新型含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物的合成及其在棉织物上的应用

为了研究不含全氟辛酸(PFOA)的拒水拒油织物整理剂,以全氟己基乙醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为原料合成了一种新型的含氟丙烯酸酯单体FA,并采用乳液聚合的方法,将FA与HEA和丙烯酸十八酯共聚得到了稳定的共聚物PFA乳液.该PFA乳液具有一定的拒水拒油性能,经其处理的棉织物对水的接触角达到了135°,而拒油等级为2级.     

SYNTHESIS AND SIZING PROPERTIES OF GRAFT STARCHES AS WARP SIZING MATERIALS FOR POLYESTER/COTTON BLEND SPUN YARN

Grafting a number of monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate onto granular corn starch was carried out respectively in aqueous dispersion by using cerie ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. Conversion of monomer, grafting ratio and grafting efficiency were measured by the method of combining the chemical quantitative analysis with the weight. The adhesive power of the starch graft copolymers to polyester/cotton fiber was evaluated by measuring the breaking strength and elongation of the roving impregnated with the paste. The viscosity change of the size paste before and after grafting was studied. The mechanical properties of polyester/cotton fibre yarn sized by the graft starch were tested. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) monomers which were graft coplymerized onto starch have a significant influence upon the viscosity of the size paste; (2) the adhesive power of     

静电植绒胶黏剂的合成研究

以MMA为硬单体,EA、BA为软单体,NMA和AA为交联单体,OP和SDS为乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂合成可低温固化的聚丙烯酸酯胶黏剂.探讨了各单体配比,乳化剂、引发剂用量及温度条件对转化率的影响.使用该胶黏剂植绒时,100℃下固化7 min,所得植绒产品柔软度佳,各项指标均达到FZ/T64011—2001《静电植绒织物》标准.     

Antimicrobial Materials: Synthesis of Reactive 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Derivative and Application in Cellulose with Dyeing Process

The efficient and regenerable antibacterial properties of Nhalamines make them an ideal candidate for parapretion of antimicrobial textiles. In this study,a 5,5-dimethylhydantoin-based reactive N-halamine precursor, 4-( 4-( 3-( 3-hydroxypropyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-benzenesulfonate( HTB), was synthesized and characterized by ~1H-NMR. The synthesized compound was coated to cotton fabrics via reactive dye dyeing process. The coated cotton showed excellent antimicrobial activities against S. aureus( Gram-positive) and E. coli O157: H7( Gram-negative) with short contact times after exposing to diluted household bleach. The treatment method used in this study has a small effect on the tensile strength of cotton fabrics. The durability and regenerability of the chlorinated cotton samples were tested.Although the chlorine content decreased towards washing and storage,almost all of the initial oxidative chlorine levels could be regained after rechlorination.     

THE ADHESIVE CAPACITY OF STARCH GRAFT COPOLYMERS TO POLYESTER/COTTON FIBER

The advantages of using starch graft copolymers as warp sizes in textile were briefly discussed, and the factors of affecting adhesive capacity to the fiber were analysed. By using eerie ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atomosphere, a number of vinyl and/or acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and the combinations among them were graft copolymerized respectively onto granular corn starch in aqueous dispersion. The adhesive capacity of these starch graft copolymers to polyester/cotton fibers was evaluated by a slightly sized rovings according to V. K. Aggarwal's method which measures the breaking strength and elongation of the rovings impregnated with the size paste. The influences of the monomers and their combinations, the grafting technological processes and the pretreatment methods before graft copolymerization upon adhesive capacity have been dis     

Fluorinated Hyperbranched Poly（urea-urethane）s Containing Reactive Groups： Synthesis, Characterization and Application on Cotton Fabric

A series of hyperbranched poly(urea-urethane) s (HPUs)containing short fluoroalkyl chain and reactive groups (HPUFs)capable as hydrophobic and oleophobic coating materials were synthesized.The obtained polymers were characterized by FTIR ( fouier transform-infrared spectroscopy ),1 H NMR ( nuclear magnetic resonance),13C NMR,19F NMR,GPC(gel permeation chromatography),TGA ( thermogravimetric analyzer),and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses.Highly hydrophobic and oleophobic cotton fabrics could be achieved from these fluorinated hyperbranched polymers by solution-immersion coating method.The static contact angles reached to 143°,114°,and 92° for water,hexadecane,and decane,respectively.The water and oil repellency ratings were 90 and 6,respectively,and still kept 80 and 5.respectively,after 10 soaping cycles at 50℃.     

