碳纤维布加固预应力混凝土空心板试验研究

为研究碳纤维布加固预应力混凝土空心板在近似均布载荷作用下的受力性能和加固效果,通过8块按工程实际尺寸设计制作的预应力混凝土空心板试件,在近似均布载荷作用下的试验,研究不同的碳纤维布粘贴方式及粘贴数量,对碳纤维布加同预应力混凝土空心板受力性能和加固效果的影响:阐述了加固后试件承载力提高程度、裂缝开展情况,及载荷-应变、载荷-挠度的变化.试验结果表明:在近似均布载荷作用下,采用碳纤维布加固预应力混凝土空心板,可以有效提高承载力:40%～120%左右,加固效果明显.     

金属材料不同缺口根半径拉伸试样中的应力应变分析

用有限元法计算了钢和铝合金不同缺口根半径拉伸试样的应力、应变分布及其随外加载荷的变化规律.研究结果表明,缺口前端的最大正应力σyy/σy、三向应力度σm/σ和等效塑性应变εp都随外加载荷P/Pgy的增加而增大,但在整体屈服之前(P/Pgy<1)和整体屈服之后(P/Pgy>1)的变化规律不同.当外加载荷P/Pgy一定时,随缺口根半径的减小,缺口前的σyy/σy、σm/σ和εp均增大,但在较大缺口根半径(R≥2mm)和较小缺口根半径(R<2mm)时的应力、应变分布及其随P/Pgy的变化规律有所不同.材料拉伸力学性能对缺口前端的应力、应变分布总体上影响不大.     

弯拉应力作用下粉煤灰混凝土的1D和2D碳化

首先建立了弯拉应力作用下混凝土的1D和2D碳化测试方法,在此基础上系统研究了粉煤灰混凝土在弯拉应力水平分别为0.0,0.20,0.35,0.50,0.65,0.80作用下1D和2D碳化深度的依时变化规律,并探讨了粉煤灰掺量(0%,10%,20%,40%,60%,质量分数)、粉煤灰种类(Ⅰ,Ⅱ级)、水胶比(0.3,0.35,0.4,质量比)、胶凝材料用量(458,380 kg/m3)、养护龄期(28,90 d) 5个重要因素对处于弯曲应力状态下的粉煤灰混凝土1D和2D碳化深度的影响规律.另外,还将不同弯拉应力水平(σS)下的碳化试验结果与同条件下无应力状态下的碳化进行了定量比较,发现弯拉应力水平对碳化存在明显的加速作用,为量化该交互作用提出了应力加速因子(KσS)概念,研究表明KσS随σS的增加而变大,符合指数函数KσS=1 kσCS.     

钴结壳螺旋切削采矿头截齿最大载荷的分布特性

考虑海水力的作用,建立深海钴结壳微地形的数学模型和采矿头截齿切削过程的数学模型,应用Matlab软件GUI工具编制相应的仿真程序,并通过实验验证仿真模型的正确性和仿真软件的工程有效性。在此基础上,随机生成200个典型海底地形,对采矿头截齿最大载荷的分布特性进行研究;应用置信度为0.95的柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)检验验证参数估计所得的正态总体与样本数据的一致性。仿真结果表明:截齿最大载荷的分布偏于正态分布;通过置信度为0.95的参数估计,得出最大载荷正态分布概率密度函数的参数μ和σ2及其置信区间;由3σ规则确定了截齿最大载荷以99.73%的概率落于区间[2.027 0 11.110 0],截齿最大载荷基本不超过11.11 kN。     

多开孔耐压柱壳多目标稳健性优化

为提高多开孔耐压柱壳设计效率,进行了设计变量的灵敏度分析和降维处理.利用最优拉丁超立方方法进行了样本点的选取,对样本点进行了计算、分析及拟合,得到了精度满足工程需要的近似模型.建立了多开孔耐压柱壳确定性多目标及多目标稳健性优化模型,分别进行了确定性多目标优化、3σ稳健性优化和6σ稳健性优化的求解,采用最小距离法确定了相应的优化方案.结果表明:6σ优化与3σ对比,在质量增加的同时,极限载荷有所增加;3σ优化与确定性多目标优化对比,质量和极限载荷增加幅度较大,说明必须增加设计参数值以适应结构稳健性要求的提高,从而导致质量增加,6σ优化所有约束函数和目标函数的质量水平都有了提高,多数设计变量的质量水平提高到了6σ以上.可见6σ的稳健性优化可大幅提高多开孔耐压柱壳的稳健性.     

