气流阻力负荷对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者流速容量曲线的影响

探讨加用气流阻力负荷（ＦＲＬ） 状态下流速容量（ＦＶ） 曲线检查对初检ＯＳＡ 患者的意义对象为２４ 名健康成年男性及２１ 例男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ） 患者经整夜多导睡眠仪检查诊断或排除ＯＳＡ模拟实验结果发现只有同时加上可陷闭管及ＦＲＬ 时,才出现显著吸气气流受限无ＦＲＬ时,ＦＶ 曲线（ 以ＦＥＦ５０／ＦＩＦ５０ 比值大于１ 为指标） 检查发现ＯＳＡ的敏感性和特异性分别为３３ ．３ ％ 和９１ ．６ ％ ,阳性预测率为６３ ．６ ％ 加用ＦＲＬ 时敏感性为７６ ．２ ％ ,特异性为７５ ％ ,阳性预测率为７２ ．２ ％ 吸、呼气相峰值流速比值及中期峰值流速比值与ＯＳＡ 严重呈显著相关联合应用加ＦＲＬ及常规ＦＬ曲线检查可能对ＯＳＡ 患者初筛有较高价值     

炎症介质（PAF）致变应性鼻炎血小板聚集的研究

血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）是一强烈的血小板致聚剂,它作为一种重要的炎症介质参与了变态反应和炎症反应。血小板活化、聚集、释放介质在变应性疾病中发挥了重要作用。为了解变应性鼻炎患者血小板活化程度及与血清免疫球蛋白的关系,测定了变应性鼻炎患者（５６例）、正常人（５０例）的ＰＡＦ、ＡＤＰ致血小板聚集率及血清ＩｇＥ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ和ＩｇＭ水平,结果显示变应性鼻炎患者的ＰＡＦ致小板聚集率为５４３４±２３１８,正常人为３９７２±１８０３,变应性鼻炎组较正常人明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且与血清ＩｇＥ水平呈正相关（Ｐ＜００５）。表明变应性鼻炎患者血小板活化程度增加,与ＰＡＦ及血清ＩｇＥ水平增高有关。提示应用ＰＡＦ拮抗剂、血小板活化抑制剂可能是治疗变应性鼻炎的新途径     

炎症介质(PAF)致变应性鼻炎血小板聚集的研究

为了解变应性鼻炎患者血小板活化程度及与血清免疫球蛋白的关系,我们测定了变应性鼻炎患者（５６例）、正常人（５０例）的血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）、ＡＤＰ致血小板聚集率及血清ＩｇＥ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ水平,结果显示,变应性鼻炎患者ＰＡＦ致血小板聚集率为５４．３４±２３．１８,正常人为３９．７２±１８．０３,变应性鼻炎组较正常人明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且与血清ＩｇＥ水平呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明变应性鼻炎患者血小板活化程度增加,与ＰＡＦ及血清ＩｇＥ水平增高有关。提示应用ＰＡＦ拮抗剂、血小板活化抑制剂可能是治疗变应性鼻炎的新途径。     

在HBV和(或)AFB1诱发树鼩肝癌过程中肝组织ras癌基因的表达

为了解在人乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）和／或黄曲霉毒素（ＡＦＢ１）诱发树Ｑｕ肝癌过程中Ｐ＾２１在肝组织的表达情况,用免疫组化方法观察人ＨＢＶ＋ＡＦＢ１双因素组（Ａ组）、单因素ＨＢＶ组（Ｂ组）、单因素ＡＦＢ１组（Ｃ组）、及对照组（Ｄ组）实验第４４周、１０５周、１１９周动物肝活检组织Ｐ＾２１蛋白的表达情况。结果,至１１９周,累计肝组织Ｐ＾２１阳性动物百分率分别为３５．３、５．３、１３．３、０。表明人ＨＢＶ与     

