相似,自古生界至新生界均有沉积,并缺失上奥陶至下石炭统,沉积厚度因受祁连褶皱带之影响而较华北为大。古生代为拗陷区,沉积了巨厚的奥陶系中、下统海相灰岩和薄层泥岩,石炭、二叠系海陆交互相含煤岩系和陆相碎屑岩系。     

东濮凹陷文留斜坡石碳二叠系烃源岩生烃评价

针对东濮凹陷文留斜坡的石炭二叠系经历了复杂的构造—埋藏史,烃源岩曾发生多次生烃演化的问题,采用构造—埋藏史分析、磷灰石裂变径迹测试和EASY%Ro数值模拟技术,深入研究了石炭二叠系烃源岩的生烃演化历史,探讨了石炭二叠系生烃作用发生的构造期次、生烃强度,结果表明其石炭二叠系烃源岩曾发生过三次重要的生烃作用过程,其分别发生在海西—印支期、喜山早期和喜山晚期,得出了主要生烃作用发生在喜山期的重要结论,并提出了文留斜坡是有望实现东濮凹陷石炭二叠系油气勘探更大突破的有利地区。     

胜利油田古潜山原油孢粉组合与油源研究

胜利油田古潜山油藏储油岩系为寒武、奥陶系,石炭、二叠系和侏罗系,然其原油含有Multicell(?)porites lanceloatus、Grandi(?)cus granulatus、Bohaidina、Parabohaidina、Pinuspolle nites、Quercoidites、Ulmipollenites等孢粉、藻类化石,为早第三纪的孢粉组合,它示踪古潜山原油的油源来自下第三系沙河街组的生油岩.     

临清坳陷(东部)石炭二叠系煤成气勘探远景

临清坳陷（东部）煤炭资源丰富，石炭二叠系煤系烃源岩埋藏深、分布广，是煤成气勘探的有利地区．自其沉积以来经历了均衡、停止、补偿和差异演化四个阶段，形成了现今比较复杂的热演化格局．按照不同地区的埋藏历史，可以把它们划分成回返型和中隆新凹型两种，后者是煤成气生成和保存的有利地区．结合埋藏热演化史，对临清坳陷（东部）石炭二叠系煤系烃源岩主生气期进行了确定，并计算了其资源量     

喀什凹陷侏罗系煤系烃源岩的生烃史研究

根据黄金管—高压釜封闭体系热模拟实验结果,结合古热史资料,研究了喀什凹陷侏罗系煤系烃源岩(煤和泥岩)的产气性与生烃史。研究表明,侏罗系煤和泥岩均具有较好的产气性,在中—高热演化阶段可生成较大量的天然气,且以产甲烷气为主。无论是煤,还是泥岩,喀什凹陷侏罗系烃源岩生气时问发生得晚,生气门限出现在5Ma,主生气期出现在3．5～1Ma。这种晚期生气特征为喀什凹陷天然气的晚期聚集成藏提供了较为有利的气源条件。     

济源凹陷油源追踪及烃类垂直运移作用

济源凹陷为一中、新生代复合型断陷．下第三系原油为轻质、低硫原油，与下伏中生界（Ｔｔ－Ｊ２）湖沼相生油岩抽提物具有同源性，而与下第三系泥岩抽提物回然相异。后邓断裂是烃类垂直运移的良好通道，中生界生成的烃类沿断裂经过了约３０００－４０００ｍ的垂直运移而聚集成芷。长距离的垂直运移造成了原油中ｒ－蜡烷的富集，作为运移通道的断裂发育时间、规模等控制了浅层油芷的分布．     

河东煤田离柳矿区石炭-二叠系地层沉积岩石学特征与潜在矿床

运用野外实测剖面和新的地层划分方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部河东煤田离柳矿区苏村-毛港剖面石炭-二叠系沉积地层进行了详细的沉积岩石学研究.结果表明:本区出露的石炭-二叠系沉积地层以陆源碎屑岩和泥质岩为主,其次为铁质岩和铝质岩,少量碳酸盐岩和火山岩.除煤矿外,该区的沉积矿产还有铁矿和铝土矿.     

