小分子有机电致发光材料研究进展

 有机电致发光器件（OLED）具有效率高、亮度高、驱动电压低、响应速度快以及能实现大面积光电显示等优点,因其在平板显示和高效照明领域具有极大的应用前景而引起广泛关注。在OLED的制备及优化中,有机电致发光材料包括小分子和聚合物的选择至关重要,其中有机小分子发光材料具有确定的相对分子质量、化学修饰性强、选择范围广、易于提纯、荧光量子产率高以及可以产生红、绿、篮等各种颜色光等优点,一直受到国内外学者的广泛重视。本文综述了近年来国内外有机电致发光小分子发光材料的研究状况,对有机小分子电致发光材料进行分类和评述,并简要介绍了小分子OLED的应用前景和发展趋势。     

芘类有机半导体材料研究进展

由于芘具有大环共轭和易于修饰的特性,近年来,芘类共轭衍生物成为有机半导体的重要组成部分.最主要的文献报道为芘类电致发光材料,它们从化学结构上可分为四类材料：小分子、寡聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物.其中小分子芘衍生物又可分为单取代衍生物、双取代衍生物和四取代衍生物.同时,近年来也有部分文献开始报道芘类材料在场效应晶体管、太阳能电池和其他方面的应用.文中按以上内容,分别进行了比较分析,最后提出了该类材料的未来发展方向.     

聚苯胺-聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及应用

聚苯胺-聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方法可分为原位聚合法和机械共混法两大类.聚苯胺-聚合物纳米复合材料在透明导电薄膜、防静电涂料、导电纤维、电磁屏蔽、有机电致发光器件等领域有着广阔的应用前景.     

有机薄膜电致发光器件的研究进展（综述）

对近几年来有机薄膜电致发光（ＥＬ）器件的研究进展进行了综合评停和分析,有机薄膜ＥＬ器件是近年来国际上研究的一个热点,该器件具有可与集成电路相匹配,直流电压低,发光亮度高,以及它与无机薄膜相比较易实现多色显示等优点。     

罗丹明B掺杂ZnQ2的电致发光器件及其性能研究

将8-羟基喹啉锌(ZnQ₂)和8-羟基喹啉铝(AlQ₃)的发光性能进行比较,筛选出ZnQ₂作为掺杂发光层主体材料,与荧光染料罗丹明B(RhB)共掺杂,采用真空热蒸镀法制备有机电致发光器件(OLEDs).掺杂不同浓度RhB可以获得不同波长的光发射,得到不同的发光色调.通过对溶液态荧光光谱和器件发光光谱等特性的测量与分析,探讨了器件的能量转移及发光机理.     

有机场效应晶体管的研究与应用进展

有机场效应晶体管(Organic Field Effect Transistors,OFETs)是以有机半导体材料作为有源层的晶体管器件。和传统的无机半导体器件相比,由于其可应用于生产大面积柔性设备而被人们广泛的研究,在有机发光、有机光探测器、有机太阳能电池、压力传感器、有机存储设备、柔性平板显示、电子纸等众多领域具有潜在而广泛的应用前景。文中对OFET结构和工作原理做了简要介绍,之后重点讨论了最近几年来OFET中有机材料和绝缘体材料的发展状况,接着总结了OFET制备技术及其应用新领域,最后对OFET发展面临问题及应用前景做了归纳和展望。     

基于小波神经网络熔丝堆积三维打印精度预测模型

摘要： 熔融沉积快速成形是一个多参数耦合的非线性过程,大量成形参数对成形件精度具有重要影响.为了弄清各个工艺参数对成形零件精度的影响,提高熔丝堆积三维打印产品精度,运用Matlab软件建立了利用成形工艺参数预测产品精度的小波神经网络模型,完成了算法设计.通过熔丝堆积三维打印实验采集样本,利用训练样本对所建立的网络进行训练,完成网络输入输出精度映射关系,并利用测试样本对所训练网络进行检验.仿真试验表明,产品精度预测模型具有很高的精度,验证了该预测模型在理论和实践上的可行性、有效性.把小波神经网络方法运用于熔丝堆积三维打印参数与成形产品精度之间的建模,解决了难以用数学方法建立精确模型的问题.     

