链霉菌木糖异构酶缺陷型菌株的分离

用变青链霉菌66 TK64作为出发菌,经NTG诱变,以木糖为碳源的基本培养基平板筛选得到四株木糖缺陷型菌,分别命名为C106,C215,C232和C301。依据它们木糖异构酶活性及木酮糖利用能力,可把突变菌株分为三类:一类为C215,其木糖异构酶活性是野生型的30—40%,木酮糖激酶活性正常;二类为C301,其木糖异构酶活性是野生型的15～20%,但无木酮糖激酶活性;三类是C232,它的木糖异构酶活性正常,而木酮糖激酶活性受到影响;C106菌株结果不稳定。利用链霉菌质粒pIJ702转化C215菌株原生质体,转化率为10~5—10~6/μgDNA。结果表明,可利用C215菌株作为克隆以及研究克隆的木糖异构酶基因的受体菌。     

木糖对马克斯克鲁维酵母菊糖酶合成的诱导作用

马克斯克鲁维酵母可利用木糖、菊糖等多种碳源。利用木糖为碳源时菊糖酶产量最高,酶活力可达30．4U／mg菌体（干重）,菊糖次之;利用葡萄糖、乳糖等酶活力均很低。用洗涤菌体进行诱导试验也表明,木糖能诱导该酵母菌菊糖酶的合成,蛋白质合成抑制剂环已亚胺可抑制木糖对该 酶的诱导作用。在以木糖为碳源的生长培养基中添加葡萄糖能明显地阻遏菊糖酶的形成。试验结果表明,该菌株菊糖酶的合成受诱导和分解产物阻遏机制的双重调节,木糖是酵母菊糖酶合成的一种良好的天然诱导剂。     

树干毕赤酵母连续发酵戊糖己糖生成酒精

以30g/L葡萄糖和15g/L木糖混合物为发酵底物,在工作体积约为1.5L的全混釜生物反应器中,对一株树干毕赤酵母驯化菌株P2进行了一级和二级连续发酵研究。结果表明,在一级连续发酵木糖、葡萄糖混合物中,当稀释率为0.06h-1时,酒精产率达到最大0.790g/(L·h),发酵溢出液中酒精浓度为13.16g/L,还原糖利用率仅为77.51%。在二级连续发酵木糖、葡萄糖混合物时,当底物流加速度约为60mL/h时,发酵液酒精浓度为13.23～14.85g/L,还原糖利用为83.23%～84.37%。     

热带假丝酵母XYL1基因的克隆及序列分析

木糖还原酶(XR)是D-木糖代谢途径中的关键酶,催化还原D-木糖成木糖醇.已报道的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalisIF0 0618)木糖还原酶只能利用NADPH,而本研究中的热带假丝酵母(C.tropicalisAY92045)木糖还原酶能够同时利用NADH和NADPH作为辅因子,有利于细胞内的辅酶平衡和木糖醇的产生.经克隆测序与Blast X比较其与已报道C.tropicalis木糖还原酶基因XYRA和XYRB的差异,分析改变的氨基酸位点对结合辅酶的影响,并为下一步研究该酶性质及构建高     

木糖产乙醇微生物的育种研究进展

甘蔗渣水解产物中含量第二高的是木糖，利用微生物高效转化木糖产乙醇是目前蔗渣纤维综合利用的关键途径之一，但野生型酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）不能利用木糖发酵产乙醇，这成为当前纤维素乙醇实现产业化生产的主要瓶颈之一。本文从微生物木糖代谢途径、利用木糖产乙醇的微生物、木糖产乙醇基因工程菌的构建、利用传统诱变方法改良木糖乙醇菌种等4个方面综述当前木糖产乙醇微生物的育种研究进展，指出木糖乙醇发酵最为理想的微生物菌种和最有应用前景的微生物分别是树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis）和酿酒酵母基因工程菌，为改良木糖乙醇微生物提供理论依据。     

