生长抑素对胰岛素分泌的调控机制研究

生长抑素(Somatostatins,SST)对胰腺β细胞胰岛素的分泌有重要的调节作用,这一调节作用与细胞内钙离子浓度变化相偶联.以大鼠胰腺β细胞为研究对象,采用显微荧光测钙技术和膜片钳技术,研究了胞外SST对胞内钙离子信号的影响,初步探讨了其作用机制.结果表明:在细胞外液有钙时,胞外SST可减少由去极化产生的胞外钙离子内流;而在细胞外液无钙时,胞外SST通过动员胞内钙库释放而引起胞浆内钙离子浓度显著增高,并触发胰岛素的分泌.     

甜菜碱通过钙通道升高鼠脾淋巴细胞内[Ca^2＋]i研究

研究甜菜碱对小鼠脾淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度的变化及相关钙通道的研究．应用激光共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）测小鼠脾淋巴细胞内钙浓度的变化，应用不同钙通道阻滞剂研究甜菜碱影响细胞内钙浓度变化途径．对终浓度4mmol／L甜菜碱作用淋巴细胞不同时间的细胞内钙离子浓度值分析表明：甜菜碱可以使淋巴细胞内Ca^2＋浓度升高，6h后效果最明显；对加入不同阻滞剂细胞内钙离子浓度变化分析表明：钙通道及蛋白阻滞剂硝苯地平、地尔硫卓、咪贝地尔、金雀异黄素对甜菜碱升高淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度没有影响；维拉帕米、新霉素、肝素、普鲁卡因能阻断甜菜碱对淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度的升高作用．由此可知：细胞内钙离子浓度升高主要通过以下途径：在G蛋白介导下通过影响L-型电压门控钙通道的仅。亚单位而引起外钙内流；通过影响胞内钙库的ILR钙通道和RyR钙通道而引起内钙外排．其共同引起胞质钙离子浓度增加．     

KCl对Hepa1-6细胞胞内钙离子浓度影响的研究

目的：分析Ka是否会引起Hepal-6细胞胞内钙离子浓度的升高,并解释相关机理。方法：KCl的浓度和负载时间可能会引起细胞内钙离子浓度的不同变化。采用比率荧光成像系统检测Hepal-6细胞的胞内钙离子浓度。结果：（1）在即时检测组中,与对照组相比,10、30、50mmol／L的Ka分别引起胞内钙离子浓度的显著升高（p〈0．05）,但各组别之间无显著差异。（2）在0．5h延迟检测组中,与对照组相比,10、30、50mmol／L的KCl分别引起胞内钙离子浓度的显著升高（p〈0．05）并且各组别之间无显著差异。此外,即时检测组与延迟检测组的结果没有显著差异。结论：10mmol／L的KCl足以引起Hepal-6细胞胞内钙离子浓度即时的显著上升。无论在即时检测组还是0．5h延迟检测组,各组别之间无显著差异。这表明当胞内的钙离子浓度上升到一定值,Ka对于胞内钙离子浓度的影响不会随其浓度的变化而发生改变。     

南方红豆杉细胞培养中紫杉醇代谢调节的研究

对南方红豆杉悬浮培养细胞的生长动力学和紫杉烷类物质积累的动力学进行了探讨．紫杉醇合成途径中由巴卡亭Ⅲ生成紫杉醇的反应是受阻的．加入pH稳定剂MES可以减少巴卡亭Ⅲ向胞外的分泌，提高了紫杉醇总量和在细胞内的积累．     

ATP对胞内钙信号的调控机制研究

以大鼠胰腺β细胞和INS-1β细胞系为研究对象,采用显微荧光测钙技术,研究了胞外ATP对胞内Ca^2＋信号的影响,初步探讨了其作用机制．实验表明：胞外ATP能够分别使大鼠胰腺β细胞和INS-1细胞内的游离Ca^2＋浓度显著升高,但2种细胞的钙信号来源不同．在大鼠胰腺β细胞中,胞外ATP主要通过动员胞内钙库释放而引起胞浆内Ca^2＋浓度显著增高;而在INS-1细胞内,胞外ATP主要通过引起胞外Ca^2＋内流而引起胞浆内Ca^2＋浓度增加．     

电磁场对胞内钙振荡的影响

目的 研究细胞钙振荡的周期与IP3受体浓度的关系以及外加电磁场对细胞钙振荡的影响.方法 从单个肝细胞内钙离子振荡的动力学模型出发,以细胞膜上IP3受体浓度作为作用因子,数值分析电磁场频率对胞内钙离子浓度的影响.结果 给出了胞浆内钙离子浓度随时间变化的关系.结论 钙振荡的周期与IP3受体的浓度成非线性关系,外加电磁场频率影响胞内钙振荡的周期.     