Suppression of the coffee-ring effect by shape-dependent capillary interactions

When a drop of liquid dries on a solid surface, its suspended particulate matter is deposited in ring-like fashion. This phenomenon, known as the coffee-ring effect, is familiar to anyone who has observed a drop of coffee dry. During the drying process, drop edges become pinned to the substrate, and capillary flow outward from the centre of the drop brings suspended particles to the edge as evaporation proceeds. After evaporation, suspended particles are left highly concentrated along the original drop edge. The coffee-ring effect is manifested in systems with diverse constituents, ranging from large colloids to nanoparticles and individual molecules. In fact--despite the many practical applications for uniform coatings in printing, biology and complex assembly-the ubiquitous nature of the effect has made it difficult to avoid. Here we show experimentally that the shape of the suspended particles is important and can be used to eliminate the coffee-ring effect: ellipsoidal particles are deposited uniformly during evaporation. The anisotropic shape of the particles significantly deforms interfaces, producing strong interparticle capillary interactions. Thus, after the ellipsoids are carried to the air-water interface by the same outward flow that causes the coffee-ring effect for spheres, strong long-ranged interparticle attractions between ellipsoids lead to the formation of loosely packed or arrested structures on the air-water interface. These structures prevent the suspended particles from reaching the drop edge and ensure uniform deposition. Interestingly, under appropriate conditions, suspensions of spheres mixed with a small number of ellipsoids also produce uniform deposition. Thus, particle shape provides a convenient parameter to control the deposition of particles, without modification of particle or solvent chemistry.     

Solution-processed silicon films and transistors

The use of solution processes-as opposed to conventional vacuum processes and vapour-phase deposition-for the fabrication of electronic devices has received considerable attention for a wide range of applications, with a view to reducing processing costs. In particular, the ability to print semiconductor devices using liquid-phase materials could prove essential for some envisaged applications, such as large-area flexible displays. Recent research in this area has largely been focused on organic semiconductors, some of which have mobilities comparable to that of amorphous silicon (a-Si); but issues of reliability remain. Solution processing of metal chalcogenide semiconductors to fabricate stable and high-performance transistors has also been reported. This class of materials is being explored as a possible substitute for silicon, given the complex and expensive manufacturing processes required to fabricate devices from the latter. However, if high-quality silicon films could be prepared by a solution process, this situation might change drastically. Here we demonstrate the solution processing of silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) using a silane-based liquid precursor. Using this precursor, we have prepared polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films by both spin-coating and ink-jet printing, from which we fabricate TFTs with mobilities of 108 cm2 V(-1) s(-1) and 6.5 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), respectively. Although the processing conditions have yet to be optimized, these mobilities are already greater than those that have been achieved in solution-processed organic TFTs, and they exceed those of a-Si TFTs (< or = 1 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)).     

AutoCAD图形文件的打印技巧

电气图纸是直接指导电力设备安装、调试运行及检修的重要依据,可在生产过程中图纸的管理和应用却存在很多问题.提出自行打印AutoCAD图形文件的解决方案,并针对在图纸打印过程中出现的问题,介绍了一种行之有效的打印方法,提高了图纸微机动态化管理及网络化应用的实用性,具有一定的经济性.     

An updatable holographic three-dimensional display

Holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays provide realistic images without the need for special eyewear, making them valuable tools for applications that require situational awareness, such as medical, industrial and military imaging. Currently commercially available holographic 3D displays use photopolymers that lack image-updating capability, resulting in restricted use and high cost. Photorefractive polymers are dynamic holographic recording materials that allow updating of images and have a wide range of applications, including optical correlation, imaging through scattering media and optical communication. To be suitable for 3D displays, photorefractive polymers need to have nearly 100% diffraction efficiency, fast writing time, hours of image persistence, rapid erasure, and large area-a combination of properties that has not been shown before. Here, we report an updatable holographic 3D display based on photorefractive polymers with such properties, capable of recording and displaying new images every few minutes. This is the largest photorefractive 3D display to date (4 x 4 inches in size); it can be recorded within a few minutes, viewed for several hours without the need for refreshing, and can be completely erased and updated with new images when desired.     