犬冠状动脉周期性血流减少时冠状窦内血浆TXB_2及6-K-PGF_(1α)升高的意义

目的：观察冠状动脉（冠脉）发生周期性血流减少（ＣＦＲｓ）时血栓烷Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）及前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的变化及意义。方法：犬剖胸分离出２～３ｃｍ长的冠脉前降支（ＬＡＤ）,用血管钳钳夹方法损伤冠脉内膜后放置血管缩窄环,使冠脉达临界狭窄。缩窄环近端置电磁流量计,诱发ＣＦＲｓ,在ＣＦＲｓ出现前及ＣＦＲｓ出现后４０ｍｉｎ冠状窦内采血,用放免法测ＴＸＡ２及ＰＧＩ２的代谢产物ＴＸＢ２及６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α。结果：ＣＦＲｓ出现４０ｍｉｎ后,ＴＸＢ２及６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）（ＴＸＢ２从７５．６２±４８．８７ｎｇ／Ｌ升至１０９．２２±４５．９９ｎｇ／Ｌ;６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α从１６．１４±９．２８ｎｇ／Ｌ升至３５．５７±１７．２１ｎｇ／Ｌ）。结论：发生ＣＦＲｓ时,血管内皮细胞分泌的６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α随血小板分泌的ＴＸＢ２一同显著升高,其机理可能是血管内皮细胞的一种应激性反应。     

儿茶酚胺在心室颤动发生上的作用及与环核苷酸的关系

用乙醛酸诱发荧光及放射免疫分析法进一步研究，氯仿诱发小鼠心室颤动（ＶＦ）是由于内源性儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）快速释放和利血平可防止ＶＦ的发生．实验结果表明：快速吸入氯仿引起小鼠心室及肾上腺ＣＡ释放而致颤，因此，单独耗竭心室ＣＡ或摘除肾上腺均不能防止ＶＦ的发生．利血平防颤与它耗竭ＣＡ，提高心室ｃＧＭＰ水平和降低ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值有关．提示：ＣＡ参与ＶＦ发生可能与环核苷酸水平有关；利血平耗竭ＣＡ，也影响ｃＧＭＰ水平．     

气流阻力负荷对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者流速容量曲线的影响

探讨加用气流阻力负荷（ＦＲＬ）状态下流速－容量（Ｆ－Ｖ）曲线检查对初检ＯＳＡ患者的意义。对象为２４名健康成年男性及２１例男性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ）患者。经整夜多导睡眠仪检查诊断或排除ＯＳＡ。模拟实验结果发现只有同时加上可陷闭管及ＦＲＬ时，才出现显著吸气气流受限。无ＦＲＬ时，Ｆ－Ｖ曲线（以ＦＥＦ５０／ＦＩＦ５０比值大于１为指标）检查发现ＯＳＡ的敏感性和特异性分别为３３．３％和９１．６％，阳性预     

NO样舒张因子和内皮素在急性缺氧肺动脉高压中的作用

在大鼠急性缺氧肺动脉高压模型、离体灌流肺动脉环模型及培养的牛肺动脉内皮细胞探讨ＮＯ样舒张因子（ＮＯ－ＬＲＦ）和内皮素（ＥＴ）在急性缺氧肺动脉高压中的作用。结果发现：ＮＯ合成前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｖ）可有效降低急性缺氧肺动脉高压的幅度；在内皮完整血管环加入ＮＯ合成抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＮＡ（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＮＯ合成前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别升高（＋８０％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和降低（－３５％，Ｐ＜０．０５）缺氧肺动脉收缩幅度，给予硝酸甘油（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）直接补充ＮＯ可降低缺氧肺动脉收缩幅度；此效应可被可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝部分逆转；内皮素抗血清或内皮素Ａ受体结抗剂ＢＱ１２３对急性缺氧肺动脉高压及缺氧肺动脉收缩没有明显影响；Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印渍杂交技术显示缺氧使培养的牛肺动脉内皮细胞ＮＯ合成酶（ＮＯＳ）基因表达明显受抑乃至缺失．结果提示：缺氧时ＮＯＳ基因表达受抑及ＮＯ－ＬＲＦ合成释放降低可能是急性缺氧肺动脉高压的发生机制之一，内皮素不起主要作用．     

乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播问题探讨

探讨乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染及乳汁感染的母婴传播问题,用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对７５例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性产妇初乳及其新生儿外周血进行ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ的检测;同时应用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定产妇初乳中乙肝病毒５项标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）。结果为１）１７５例初乳中ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率为６８％,高于同组新生儿外周血ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率３４．６７％,有显性差（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＨＢＶＭ三项阳性各组二埂有显性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）．２）ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性初乳及新生儿外周血ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率均量高,与ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｃ比较,有显性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１,Ｐ〈０．０５）。表明初乳排毒率高于内传染率,母婴传播率与母血中ＨＢＶＭ传染性呈正相关。     