异三聚体G蛋白参与调节花粉细胞内钙离子浓度

利用激光共聚焦显微镜测定了川百合(Lilium daviddi)花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度,研究了细胞质膜上异三聚体G蛋白激活剂和抑制剂对花粉细胞内钙离子浓度的影响以及G蛋白激活后钙信号产生的可能途径.结果表明异三聚体G蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素(CTX)可以明显提高细胞内钙离子水平,产生带有一定时空特征的钙信号,而其抑制剂百日咳毒素(PTX)则显著降低细胞内钙离子水平;L型钙通道阻断剂异搏定和IP 3 受体抑制剂肝素都可以明显抑制霍乱毒素引起的钙离子水平升高.由此推断,异三聚体G蛋白可能在花粉细胞内钙离子水平调控过程中发挥重要调节作用,它有可能是通过促进细胞外钙离子内流和细胞内钙库释放两条途径起作用的.     

根外追肥对南方红豆杉二年生实生苗生长的影响

对南方红豆杉二年生实生苗采用磷酸氢钾铵、光合微肥、复合肥三种肥料进行根外追肥试验。试验结果表明,根外追施对南方红豆杉苗的苗高、地径及侧枝生长都有明显的促进生长作用,其追肥后平均高达２６～３０ｃｍ,地径４．２～５．２ｍ,侧枝数８～１１条,侧枝长度１４～１８ｃｍ,显著高于对照。根外追肥可以解除红豆杉苗６～７月间的生长暂停状态;说明根外追肥是促进红豆杉速生丰产的有效途径之一。结果还表明,不同肥料在苗木生长的不同时期,其增产效果存在明显差异,这与苗木生长在不同时期对营养元素的吸收量和需要量有关。     

钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病患者过程中细胞内外钙调素水平的变化

从分子水平研究钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病的机制。用反转录聚合酶链反应法测定淋巴细胞内钙调素（ＣａＭ）基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平以及用ＲＩＡ法测定细胞外（即血清）ＣａＭ浓度,借以观察在用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内外ＣａＭ水平的改变。发现随着正规服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间的延长,高血压患者淋巴细胞内ＣａＭ基因ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平亦受到抑制。服用钙拮抗剂时间长于３个月者,ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而治疗时间在１个月之内者,ＣａＭ基因的转录水平无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对于细胞外ＣａＭ的水平,在服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间＜１个月者,血清ＣａＭ浓度下降,而长期服用钙拮抗剂的患者则相对增高,但均无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在用钙拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内和细胞外ＣａＭ的水平均发生变化。用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病长于３个月者,细胞内ＣａＭ基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平明显受到抑制,而细胞外ＣａＭ浓度则无论服用钙离子拮抗剂时间长短,变化均不显著     

头孢噻肟对人外周血淋巴细胞钙信号转导作用的研究

以人外周血淋巴细胞为模型,利用稳态荧光法研究该模型在外源药物头孢噻肟刺激下,细胞钙稳态的变化,同时考察了钙-ATP酶活性与钙稳态之间的关系.研究发现,在低浓度组的头孢噻肟钠(0.005 g/L)刺激下,淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度略有增加,而胞外的钙离子浓度几乎没有发生变化.当药物浓度继续增加,胞内钙离子浓度逐渐减少,药物浓度与胞内钙离子浓度呈现出一定的剂量效应关系.不同药物处理组的钙-ATP酶活性与对照组相比均降低,呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系.     