Nanosize Effects on Structural and Electrlcal Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanowires

1 Introduction Conjugated polymer nanofibers (nanowires,nanotubes,nanorods) are promising as building-blocks for many applications,such as bio- and chemical sensors and drug release,field emission or electrochromic displays,nanodevices,and nano OLEDs.Understanding the mechanisms responsible for their unique electrical,optical and electrochemical properties is thus a foremost point.Here,we report for the first time on a systematic study with the diameter of the electrical properties in Poly(3,4-ethylened...     

数字RGB与YCbCr颜色空间转换的精度

视频处理系统中为了提高处理效率,需要将数字RGB信号转换为数字YCbCr信号.文中提出由于芯片内部寄存器精度的原因,会引起原信号三基色之间的串扰问题;为满足视频处理需求,处理芯片中颜色空间转换寄存器至少要使用7个二进制位来表示色空间转换矩阵;为了彻底消除由精度引起的三色串扰问题,则处理芯片中颜色空间转换寄存器至少要使用9个二进制位来表示色空间转换矩阵.     

Direct ink writing of polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide based 3D constructs

There has been increasing interest over recent years in the application of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technologies in the biomedical field. One such method is Direct Ink Writing(DIW); this approach has the potential advantage of allowing room-temperature deposition of materials, presented as an ink, to build complex architectures. DIW offers the ability to process biomaterials containing temperature-sensitive components. Due to the fabrication principles of DIW, there are specific rheological requirements that the ink must exhibit for the 3 D construction. For this reason, hydrogel-based liquid feed stocks have been the focal point of ink development. As a consequence, studies based on inks comprising hydrophobic biomaterials, which are insoluble in water and hence unsuited to the hydrogel approach, have been limited.In this study, we investigate novel inks that utilize polycaprolactone(PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, as the primary constituent by dissolving the polymer in solvent systems based on dichloromethane(DCM) and acetone(ACE). Moreover, polyethylene oxide(PEO) was incorporated into the PCL systems in order to extend the range of hydrophilicity of the systems. The rheological properties of the inks were investigated as a function of polymer composition and solvent system. Woodpile constructs of PCL and PCL/PEO were fabricated using DIW method and were assessed by a series of material characterisation. The type of solvent system had a noticeable impact on the ink rheology, which ultimately affected the surface properties. The incorporation of PEO particularly enhanced the roughness and wettability of the constructs. Our results support the use of DIW as a new means to process hydrophobic polymers for biomedical applications.     

Improving the performance of doped pi-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a promising technology for large, flexible, lightweight, flat-panel displays. Such devices consist of one or several semiconducting organic layer(s) sandwiched between two electrodes. When an electric field is applied, electrons are injected by the cathode into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the adjacent molecules (simultaneously, holes are injected by the anode into the highest occupied molecular orbital). The two types of carriers migrate towards each other and a fraction of them recombine to form excitons, some of which decay radiatively to the ground state by spontaneous emission. Doped pi-conjugated polymer layers improve the injection of holes in OLED devices; this is thought to result from the more favourable work function of these injection layers compared with the more commonly used layer material (indium tin oxide). Here we demonstrate that by increasing the doping level of such polymers, the barrier to hole injection can be continuously reduced. The use of combinatorial devices allows us to quickly screen for the optimum doping level. We apply this concept in OLED devices with hole-limited electroluminescence (such as polyfluorene-based systems), finding that it is possible to significantly reduce the operating voltage while improving the light output and efficiency.     