细胞保护性药物对大鼠心肌再灌性心律失常的影响

心肌缺血后再灌可导致严重的心律失常，本比较了山莨菪碱和Ｕ－６３５５７Ａ（血栓素Ａ２合成酶抑制剂）对再灌注后心律失常的作用。结果显示山莨菪碱和可显缩短室性心动过速（ＶＴ）和室颤（ＶＦ）的持续时间，降低心律失常的发生率和动物死亡率；Ｕ－６３５５ＵＡ仅使ＶＴ和ＶＦ的持续时间明显缩短，本提示山莨菪碱和Ｕ－６３５５７Ａ可不同程度对再灌后心肌细胞起着保护作用而减轻心律失常。     

Proliferation and differentiation into endothelial cells of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） on poly DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid （PLGA） films

Autologous, allograft and synthetic vessels currently used in clinical vessel replacement have many defi- ciencies, especially in the area of small caliber vessel replacement. The supply of autologous arteries or veins may not be sufficient or suitable fo…     

水溶性海星皂苷的分离纯化及其抗肿瘤活性研究

为利用废弃海星壳资源开发出纯天然抗肿瘤药物,通过AB-8型吸附树脂、常压硅胶与Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶的柱层析技术,从罗氏海盘车(Asterias rollestoni Bell)壳的水抽提液中分离纯化出水溶性海星皂苷,并对其体内外抑瘤活性进行了研究。分离纯化与性质鉴定的结果显示,所得水溶性海星皂苷的性质隶属于甾体皂苷,其纯化样品的纯度可高达99.6％;体外抑瘤活性检测结果证实,所得皂苷纯品对HeLa宫颈癌细胞、SGC-7901胃癌细胞、A-549肺癌细胞和Bel 7402肝癌细胞均具有显著的抑制活性。50mg／L皂苷对这4种癌细胞的抑制率分别为(92.06±2.60)％、(95.22±2.87)％、(95.04±3.30)％和(91。60±4。30)％,其IC50值分别为7.05、5.28、5.32、6.16mg／L。体内抑瘤活性检测结果证实,灌胃剂量为2、 5、 10μg／g的皂苷纯品对S180实体瘤荷瘤小鼠均具有显著的抑制活性,并具有浓度依赖性,10μg／g皂苷纯品的抑瘤率可高达46.27％,高于10μg／g抗肿瘤药物环磷酰胺(CTX)的抑瘤率(41.04％);同时,2、 5、 10μg／g的皂苷纯品还均能浓度依赖性地显著提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。     

Tumour vascularization via endothelial differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells

Glioblastoma is a highly angiogenetic malignancy, the neoformed vessels of which are thought to arise by sprouting of pre-existing brain capillaries. The recent demonstration that a population of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) maintains glioblastomas indicates that the progeny of these cells may not be confined to the neural lineage. Normal neural stem cells are able to differentiate into functional endothelial cells. The connection between neural stem cells and the endothelial compartment seems to be critical in glioblastoma, where cancer stem cells closely interact with the vascular niche and promote angiogenesis through the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-derived factor 1 (refs 5-9). Here we show that a variable number (range 20-90%, mean 60.7%) of endothelial cells in glioblastoma carry the same genomic alteration as tumour cells, indicating that a significant portion of the vascular endothelium has a neoplastic origin. The vascular endothelium contained a subset of tumorigenic cells that produced highly vascularized anaplastic tumours with areas of vasculogenic mimicry in immunocompromised mice. In vitro culture of GSCs in endothelial conditions generated progeny with phenotypic and functional features of endothelial cells. Likewise, orthotopic or subcutaneous injection of GSCs in immunocompromised mice produced tumour xenografts, the vessels of which were primarily composed of human endothelial cells. Selective targeting of endothelial cells generated by GSCs in mouse xenografts resulted in tumour reduction and degeneration, indicating the functional relevance of the GSC-derived endothelial vessels. These findings describe a new mechanism for tumour vasculogenesis and may explain the presence of cancer-derived endothelial-like cells in several malignancies.     

