复合型加载下缺口前应力应变分布的有限元分析

用有限元法计算了一种低合金高强钢缺口试样在非对称四点弯曲加载(Ⅰ Ⅱ型复合加载)下缺口前端的变形和应力应变分布.研究结果表明:纯Ⅰ型加载时,缺口前端变形和塑性区形状对称分布.Ⅰ Ⅱ型复合加载下缺口前端的变形为一侧钝化,另一侧锐化,塑性区顺时针旋转一个角度θ,且θ随Ⅱ型载荷比例的增加而增大.表征缺口前端变形程度的d/b0值,随外加载荷P/Pgy的增加和Ⅱ型载荷比例的增加而增大.另外,对缺口前端最小塑性区路径上的最大切向正应力σθθ、三相应力度σm/和等效塑性应变εp的分布,以及它们随外加载荷P/Pgy和Ⅱ型载荷比例的变化规律也进行了分析,发现缺口试样的开裂遵循最大切应力判据.     

初始损伤影响钢的低温解理断裂韧性的细观力学分析

通过长条形孔洞附近的局部应力应变分布的细观有限元模拟计算,对初始损伤影响钢的低温解理断裂韧性的原因进行了研究.计算结果表明,预加载时引入的长条形孔洞缺陷在后续低温加载时,其前端产生了局部高应力应变集中,促使了解理裂纹的形核(pε≥pεc)和扩展(yσy≥fσ),使解理发生在较低的载荷下,引起了韧性的降低.随预载荷比P0/Pgy的增加,材料中的损伤量和损伤孔洞的尺寸增大,引起的局部高应力应变集中程度增大,可促使解理发生在更低的载荷下.这就是随着预载荷比P0/Pgy的增加,材料的缺口解理断裂韧性Pf/Pgy降低的细观力学原因.     

Mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ混合加载下缺口前初始孔洞的长大行为

文章对Mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ混合加载下缺口前初始孔洞的长大行为进行了有限元计算模拟.结果表明:ModeⅠ/Ⅱ混合加载下,缺口前端一侧钝化,一侧锐化.钝化侧的孔洞在外加载荷P/Pgy＜0.2时没有长大;在0.2＜P/Pgy＜0.8内缓慢长大;在P/Pgy＞0.8后快速长大,且长大速率随P/Pgy而增加.锐化侧的孔洞在整个加载范围内基本没有长大.整体孔洞面积分数随P/Pgy的增加源于钝化侧孔洞的长大.钝化侧较高的三向应力度σm/-σ和εp等效塑性应变是其孔洞长大的主要原因.钝化侧σm/-σ和εp最高处的一列孔洞长大速率最快,这些孔洞的聚合导致缺口前的延性起裂和裂纹沿该列孔洞路径的扩展,从而决定了材料的延性断裂韧性.锐化侧很低的σm/-σ和εp是孔洞不发生长大的原因.     

缺口根半径对NiTi形状记忆合金缺口前应力-应变分布和马氏体相转变的影响

用有限元法(FEM),计算不同缺口根半径的NiTi形状记忆合金紧凑拉伸试样在加载-卸载单次循环载荷下缺口前的应力-应变分布和马氏体体积分数.计算表明:4个特征载荷,即加载时缺口尖端A向M转变开始和结束时的载荷以及逆转变M向A转变开始和结束时的载荷,均随着缺口根半径的增加而增大.在相同特征载荷下,缺口前端区的最大正应力yσy和等效应变ε以及相应于马氏体相变的应力平台的长度均随着缺口根半径的增加而增大.缺口前端的马氏体体积分数随着到缺口尖端距离的增加逐渐下降,在特征载荷下,随着根半径增加,马氏体体积分数增加,发生马氏体相转变的区域增大.     