咖啡因对大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞钙信号调节作用

在单个大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞上，采用钙显微荧光测量方法，测量了咖啡因对胞内游离钙浓度的影响．实验结果表明，在２Ｃａ２＋外液中，咖啡因（１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对细胞的自发振荡表现出明显的抑制作用；对不表现自发振荡的细胞，咖啡因能引起钙浓度的升高或钙振荡．在无外钙条件下研究连续咖啡因刺激引起的钙浓度变化，发现胞内钙库易排空，但随后的含钙咖啡因刺激仍可引起钙升高．同时，在无外钙条件下施加咖啡因可检测到激素的分泌，表明由咖啡因导致的钙库释放可以独立地触发分泌     

磷酸三丁酯固一液萃取分离稀土元素的研究

以切片石蜡为溶剂，用固—液萃取法研究了HNO3介质中TBP－NH4SCN对稀土元素的萃取行为，考察了几种因素对萃取率的影响。结果表明：在[TBP]=2．4mol·L-1，[NH4SCN]＝37mol．L－1时，各稀土元素的分配比D均大于14，将该体系用于矿样中稀土总量分离，回收率达90．5～91．6％。     

异丙嗪对下丘脑细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的：观察异丙嗪（ｐｒｏｍｅｔｈａｚｉｎｅ,ＰＭＺ）对下丘脑细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的影响。方法：以酶法制备家兔下丘脑细胞悬液,运用钙指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ作为细胞内游离钙的荧光探针测定下丘脑细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。结果：１）ＰＭＺ（０４６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）使下丘脑［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ显著升高,且在一定的剂量范围内呈量效关系。２）事先向细胞悬液中加入钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米可明显抑制ＰＭＺ诱导的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高,但不能完全阻断ＰＭＺ的这种作用。结论：上述结果提示ＰＭＺ可引起下丘脑［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高,钙通道开放导致细胞外钙内流是ＰＭＺ引起下丘脑［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的机制之一。     

Ca2+ signals induced from calcium stores in pancreatic islet β cells

In single rat pancreatic β cells,using fura-2 microfluorometry to measure [Ca2+]i response upon different stimuli,the ways of calcium regulation have been studied.When the extracellular calcium concentration was 2.5 mmol/L,either 60 mmol/L KCl,20 mmol/L D-glucose or 0.1 mmol/L tolbutamide induced increase in [Ca2+]i.Such increase in [Ca2+]i was absent when the same stimuli were applied under zero extracellular calcium.These results indicate that the increase of [Ca2+]i is induced by the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in β cells.The manifold forms of [Ca2+]i change induced by glucose imply that the effects of glucose are complex.5 mmol/L caffeine or 5 mmol/L MCh increase the [Ca2+]i ,which is independent of the external calcium,suggesting that [Ca2+]i can be regulated by Ca2+ release from not only the IP3-sensitive but also the ryanodine sensitive calcium stores in β cells.The latency of Ca responses for IP3 pathway (5 s) is faster than that for ryanodine pathway (30 s).It is concluded that there are multiple calcium stores in rat pancreatic β cells.     

知柏地黄丸浸液对大鼠嗜铬细胞内钙的作用

运用Fura-2显微荧光测量技术,在单个大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞上,测量中药知柏地黄丸浸液对胞内游离钙浓度([Ca     

Antigen-dependent increase in cytosolic free calcium in specific human T-lymphocyte clones

Calcium has been implicated as an intracellular messenger in the cellular response to various external stimuli. Exposure of lymphocytes to various mitogens and lectins results in rapid transmembrane calcium fluxes and increased cytoplasmic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). It is not clear, however, whether the mechanisms by which these non-physiological stimuli activate cells are related to those involved in antigen-specific activation. We have now used antigen-specific T-cell clones to study changes in [Ca2+]i associated with specific activation and show here that these cells respond specifically in the presence of antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APC) with increased [Ca2+]i and that this increased [Ca2+]i shows the same genetic restrictions as are seen in the proliferation assay. The kinetics of the [Ca2+]i response to antigen indicate that antigen undergoes a time-dependent processing step as a prerequisite for recognition by T cells, as has been shown for T-cell proliferative responses, but that the [Ca2+]i response to processed antigen is extremely rapid. The close correlation between changes in [Ca2+]i and cell activation resulting in proliferation suggests that Ca2+ may act as an intracellular messenger in antigen-specific responses.     