利用成体干细胞体外小口径血管的构建

设计了一套血管生物反应器系统,采用有限元的方法对组织工程小血管托架材料进行了分析,从而开发完成了一套用于构建直径为2 mm的小血管托架;通过收集人的原代骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSCs)和脂肪基质干细胞(ADSCs)进行体外扩增和培养,并选用第3代细胞与聚羟基乙酸酯(PGA)复合后置于血管生物反应器中动态培养;在生物反应器中动态培养4周后,对材料复合物进行取材,分别进行大体观察、HE染色和扫描电镜等指标检测.结果表明:血管色泽明亮,有一定的弹性,细胞分泌的胶原基质排列较规则,免疫组化结果表明血管含有平滑肌弹性肌动蛋白的成分.说明改进的血管生物反应器能模拟血管的力学环境,并能利用人骨髓间充质干细胞扣脂肪基质干细胞成功构建组织工程小血管组织.     

长柱金丝桃种子萌发特性

通过对比试验,研究温度,光照,酸、碱、盐胁迫等不同处理对长柱金丝桃种子萌发的影响.结果表明:光照可以促进种子萌发;不同温度处理对长柱金丝桃种子萌发影响显著,20℃下发芽率最高;浓度25 mmol/L的Na2CO3处理和p H为5.0,5.4的低温层积处理可明显提高种子发芽率;盐胁迫下种子能够萌发,但发芽率随盐浓度的提高而降低;碱胁迫下可以促进种子萌发,发芽率随着碱浓度的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势,浓度10 mmol/L Na2CO3下发芽率最高达74%;酸胁迫下能够萌发,发芽率随p H的降低逐渐升高,在p H为4.6下发芽率达到72%.     

Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis

Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, but also nourish diseases such as cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) has increased at an explosive rate and has led to the approval of anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer and eye diseases. So far, hundreds of thousands of patients have benefited from blockers of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, but limited efficacy and resistance remain outstanding problems. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown new molecular targets and principles, which may provide avenues for improving the therapeutic benefit from anti-angiogenic strategies.     

不同培养基对山羊毛囊体外培养的影响研究

为得到1种简捷而适宜的山羊毛囊体外培养方法,采用3因子3水平的拉丁方正交试验设计(L9(34))方法,对比研究了无血清的Williams E培养基、无血清的DMEM培养基和添加10％FCS(胎牛血清)的DMEM培养基,及其在3种培养基中分别添加0、2和10ng／mL 3种不同质量浓度的血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)时对毛囊体外培养的影响。将成年青山羊皮肤上的单根毛囊完整地分离出来,并同时平行培养在9种培养基中,借助于倒置显微镜和目镜测微尺随时不断地观察毛囊生长的形态变化和测量毛根的长度。结果发现:山羊游离毛囊在9种培养基中均能很好地生长;但以无血清的培养基和在Williams E培养基的效果最好;分别和同时添加2％～10％的VEGF和EGF时可加快毛囊的生长;添加10％FCS和不添加细胞生长因子时毛囊也能生长,但生长速度较慢。     

Progress in Research on the Role of Angiomotins in Cancer

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and its overall morbidity and mortality have been increasing every year. The growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are vital traits of malignancy causing extreme difficulties in therapeutic management. These behavioral characteristics of cancer are closely related to tumor angiogenesis. The argument was put forward that tumorigenesis depended on the formation of new blood vessels, which gained insight into a promising treatment strategy for cancer based on the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. To date, many new therapeutic strategies targeting tumor vessels are universally accepted and become a hotspot in oncology research. Angiomotin(Amot), encoded by Amot gene, is expressed predominantly in endothelial cells of capillaries as well as larger vessels of the placenta. During the formation of new blood vessels, Amot may play an inhibitory effect of angiostatin on tube formation and the migration of endothelial cells toward growth factors. In this review, we summarized the structure and function of Amot, and its mechanism and research progress in cancer.     

无细胞猪真皮的生物相容性评价

采用猪皮制备的无细胞真皮基质,在基质上接种血管内皮细胞(VEC),鼠成纤维细胞(3T3),在细胞水平检测其生物相容性.采用MTT法检测VEC、3T3在基质上增殖活力;将复合培养1周的VEC-真皮复合物作组织切片,光镜下观察细胞生长状况.结果发现VEC在无细胞猪真皮基质上增殖迅速,并已经形成单层细胞膜片,某些局部区域已形成2～3层细胞膜片.结果说明采用的无细胞猪真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性,该材料可能有广泛的应用前景.