初始损伤影响钢的低温解理断裂韧性的细观力学分析

通过长条形孔洞附近的局部应力应变分布的细观有限元模拟计算,对初始损伤影响钢的低温解理断裂韧性的原因进行了研究.计算结果表明,预加载时引入的长条形孔洞缺陷在后续低温加载时,其前端产生了局部高应力应变集中,促使了解理裂纹的形核(pε≥pεc)和扩展(yσy≥fσ),使解理发生在较低的载荷下,引起了韧性的降低.随预载荷比P0/Pgy的增加,材料中的损伤量和损伤孔洞的尺寸增大,引起的局部高应力应变集中程度增大,可促使解理发生在更低的载荷下.这就是随着预载荷比P0/Pgy的增加,材料的缺口解理断裂韧性Pf/Pgy降低的细观力学原因.     

亲鱼营养状况对花尾胡椒鲷仔鱼存活率的影响

以n 3高度不饱和脂肪酸 (n 3HUFA)含量为 0 1 6%、 1 2 7%、 2 36%和 3 47%的4种人工配合饲料及冰鲜杂鱼饲养花尾胡椒鲷亲鱼一周年 ,获得仔鱼后 ,在不投饵的情况下 ,比较各组初孵仔鱼在盐度 8、 1 6、 2 4和 32的水体中的存活率和饥饿耐力 .结果发现 ,0 1 6%组仔鱼的死亡高峰要比其它各组提前 2～ 3天 ,各组仔鱼在 8和 1 6盐度下的存活时间要比在 2 4和 32盐度下延长 1～ 2天 .这说明 ,亲鱼饲料中的n 3HUFA含量较低会降低仔鱼的耐饥饿能力和存活率 ,低盐度 ( 8～ 1 6)可能更适合培育花尾胡椒鲷仔鱼     

[Fe(CO)3(MePhPpy)2(MCl2)](M=Zn,Cd,Hg)的Fe-M相互作用及其对31P化学位移影响的研究

应用密度泛函DFT理论PBE0方法对单核配合物[Fe(CO)3(MePhPpy)2]1、双核配合物[Fe(CO)3(MePhPpy)2(MCl2)](2: M=Zn,3: M=Cd,4: M=Hg)和[Fe(CO)3(MePhPpy)2(HgCl2)2]5的结构进行了理论计算,研究了双核配合物中金属-金属间相互作用及其对31P化学位移的影响.结果表明:(1)配合物2～4的稳定性为2>4>3.(2)Fe-M相互作用的强弱顺序为2≈3<4.(3)NBO分析得到Fe-M相互作用主要表现为σFe-P→nM和σFe-C→nM的电荷转移作用,而N-M的相互作用以nN→nM离域作用为主.(4)用DFT-PBE0-GIAO方法计算1,3,5的31P化学位移值与实验值较接近,并预测了2和4的31P化学位移分别为61.66和56.49.(5)形成双核配合物后,σFe-C→σ*Fe-P离域增大,而σFe-P→σ*Fe-C减小,使得P原子核所受的屏蔽作用比1的大,故双核配合物的31P化学位移比单核配合物的小.     

预应力胶合木张弦梁受弯性能有限元分析

为研究预应力筋数量和预加力数值对预应力胶合木张弦梁受弯性能的影响,采用ABAQUS有限元程序,选择各向异性的弹性本构关系,对预应力胶合木张弦梁受弯性能进行分析.结果表明:总预加力数值相同时,梁的刚度和极限载荷均随预应力筋数量的增加而增大,与截面尺寸相同的普通胶合木梁相比,在研究范围内刚度增加39.55%~62.27%,极限载荷增大134.68%~177.32%;预应力筋数量相同时梁的挠度随总预加力数值的增大而减小,但其刚度不变,梁的极限载荷随总预加力数值的增大而增大,与截面尺寸相同的普通胶合木梁相比在研究范围内极限载荷增大109.37%~157.32%.     

摩擦与配合间隙对超长大型液压缸承载能力影响规律研究

以水利工程中启闭机油缸为例,对超长大型液压缸最大轴向载荷进行计算分析.研究了两端耳环与支座轴销之间的摩擦、缸筒与活塞杆的配合间隙对轴向承载能力的影响规律,利用有限元软件ANSYS对液压缸进行非线性屈曲分析.样机试验得出最大轴向载荷为580kN,与理论计算值相差约6%,验证了理论模型的合理性.分析结果表明,由强度条件确定的极限载荷小于由稳定性条件确定的临界载荷,液压缸允许的最大轴向载荷由极限载荷衡量.随着配合间隙的减小或摩擦因数的增大,液压缸轴向承载能力增加,如当摩擦因数从0增加到0.3,允许的最大轴向载荷增加约5.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the