新型含氟聚合物的制备及其表面润湿性能研究

通过酯化反应制备了一种含有苯环间隔基的含氟丙烯酸酯单体,随后采用自由基聚合合成了新型含氟聚合物PFBA和对比样品聚合物PFA,采用傅里叶红外光谱和氢核磁光谱验证了其化学结构,通过接触角测试研究间隔基对聚合物表面润湿性能的影响。结果显示,PFA膜的初始接触角为117.4°,PFBA膜的初始接触角为109.9°;随着接触时间的延长,PFA膜的接触角迅速下降至60.0°,而PFBA膜中的苯环间隔基为氟烷基提供了稳定的分子构象,使其接触角几乎未降低。     

合成纤维织物和棉织物热风干燥特性的实验研究

采用合成纤维和棉织物作为实验样品，对纤维织物的热风干燥过程进行了实验研究，得到了在不同干燥工况条件下的纤维织物温度和干基含水率变化曲线，对合成纤维织物和棉织物的表面温度和干基含水率变化特性进行了仔细分析。在热风干燥中，织物温度与干基含水率均存在4个 阶段的变化，不同的织物具有不同的干燥特性。织物的干燥是在恒速干燥阶段完成，其干燥速率由水分表面气化速度所控制；纤维织物热风干燥的临界含水率约为10％左右，降低织物的临界含水率和延长织物的恒速干燥阶段时间均有助于提高织物的干燥质量。     

新型含氟丙烯酸酯的合成及其竟聚率的测定

以（甲基）丙烯守其酯与三氟乙酐反应合成了成三种新型含氟单体：甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酰氧乙酯、丙烯酸三氟乙酰氧乙酯和丙烯酸三氟乙酰氧丙酯。测定了三种单体的摩尔吸光系数、折光率和密度等参数;并通过与苯乙烯进行自由基本体共聚分别测定了三种单体的竞聚率,计算了三种单体的Q、e值。     

合成纤维和棉织物表面接触干燥特性的实验研究

采用合成纤维和棉织物作为实验样品，对纤维织物的表面接触干燥过程进行了实验研究，得到了在不同干燥温度下的纤维织物表面温度与干基含水率变化曲线，以及各织物随时间的失重情况对比数据。研究结果表明：在表面接触干燥过程中，织物温度将发生四个阶段的变化，分别为预热升温阶段、水分气化降温阶段、温度回升阶段和恒温阶段。不同种类织物各阶段时间长短有差异，织物中的水分干燥主要发生在降温干燥阶段，纤维织物表面干燥的临界含水率与加热器表面温度有关。     

The Effect of TDEA on Dyeability of Both Cotton and Silk

Effects of the non - alcohol finishing agent TDEA on dye-ing properties of cotton and silk fabrics were examined. TDEA improving substantivity and having a fixation ac-tion on cotton fabrics dyeing with reactive dyes and sharp increasing dry and wet crease recovery angles of cotton have been demonstrated. The slightly lower color yields and duller in shade on the TDEA finished silk fabrics dyeing with some acid dyes have been indicated.     

Effect of Inclined Water Jets on Tensile Strength of Bicomponent Hydroentangled Nonwoven Fabrics

The effects of inclined water jets on bicomponent hydroentangled fabrics were investigated. The PET/COPET and PA6/PET hydroentangled fabrics were made by using designed inclined water jet apparatus. Effects of basis weight, water jets inclination angle and water jet pressure were discussed. The comparison was made on the average tensile strength of fabrics made by perpendicular water jets （0^o inclination angle） and inclined water jets of 20^o with pressure levels of 3 bars and 7 bars. It was found that increases of water jet pressure, the fabrics tensile strength were increased. Furthermore, increases of water jets inclination angle, fabric tensile strength of 60 g/m^2 fabrics decreased while for 100 g/m^2 fabrics tensile strength increased.     

纯棉针织物的秦皮天然染料染色

以水为提取剂从中药秦皮中提取天然染料对纯棉针织物进行染色,研究不同媒染方式以及染料质量浓度、染浴pH值、染色温度及时间、媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量等后媒法染色工艺对纯棉针织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,后媒法染色效果最好,秦皮天然染料对纯棉针织物的后媒染染色最佳工艺为：秦皮天然染料质量浓度12g/L,染液pH 4,染色温度90℃,染色时间60min,媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量5g/L.织物经后媒染染色后得色均匀,各项色牢度较好.     

Cellulase Activities and Finishing Effects on Cotton Fabrics

The relationships between cellulase activities and theproperties of treated labrics including weight loss,breaking strength,surface thickness and bending rigiditywere investigated.Three cellulases were used to treattwo kinds of cotton fabrics and the results were com-pared to their activities measured towards filter paper,CMC and dewaxed cotton.The results suggested thatamong the three activities,exo activity(measured to-wards dewaxed cotton)be mostly inclined to reflect theactual hydrolytic capability of the cellulase on cotton fab-rics,while endo activity(measured towards CMC)wasof little use in predicting cellulase efflciency in terms ofweight loss.The investigation also suggested that the rel-atively endo-rich cellulase(Cellusoft Plus)was inclinedto give biopolishing effects by cleaning the surface fibrilof fabrics while the exo-rich cellulase(Cellusoft L,alsoknown as total or full cellulase)tended to deliver soften-ing cffects by decreasing the bending and shearing prop-erties.     