沁水盆地石炭-二叠煤系地层烃源岩特征及生烃有利区评价

对山西沁水盆地石炭－二叠煤系地层烃源岩的有机地化资料进行分析总结。结果表明,山西组和太原组煤岩样品显微组分以镜质组为主,其次为惰质组,稳定组分（壳质组＋腐泥组）的质量分数一般低于11.2％;干酪根 H／C 原子比主要集中在0.20～0.85,O／C 原子比主要集中在0.02～0.10,属高演化Ⅲ型有机质;煤岩碳同位素普遍偏重,为－23‰～－25.6‰;沥青“A”中,饱和烃的质量分数大多数＜25％,芳烃为11％～58％,饱／芳比值一般为＜0.4。煤系泥岩显微组分以镜质组为主,其次是惰质组,壳质组较低;H／C 原子比主要在0.25～0.75,O／C 原子比主要在0.03～0.20,属高演化Ⅲ型有机质,小部分属于Ⅱ2型有机质;碳同位素偏重,为－23.5‰～－25.9‰,饱和烃质量分数＜25％,大部分＜20％。太原组灰岩以Ⅱ2型干酪根为主,碳同位素轻于山西组及太原组煤岩及泥岩,主要在－26.0‰～－30.0‰。制定了适合沁水盆地煤系地层中煤岩和泥岩的生烃潜力评价标准,对烃源岩有利生烃区进行评价。综合认为,沁水盆地山西组煤岩总体上是中等－好烃源岩,以盆地两翼为好,中部和南部为中等－差烃源岩;太原组煤岩总体上为中等－好烃源岩,两翼大部分为好烃源岩,沁县－祁县－榆次－榆社一带以及南部地区为差－中等烃源岩;沁水盆地山西组泥岩总体上为中等偏差的烃源岩,只有西部部分地区为好烃源岩,盆地中部地区烃源岩生烃潜力比两翼差;太原组泥岩总体上为中等偏差的烃源岩,西部局部地区为好烃源岩,盆地边缘比盆地中央的生烃潜力稍大一些。     

西藏阿翁错盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩地球化学特征

在西藏阿翁错盆地古近系牛堡组实测剖面的基础上,对烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等方面进行研究,结果表明牛堡组烃源岩有机质丰度中等偏低,泥页岩和泥晶灰岩有机碳平均质量分数分别为0.26%和O.15%,泥页岩表现出较差烃源岩特征,泥晶灰岩则表现为中等烃源岩特征.泥页岩有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型为主,泥晶灰岩有机...     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统烃源岩有机地球化学特征

柴达木盆地德令哈拗陷中侏罗统广泛发育,是该区主要的烃源岩层系.野外地质调查及有机地球化学分析表明,中侏罗统烃源岩主要以油页岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤为主.油页岩有机碳的质量分数平均为7.95%,有机质类型属Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,为好生油岩;泥岩的有机质丰度交化大,但80%以上的样品有机碳的质量分数大于1%,65%样品的有机碳的质量分数...     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

川中地区上三叠统香溪群烃源岩热演化史模拟

川中地区在喜马拉雅期的强烈隆升和地层剥蚀作用下,大部分地区缺失了上侏罗统及以上地层。根据八角场和南充等气田典型井的泥岩声波时差分析,地层剥蚀厚度大约2500m。在不同岩性地层压实校正基础上,应用盆地模拟方法对163口井上三叠统香溪群的埋藏史和有机质的热演化史进行模拟计算。结果表明,川中地区上三叠统香溪群烃源岩在中侏罗世末期进入生烃门限,晚侏罗世为低成熟阶段,白垩纪为大量生烃期。到白垩纪末期,除川中北部达到高成熟晚期以外,其余大部分地区处于生烃高峰期。早第三纪以来,地层抬升和剥蚀作用导致地层温度降低,阻碍了烃源岩有机质进一步的生烃作用。     

