Stieltjes积分的产生和发展

在1884年，当斯蒂尔杰斯研究高斯关于某种定积分的近似计算公式时，惊讶地发现连分数与定积分之间的某种奇妙关系．他花费10年时间终于探明这一事实的一般性：他把力学中矩问题与源于积分的“自然”连分数联系起来，建立了一种新的积分——Stjelties-积分（以下简称为S-积分），完成了对R-积分的第一次推广．几乎同时，匈牙利数学家柯尼克在研究R-积分第二中值定理时，在不经意之中推广了S-积分．又过了大约10年，匈牙利数学家里斯利用S-积分提供了有限区间上的连续函数空间中的线性泛函的一般表示形式．在20世纪第2个10年中，许多数学家都在推广并应用这种积分．人们发现，S-积分与许多数学分支都有着非常广泛的联系，对许多理论和实际问题的解决都是十分有效的．这里作者主要讨论S-积分的产生、发展和应用，努力遵循理论发展与应用需要这两每线索，尝试从数学思想史的角度采展开讨论．     

Fuzzy测度与积分理论

自1965年美国数学家L.A.Zadeh教授提出Fuzzy集合论以来,这个理论在国际上已引起极大的注意,并已渗透到许多重要的数学领域,形成诸如模糊拓朴、模糊积分、模糊逻辑、模糊系统、模糊图论、模糊语言、模糊程序……新的数学分枝,特别是在许多应用数学领域,为我们处理人类行为的许多复杂问题提供了一个有力的工具.1972年,日本应用数学家M.Sugeno首创了一种集合函数(Fuzzy测度)和一种泛函(Fuzzy积分)的理论,并将此理论应用于具有Fuzzy判据的某些Fuzzy现象的宏     

Polya计数定理及其若干性质

G·Polya是美籍匈牙利数学家、教育家。他在数学的广泛领域里都有许多发现,又热心于教育,1980年被邀请担任第四次国际数学教育会议的名誉主席。他一生中发表过二百多篇论文和许多专著,其作品清晰优美,方法灵巧独特。被人们誉为“Polya的风格”、“Polya的方法”……。Polya早在1937年就对树的计数和化合物的同分异构体的枚举问题进行研究,他巧     

一类非连续函数积分不等式中未知函数的估计

由于Gronwall类积分不等式是研究微分方程和积分方程解的存在性、有界性、唯一性、稳定性和不变流型等定性性质的重要工具,许多数学家研究了Gronwall类积分不等式的各种推广形式及其应用.随着积分不等式理论和脉冲微分方程理论的发展,人们又开始研究非连续函数积分不等式.使用分析技巧和数学归纳法给出了一类非连续函数积分不等式中未知函数的估计,可以用所得结果研究文献(Nonlinear Anal.,2007,66:498-508.)中的非连续函数不等式,把所得结果用于研究脉冲微分方程解的上界.     

从微积分发展史试论数学的发展规律

<正>微积分是由牛顿与莱布尼兹在研究物理与几何问题时创立的,但数学家们的兴趣不在于作为实际问题的原型,N—L创立的微积分在数学上还缺乏理论,直到十九世纪,法国数学家柯西给出了连续函数积分的明确定     

Bellman—Bihari积出不等式的某些推广

<正> 由Bellman〔1,P.31〕所得到的不等式出现之后,许多数学家都致力于进一步推广这一不等式,和在数学系统的分析中应用这些不等式.Chandra和Fleishman〔3〕最近的论文给出了这一不等式的各种推广的综合文献目录.这种形式的不等式,特殊地支配着常微分方程和偏微分方程的研究.本文的目的在于得到Bellman—Bihari型积分不等式〔1,2〕的某些进一步推广.     

函数单向S-粗集生成的F-粗积分

函数单向S-粗集中的上近似与下近似均可看作是一个R-函数等价类,他们生成的函数如果在一闭区间上连续,则在该区间存在积分,这样就得到一个积分对,称这个积分对是函数单向S-粗集生成的F-粗积分。F-粗积分是普通积分的推广,而且它具有动态特性,也有一些良好的性质,为解决实际问题提供了一个方便有效的工具。     

函数单向S-粗集对偶生成的F-粗积分

单向函数S-粗集对偶中的上近似与下近似均可以看作是一个R-函数等价类，他们生成的函数如果在一闭区间上连续，则在该区间存在积分，这样就得到一个积分对，称这个积分对是单向函数S-粗集对偶生成的F-粗积分．F-粗积分是普通积分的推广，而且它具有动态特性和良好的性质，为解决实际问题提供了一个方便有效的工具．     

李理论基础

所谓李理论,就是研究李群、李代数及其推广的一个数学分支。按照布尔巴基学派的主笔Dieudonne的说法,“李群是数学的中心,没有它什么也办不成”。它与所有的数学分支均有联系：代数、分析、代数几何、微分几何、拓扑学、数论均包括在内。而且它有着各方面的应用：物理学、化学甚至经济学。李群、李代数的李,是挪威数学家Lie,他在19世纪后期创立了李群理论。此后,李理论一直在数学中占有重要地位。20世纪70年代后,大学数学系大都开设有关李理论的课程。     

Abel求和公式与定积分分部积分公式间的关系

通过深入了解Abel分部求和公式的几何意义,利用级数与无穷积分间的联系,分析它与定积分存在某种联系。得到由Abel分部求和公式可以推导出定积分分部积分公式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.