两种金属离子[Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)]——螯合剂缓冲体系中自由[Ca~(2+)]的计算

在一种金属离子[Ca2+ ]及两种金属离子[Ca2+ ,Mg2+ ]螯合剂缓冲体系中总[Ca2+ ]t 的计算工作基础上,进行了含有两种金属离子[Ca2+ ,Mg2+ ]——螯合剂缓冲体系中自由钙[Ca2+ ]的计算研究.特别是利用微机给出了简单计算公式,编制了计算程序;并给出部分常用数据.只要在所需pH 值、温度、[EDTA]t 或[EGTA]t 浓度条件下,根据实验要求,由[Ca2+ ]t 和[Mg2+ ]t 就可以求出自由[Ca2+ ].     

Vanadate inhibits uncoupled Ca efflux but not Na--Ca exchange in squid axons.

Nerve cells can maintain a very low intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) against large Ca2+ electrochemical gradients (see ref. 1 for review). The properties of the calcium efflux from these cells depend on [Ca2+]i (ref. 2), and within the physiological range, most Ca efflux depends on ATP (which stimulates with high affinity) and is insensitive to Na1, Na0 and Ca0 (uncoupled Ca efflux). When the [Ca2+]i is well above the physiological range, Ca efflux becomes only partially dependent on ATP (acting now with low affinity), is inhibited by Nai and is stimulated by Na0 and Ca0 (Na--Ca exchange). Orthovanadate, a powerful inhibitor of the (Na+ + K+)ATPase and the Na pump, also inhibits the Ca-stimulated ATPase activity, which is the enzymatic basis for the uncoupled Ca pump, in human red cells. The experiments reported here show that in squid axons the ATP-dependent uncoupled Ca efflux can be fully and reversibly inhibited by vanadate, whereas concentrations of vanadate 10 times higher have no effect on the Na--Ca exchange. This is another indication that the uncoupled Ca efflux represents an ATP-driven Ca pump, and supports the suggestion that the uncoupled Ca efflux and Na--Ca exchange are mediated by different mechanisms.     

Ebselen 抑制 ONOO~- 对神经元[Ca~(2+)]_i 的影响

Ｆｕｒａ－２显微荧光测钙技术研究发现,过氧亚硝基阴离子（ＯＮＯＯ－）作用于ＭＮ９Ｄ细胞,数ｓ内即可导致其胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的急剧升高．胞外液换为无钙液或向胞外液中加入硝苯吡啶（Ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐ－ｉｎｅ）、二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）均可抑制ＯＮＯＯ－对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响,提示Ｌ－型钙通道的激活是ＯＮＯＯ－引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的主要原因,ＯＮＯＯ－的这种作用可能与其氧化特性有关．Ｅｂｓｅｌｅｎ（２－苯基－１,２－苯并异硒唑－３（２Ｈ）酮）明显抑制ＯＮＯＯ－对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响,并且存在一定的剂量效应关系．     

Ca2+ signals induced from calcium stores in pancreatic islet β cells

In single rat pancreatic β cells, using fura-2 microfluorometry to measure [Ca²⁺]i response upon different stimuli, the ways of calcium regulation have been studied. When the extracellular calcium concentration was 2.5 mmol/L, either 60 mmol/L KCl, 20 mmol/L D-glucose or 0.1 mmol/L tolbutamide induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i. Such increase in [Ca²⁺]i was absent when the same stimuli were applied under zero extracellular calcium. These results indicate that the increase of [Ca²⁺]i is induced by the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in β cells. The manifold forms of [Ca²⁺]i change induced by glucose imply that the effects of glucose are complex. 5 mmol/L caffeine or 5 mmol/L MCh increase the [Ca²⁺]i, which is independent of the external calcium, suggesting that [Ca²⁺]i can be regulated by Ca²⁺ release from not only the IP₃-sensitive but also the ryanodine sensitive calcium stores in β cells. The latency of Ca responses for IP₃ pathway (5 s) is faster than that for ryanodine pathway (30 s). It is concluded that there are multiple calcium stores in rat pancreatic β cells.