木聚糖酶分级对高温降解木聚糖酶水解的影响

为提高酶解液中聚合度为2～5的低聚木糖含量,采用超滤的方法对木聚糖酶进行分级,用于高温降解木聚糖的酶水解。结果表明：木聚糖酶原酶液经超滤分级后,得到的木聚糖酶A组分（分子质量为30～50 ku）、B组分（分子质量为10～30 ku）和C组分（分子质量小于10 ku）,均能使木聚糖中聚合度较高的糖降解为聚合度为2～5的低聚木糖。木聚糖酶B组分由于富含内切木聚糖酶XYN I和XYNⅡ,1 mg酶蛋白可以产生263 g木二糖、185 g木三糖、115g木四糖和046 g木五糖,明显高于木聚糖酶A和C组分高温降解木聚糖的水解能力。     

树干毕赤酵母固定化细胞的酒精发酵

利用海藻酸铝酸胶包埋，将低浓度的树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis)细胞固定，其凝胶粒直径约2－3mm，经增殖培养，使凝胶珠表面的细胞密集，极大地减少了传递阻力，有利于该酵母细胞的“半好气”酒精发酵，结果表明，固定化细胞戊糖，己糖同步酒精发酵糖液初始PH5．0－5．5较适宜；混合糖60g/L（50％葡萄糖、50％木糖）的固定化细胞酒精发酵，发酵前12h主要利用葡萄糖，12h以后木糖利用占主导地位，以低PH（2．8，2．4，2．0）无菌水处理酵母细胞海藻酸铝凝胶珠，2－3h后又恢复正常PH（5．0）。用PH2．8无菌水处理固定化细胞2－3h，细菌基本上被杀死，而酵母细胞功能不受影响，当PH2．4时，对酵母细胞影响较大，而PH2．0时，酵母细胞严重受损，大部分死亡。     

碳源对丝孢酵母(Trichosporon cutaneum ST_(851))生长和β-木聚糖酶诱导形成的影响

以单糖、双糖和多糖等８种有机化合物为碳源，培养丝孢酵母ＳＴ８５１，结果发现该菌株在上述各种碳源中均生长良好，但只有在木糖和木聚糖碳源中培养时，才呈现β－木聚糖酶活性；该菌株所产生的β－木聚糖酶是诱导酶，木糖和木聚糖是良好的诱导物；麸皮和半纤维素可大幅度提高酶活力．在液体或固态培养中，酶活力可分别达到１４．４ＩＵ／ｍｌ和７３．６ＩＵ／ｇ曲．５－氟尿嘧啶和放线菌酮均对该酵母所产的β－木聚糖酶有强列抑制作用     

碳源对丝孢酵母（Trichosporon cuataneum ST851）生长…

以单糖，双糖和多糖等８种有机化合物为碳源，培养丝孢酵母ＳＴ８５１，结果发现该菌株在上述各种碳源中的均生长良好，但只有在木糖和木聚糖碳源中培养时，才呈现β－木聚糖活性，该菌株所产生的β－木聚糖酶是诱导酶，木糖和木聚糖是良好的诱导物，麸皮和半纤维素可大幅主提高酶活力，在液体或固态培养中，酶活力可分别达到１４．４ＩＵ／ｍｌ和７３．６ＩＵ／ｇ曲，５－氟尿嘧啶和放线菌酮均对该酵母所产的β－木聚糖酶有强列抑抽     

不同碳源条件下里氏木霉纤维降解酶的蛋白组解析

用双向电泳研究里氏木霉在4种 碳源条件下分泌组中纤维降解酶的分布情况。结果表明:在以甘油或葡萄糖为碳源时仅CBHⅡ、AxeI和BXL 3种纤维降解酶有微量表达。在以纤 维二糖为碳源时检测到较高表达水平的CBHⅠ、CBHⅡ、EGⅠ、EGⅢ、BXL、AxeⅠ和AglⅠ。纤维素纸浆可诱导CBHⅠ、CBHⅡ、EGⅠ、EGⅡ、EGⅢ 、EGⅣ、ManⅠ、ManⅡ、AxeⅠ、BXL和AglⅠ等11种纤维降解酶的大量表达,表达量总和占总分泌组的61％。纤维素诱导的纤维降解酶组分情况 和纤维二糖条件相似,但表达量和酶活性都有显著上升。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to