Evaluation of Woven Fabrics for Comfort Properties in Children’s Summer Wear

This paper evaluates the comfort properties of eightkinds of woven fabric commonly used for children'ssummer wear in Hong Kong,China.Due to the expan-sion of children's wear market and the quality require-ment for parents,objective and subjective measurementsare the main methods used to evaluate the chosen fabricsfor garment deslgners and consumers as reference. Objective measurement was carried out through ex-periments by means of the Kawabata Evaluation Systemfor Fabrics(KES-F).Experimental tests on fabrics in-clude compression,surface,bending,air permeability,thermal and tensile.Subjective measurement was con-ducted by a market research on consumers' opinions onfabrics for children's summer wear in the form of ques-tionnaire survey.These two ways of measurement onfabrics were analyzed and compared. It was found that Fabric Sample 6 which is com-posed of polyester and cotton fibre has the best perfor-mance in terms of its comfort properties.Besides,Sam-ple 4 composes of rayon and cotton fibre also ha     

Influences of Cotton Fabric Treatments on Human Physical Responses during Exercise and Recovery

We investigated the influences of liquid water transfer property of cotton fabric on human physiological responses, such as ear canal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, stress hormone, during exercise and recovery. Long sleeves cotton knitted sportswear treated to have special liquid water transfer property were prepared; （1） Hydrophilic; （ 2 ） Hydrophobic; and （ 3 ） Moisture Management （MM）. Wearing these garments, human subjects ran on treadmill according ＂to a pre-designed experimental protocol. It was found that during exercise hydrophilic cotton caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics, while during recovery, hydrophilic and MM cotton fabrics caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than hydrophobic cotton fabric. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly lower heart rate than MM cotton fabric, lower systolic blood pressure than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics. Hydrophobic cotton fabric caused significantly higher urinary catecholamine volume than hydrophilic and MM cotton fabric, indicating stronger physical stress. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger thermal and humidity sensations than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics at the end of first and second exercise sessions. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger discomfort sensation than hydrophobic cotton fabric at the end of first session of exercise. In the end of wear trial, MM cotton fabric caused significantly higher tiredness sensation than hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fabrics.     

纤维素酶的活力与棉纤维的失重

研究了纤维素酶活力与织物失重率、断裂强力、表面厚度和弯曲刚度的关系.用三种纤维素酶处理两种全棉织物,将处理结果(失重率等)与以滤纸、CMC、脱脂棉为底物测得的酶活力相比较.结果表明,脱脂棉酶活最能反映纤维素酶对棉织物的水解能力,而CMC酶活与酶的实际水解能力不存在明显的依赖关系.研究还表明,外切酶活较高的Cellu-soft L有利于使织物柔软,内切酶活较高的Cellusoft Plus有利于生物抛光.     

Studies of reactivity ratios of copolymerization of acrylic acid with potassium acrylate

合成了丙烯酸和丙烯酸钾均聚物及其共聚物。用FTIR谱仪测定了不同比例的聚丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钾共混物中两种单体含量比,建立了标准工作曲线,得到了在低转化率下不同初始单体组成的共聚物中两种单体的含量。用FR和KT两种作图法及YBR计算法对单体的竞聚率进行计算和比较。结果表明,丙烯酸的竞聚率(r1)和丙烯酸钾的竞聚率(r2)分别为r1=0798,r2=0544。     

含苯并三唑基团抗紫外辐射活性染料合成与应用性能研究

以2-(2-羟基-5-磺酸基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并三唑基团为封闭基,对位酯或磺化对位酯为重氮组分,合成了黄、橙、红和蓝色4只M型活性染料,并用质谱对其结构进行了表征.用合成的染料对棉纤维染色,测定了染料的上染率和固色率,发现黄色染料的染色性能较差.与未染色的棉纤维相比,染色后棉纤维的紫外线透过率大大降低.未染色纤维的UPF值为1.3,经过黄、橙、红和蓝色染料染色的棉纤维的UPF值分别为5.9、13.7、18.8、17.5,除黄色外都达到了很好的抗紫外线效果.通过对比也发现深色织物的抗紫外线效果比浅色的好.     

纯棉织物电化学前处理技术探讨

采用不锈铜丝网阳极氧化并制备PbO2（二氧化铅）电极,电流密度在10mA·cm^-2时获得的较好的PbO2沉积情况。采用三电极体系研究了该不锈钢基PbO2电极应用于纯棉织物前处理工艺,发现该前处理工艺是可行的,可以有效缩短棉织物前处理加工时间,提高生产效率。正交试验得出棉织物前处理最佳工艺条件为无水硫酸钠0．1mol·L^-1,阳极电流密度80mA·cm^-2．氢氧化钠6g·L^-1,20℃处理45min。与传统的前处理工艺相比,电化学法处理后织物的白度稍低,但是断裂强力更高。