二过碘酸合铜（Ⅲ）钾引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯在尼龙－1010上接枝共聚合反应的研究

本文以二过碘酸合铜（Ⅲ）钾（ＤＰＣ）为自由基引发剂，在尼龙－１０１０上引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚合反应，获得了具有一定接枝效率和接枝百分比的接枝共聚物。对接枝产物用红外光谱和Ｘ－射线衍射光谱进行了表征，测定了反应温度、ｐＨ值、单体用量和引发剂浓度对接枝参数的影响，探讨了该接枝共聚反应的引发机理。     

聚氨酯／环氧树脂接枝互穿网络聚合物制备和材料拉伸性能

以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）和２,４－甲苯二异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ）为原料,合成聚氨酯（ＰＵ）预聚体,与环氧树脂（ＥＰ）发生接枝反应,采用同步法制备接村互穿网络聚合物,用红外光谱分析接枝过程化学反应;研究了ｇｒａｆｔ－ＩＰＮｓ动态力学性能,结果表明ｇｒａｆｔ－ＩＰＮｓ的玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）高于一般同步法制得的普通互穿网络聚合物。这表明接枝结构使ＰＵ与ＥＰ之间产生更加紧密的网络互穿;研究了接枝结构、ＰＵ预聚体含量对     

熔融法聚丙烯蜡接枝聚乙二醇的研究

以马来酸酐作为反应单体,用熔融接枝的方法在聚丙烯蜡（PPW）上接枝马来酸酐,以其接枝产物为原料接枝聚乙二醇（PEG）合成PPW-g-PEG接枝共聚物.采用IR, DSC,TG对所得的聚合物进行表征,红外谱图分析证明聚丙烯蜡与马来酸酐发生了接枝反应,该中间体也成功与PEG发生了缩聚反应,TG检测表明该产物的热稳定性明显提高.酸值测试表明分子量为1000的PEG聚合物反应最完全,且该分子量的改性接枝物的熔点降低最多.     

聚甲基苯基硅氧烷改性双酚F环氧树脂及其粘接性能的研究

羟基封端聚甲基苯基硅氧烷与双酚F环氧树脂进行接枝聚合反应制备了有机硅改性环氧树脂,研究了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间对产物的影响.最佳反应条件是:催化剂为三苯基膦,反应温度为120～150℃,反应时间为7～9h.讨论了聚甲基苯基硅氧烷含量对改性环氧树脂粘结性能的影响.研究结果显示,改性环氧树脂耐高温粘接性能较双酚F环氧树脂明显提高,当聚甲基苯基硅氧烷与双酚F环氧树脂质量配比为1∶4时,制备的改性环氧树脂固化物经300℃12h后剪切强度仍可达到5.4 MPa,适于用作耐高温胶粘剂.并采用FT-IRTGA等手段对产物进行了表征.     

聚乳酸接枝乙烯基吡咯烷酮的初步研究

为改善聚（D,L－乳酸）（PDLLA）的亲水性,以过氧化二苯甲酰为引发剂,四氢呋喃为溶剂,进行了PDLLA接枝乙烯基吡咯烷酮（VP）的试验。IR和^1H NMR测试结果表明：PDLLA可与VP实现接枝反应,摩尔接枝率为1．0％－1．6％。与PDLLA相比,接枝产物的[η]值下降,但吸水率增加、接触角变小,亲水性有所改善。     

聚硅氧烷类侧链型液晶的合成与表征

合成了一种新的含介晶单元的烯烃单体，对－（4－烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基）苯甲酸对－甲氧基苯酚酯。将这种单体与聚甲基氢硅氧烷进行了硅氢化反应，合成了一种新的聚硅氧烷酯类液晶（PMMS）。用IR和^1H-NMR对合成产物的结构进行了表征，确证了聚合物液晶的梳形结构以及硅氢化反应的完全程度，发现这种PMMS含有13％的α－加成侧链。借助DSC曲线测出了它们的相变温度。     

THESYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CROSSLINKED GELATIN WITH HYDROPHILIC/ HYDROPHOBIC GRAFTS

以过硫酸钾（ＫＰＳ）－亚硫酸氢钠（ＮａＢＳ）为引发体系，甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）及甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）为接枝单体，制得了具有亲水性与疏水性接枝支链交联明胶．用红外光谱确证了产物结构．实验结果表明，当［ＫＰＳ］＝［ＮａＢＳ］＝６×１０－３Ｍ，［ＭＭＡ］＝６×１０－１Ｍ，Ｇｅｌｘ－ｇ－ＰＭＡＡ＝４ｇ，ＳＬ＝４１００，６０℃反应５小时，接枝率Ｇ％及接枝效率Ｅ％均出现最大值．研究了此类两亲性接枝交联明胶的溶胀行为．     

铈盐引发丙烯酰胺在棉纤维上接枝共聚合反应的研究

采用铈（Ⅳ）盐－棉氧化还原体系引发丙烯酰胺在天然纤维素纤维上接枝共聚，探讨了酸预处理和接枝反应条件对产物平衡接枝率的影响及接枝共聚机理．ＩＲ表征产物具有预期的结构     

壳聚糖接枝聚乙烯亚胺的合成与表征

用一种简单有效的方法合成了稳定的壳聚糖接枝聚乙烯亚胺接枝共聚物（CHI—g—PEI）,首先利用高碘酸盐对壳聚糖进行氧化,合成含醛基的壳聚糖;然后利用PEI上的氨基与醛基的席夫碱反应进行接枝;最后用硼氢化钠（NaBH4）还原亚胺,得到稳定的接枝共聚物CHI—g—PEI,研究了反应时间和反应温度对氧化壳聚糖产率的影响,以及PEI用量对接枝率的影响,产物和中间体用红外光谱（IR）、核磁谱图（^1H—NMR）和紫外可见光谱（UV—Vis）等进行了表征。     

HDPE固相接枝MAH接枝率的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰（ＢＰＯ）为引发剂,用固相接枝共聚的方法制备高密度聚局烯接枝马来酸酐（ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）;用红外光谱法检测接枝产物的生成;通过差量法计算接枝率,着重探讨了各因素对接枝率的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.