Evaluation criteria for gas source rocks of marine carbonate in China

Hydrocarbon generating and expulsion simulation experiments are carried out using samples artifically matched between the acid-dissolved residue of relatively low-maturity limestone and the original sample. This work makes up for the insufficiency of source rock samples with high abundance of organic matters and low maturity in China. The organic carbon content of the 10 prepared samples varies between 0.15% and 0.74%. Pyrolysis data and simulation experiment results of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion, which were obtained by a high-temperature and high-pressure open system, indicate that the lower limit of organic carbon content for marine carbonate rock to generate and expel hydrocarbons is 0.23%—0.31%. In combination with the numerical analysis of organic carbon in marine carbonate rocks from Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and North China, as well as the contribution of these gas source rocks to the discovered gas pools, we think that the organic carbon criterion for carbonate gas source rocks should be 0.3%.     

柴达木盆地西部侏罗系油气勘探前景

柴达木盆地西部的侏罗系发育中、下侏罗统大、小煤沟组和上侏罗统采石岭组、红水沟组两套地层。中、下侏罗统以暗色含煤建造为主,暗色泥页岩发育;上侏罗统以氧化环境下沉积的红色碎屑岩建造为主,不具备生烃能力。区域地质调查及地震解释资料揭示中、下侏罗统湖相暗色泥页岩分布广、残留厚度大, 在清水沟和月牙山北分别发育了288m和256m厚的烃源岩。有机地球化学分析表明烃源岩有机碳含量平均达1.62%;有机质类型以Ⅱ2型为主,部分为Ⅲ型;正处于成熟阶段的生、排烃高峰期,具有较强的生烃能力。该区生储盖匹配良好,圈闭发育,具有较好的石油地质条件和良好的油气勘探前景。     

二氧化碳对页岩力学性质劣化规律的影响

针对目前缺少不同相态CO_2对页岩微观结构及力学参数影响规律研究的现状,通过室内岩石-压裂液浸泡测试系统,对不同相态CO_2浸泡后岩石矿物组分、微观结构及力学参数进行了测试。研究结果表明:液态、超临界态CO_2相比较滑溜水对矿物颗粒微观结构的影响更为明显,矿物颗粒之间的孔隙增大4%～15%,易导致页岩宏观力学性质受到劣化影响;不同介质浸泡后页岩力学参数劣化受影响程度排序为:抗拉强度泊松比峰值强度弹性模量,滑溜水浸泡后页岩脆性特征变化不明显,而液态、超临界态CO_2浸泡后页岩脆性增强40%～50%。液态CO_2有利于改善岩石微观孔隙和降低岩石抗拉强度,超临界态CO_2有利于提高微孔隙/裂隙穿透性,提高岩石脆性和降低破裂压力。研究结果为页岩气CO_2干法压裂工艺优化提供了一定的实验支撑和理论依据。     

超临界二氧化碳浸泡对页岩力学性能的影响

超临界二氧化碳对岩石力学性能的影响是非常规油气藏钻探开发的基础问题。依据井下工况,研制超临界二氧化碳浸泡实验装置,研究超临界二氧化碳浸泡条件下,页岩的力学性能变化规律。试验结果表明:随着时间的增加,页岩的抗压强度降低至稳定值,弹性模量升高至稳定值,泊松比降低至稳定值。相比于氮气实验,超临界二氧化碳弱化岩石力学性质的能力更强,说明超临界二氧化碳更有利于破岩。相比于清水实验,清水浸泡后页岩抗压强度一直下降,不利于井壁稳定,二氧化碳浸泡后页岩抗压强度下降至稳定值,有利于井壁稳定。浸泡不同岩石发现,岩石抗压强度均降低,但是降低幅度不同,说明超临界二氧化碳可渗入各种不同岩石,改变岩石力学性质,有利于提高破岩效果,加快钻井速度。研究结果为超临界二氧化碳钻完井技术的发展提供了依据。