不同缺口尺寸试样在不同加载速率下缺口前的应力应变分布

用动态有限元法计算了两种不同缺口尺寸的16MnR钢试样(3V,3I),在-110℃和v=1～500mm/min时的不同加载速率下三点弯曲(3PB)时的试样缺口根部应力、应变及应变率的分布.研究结果表明,3PB加载时加载速率对缺口前应力、应变和应变率影响的总体规律与四点弯曲(4PB)加载时相同;3PB加载下直缺口试样(3I)的整体屈服载荷及缺口前的应力、应变和应变率值比V缺口试样(3V)大;3I与3V缺口前的峰值正应力σyymax之差随加载速率v和外加载荷P/Pgy的增加而增大,表明尖锐缺口试样(3I)的应力提高对加载速率和外加载荷更敏感.     

Mode I/II混合加载下缺口前初始孔洞的长大行为

文章对Mode I/II混合加载下缺口前初始孔洞的长大行为进行了有限元计算模拟。结果表明:ModeI/II混合加载下,缺口前端一侧钝化,一侧锐化。钝化侧的孔洞在外加载荷P/Pgy<0.2时没有长大;在0.2

0.8后快速长大,且长大速率随P/Pgy而增加。锐化侧的孔洞在整个加载范围内基本没有长大。整体孔洞面积分数随P/Pgy的增加源于钝化侧孔洞的长大。钝化侧较高的三向应力度σm/σ和εp等效塑性应变是其孔洞长大的主要原因。钝化侧σm/σ和εp最高处的一列孔洞长大速率最快,这些孔洞的聚合导致缺口前的延性起裂和裂纹沿该列孔洞路径的扩展,从而决定了材料的延性断裂韧性。锐化侧很低的σm/σ和εp是孔洞不发生长大的原因。     

加载速率对缺口前应力、应变分布的影响

用动态有限元法,计算了一种低合金钢在不同加载速率下四点弯曲缺口试样缺口根部应力、应变和应变率的分布.结果表明:缺口前各点的应变率和试样整体屈服载荷Pgy随加载速率的增加而增加;在相同的P/Pgy下,缺口前各点的正应力随加载速率的增加而增加,而应变基本不变.加载速率对缺口前应力、应变分布的影响是由于其引起了缺口前应变率的变化,从而使材料力学性能发生变化所引起的.     

聚乙烯电缆皮形变结构的X射线衍射分析

对聚乙烯电缆皮室温单轴拉伸测试．当拉伸速度达到一定数值时,其应力（σ）-应变（ε）曲线出现"类屈服"现象．对不同形变程度（εi）的样品进行X射线衍射线形分析,结果表明,其微观畸变度（e）随形变度（ε）的变化与宏观σ-ε曲线变化规律相似．     

缺口根半径对解理断裂应力σ_f的影响

采用有限元方法计算了不同根半径缺口弯曲试样缺口前的应力应变分布,通过测定解理断裂点距缺口根部的距离,精确测定了解理断裂应力。当根半径从0.25变化到1.0时,断裂载荷及应力分布有明显的变化,但基本不变。不同根半径试样的临界解理事件均是由铁素体尺寸的微裂纹向周围基体的扩展,因此,主要取决于铁素体晶粒尺寸而不是为找到适合薄弱组织所需的高应力体积。解理断裂点不一定在最大主应力处,其位置与缺口前应力应变的相对分布及薄弱组织的随机分布有关。材料的(为屈服强度)越高,断裂载荷越高,在缺口试样中是一个有用的韧性评价参量。     

乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物薄膜单向拉伸性能及黏塑性本构模型

对厚度为250μm的长条形ETFE(乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物)薄膜试样进行了8种定速(拉伸速度由极慢的1mm/min到极快的500mm/min)单向拉伸试验,得到了相应的应力应变曲线、屈服强度、弹性模量等参数随拉伸速率的变化规律.结果表明:ETFE薄膜的屈服强度和屈服应变随拉伸速率的增加而增加;ETFE薄膜的切线、割线弹性模量,以及基于应变能和应变余能的等效弹性模量随拉伸速率的增加而增大,3种弹性模量之间的差值也随拉伸速率的增加而增大.对上述应力应变曲线进行分析,提出了ETFE膜材的黏塑性本构模型(Peirce模型),并在有限元分析软件ANSYS中进行了数值模拟,其结果与试验得出的应力应变曲线吻合较好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the