无电解沉积用于太阳能电池(英文)

研究分为两部分讨论:(1)是利用无电镀与自组装单分子层表面改质技术制备用于染料敏化太阳能电池上具有催化性的铂对电极;(2)是利用无电镀与微米压印法技术制备硅单晶太阳能电池的电极.适当的表面改质技术(Self-assembled monolayers,SAMs)成功地开发出一低温湿式制程,可制备出具有高度选择性的铂对电极用于透明导电玻璃面上.通过原子力显微镜分析,发现3-(2-Aminoethylamino)propylmethyl-dimethoxysilane(Me-EDA-Si)可成功的改质于透明导电玻璃上,同时利用高解析电子能谱仪来分析每一步骤的改质,证明钯触媒可成功的接于导电玻璃上以催化铂无电镀反应的进行,因而发现经无电镀沉积的薄膜呈现粗糙的表面而提高了铂触媒的活性表面积.因此利用无电镀所制备的铂对电极所组装而成的染料敏化太阳能电池具有较利用溅镀法所制备的铂对电极所组成之电池有较高的效率.为开发制备双层结构(无电镀Ni3P/电镀铜)的电极于硅单晶太阳能电池上作为收集太阳能电池所产生的电子.结合了无电镀与微米压印法来制备无电镀镍金属为导电层以取代传统的银浆.其优点在于利用无电镀镍作为导电层可降低与硅基材之间的接触电阻(NiP为10-4Ω.cm2,银为10-3Ω.cm2),更可大幅的降低线宽(小于40μm).另微米压印法不只能提升电池之效率更可提高模块之功率.在无抗反射层的相同条件下,利用无电镀与微米压印法所制备之电池其效率可高于传统利用银浆所制备之太阳能电池约1%左右的效率.     

PVK:ACY掺杂体系的电致发光特性

 利用溶液旋涂的湿法工艺,通过改变了聚合物与荧光染料掺杂体系中poly(N-vinylcarbazole)（PVK）与[7-diethylamino-3-(2-thienyl)chronmen-2-ylidene]-2,2-dicyanoviny-lamine（ACY）的比例,制备了结构为indium-tin-oxide（ITO）/PVK:ACY/tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum（Alq₃）/Mg:Ag的有机电致发光器件,并对掺杂体系的电致发光特性进行了研究。结果表明,当复合功能层中ACY和PVK的质量比为0.7%时,器件发光亮度最高,达到了9467cd/m2;在电致发光光谱中,同时出现ACY和Alq₃的红光发射和绿光发射峰,并且随着掺杂比例的增加,器件的电致发光光谱强度出现先减小后增大的变化趋势,从材料的分子结构、空间构成、发光类型等方面讨论了其发光特性的变化。     

乙二醛水溶液纯化研究

乙二醛有多种生产方法,其纯化对象亦有所不同。在乙醛硝酸氧化法生产乙二醛的工艺中,其主要待去除成分是硝酸和醋酸。介绍了电渗析、电去离子技术纯化乙二醛水溶液的过程,并与其他纯化方法进行了对比。     

全介质数码技术与印刷设计实践教学创新

引进全介质数码技术与印刷行业实践教学法应用于专业教学中,与企业共建行业教学方法培养学生的动手能力.通过全介质印刷技术实践教学检验方法的流程,确立实践教学量化标准,突破了传统介质局限和传统"制作"观,在有限课时中体会行业工作的特性,让学习过程充满创意,让创意得以实现.     

ZnO 空穴缓冲层对OLED 性能的影响

本文利用无机材料ZnO作为空穴缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/ZnO/NPB/Alq3/Al的有机电致发光器件。用计算机控制的KEITHLEY2400-PR655系统测量器件的电压-电流-亮度特性。研究结果表明,当ZnO薄膜的厚度为2 nm时,器件的电流效率可达1.65 cd/A,最大亮度为3 449 cd/m2;而没有加入缓冲层的同类器件,最大亮度仅为869.7 cd/m2,最大电流效率为0.46 cd/A。由此可以看出,加入ZnO空穴缓冲层后,最大亮度提高3.97倍,最大电流效率提高3.59倍。分析认为适当厚度的ZnO薄膜降低了发光层空穴的浓度,提高了电子和空穴的复合率,从而降低了电流密度,提高了器件的电流效率,改善了器件性能。