老顶山人工油松林生物量的研究

对海拔１２００—１３００ｍ处的２８年生油松人工林生物量进行了研究。乔木层的生物量采用回归模型预测，其为：油松Ｗ树干＝２．３１６（Ｄ２Ｈ）０．６５８，Ｗ（枝条）＝１．３１３（Ｄ２Ｈ）０．９８９，Ｗ叶子＝１．４１２（Ｄ２Ｈ）０．８３１和Ｗ（根条）＝１．５８９（Ｄ２Ｈ）０．７５３，灌木和草本植物用表测数据计算。结果表明：６月份人工油松林的总生物量为４３．４７０ｇ／ｈａ，其中乔木层３５．６７９吨／公顷，林下灌木及草本层７．７９１ｔ／ｈａ。     

云南中甸长苞冷杉群落的生物量和净生产量研究

本文研究了云南中甸县吉迪村长苞冷杉群落的生物量和净生产量。结果为：长苞冷杉群落的生物量为３５１．６２３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，其中乔木层占９７．８７％，灌木层占０．１４％，草本层占０．１７％，苔藓层占０．６７％，凋落物占１．１５％。群落的净生产量为１２３０．６ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，其中乔木层占９４．６２％，灌木层占０．７０％，草本层占１．６３％，苔藓层占３．０５％，优势种长苞冷杉的生物量和净生产量分别为３３４．７７７ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０９７．８ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，分别占群落总量的９５．２１％和８９．２１％。其它乔木材种的生物量和净生产量分别为９．３６４ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和６６．６ｇ／ｍ￣２·ａ，分别占群落总量的２．６６％和５．４１％。     

滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落生物量研究

研究了山西滹沱河湿地狭叶香蒲群落的结构和生物量,结果表明狭叶香蒲群落的总生物量为７０７６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为２５８９．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为４４８６．２ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。建群种狭叶香蒲的生物量为５５１３．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,其中地上部分（叶、茎等）为１７２５．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,地下部分（根）为３８０５．９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,占群落总生物量的７７．９２％。优势种披针苔草和狼     

滇西北高山松林生物量的初步研究

本文研究了滇西北高山松林的生物量。林龄大生物量减小。林龄约４０年和１００年的林分，生物量分别为２９４．３０６ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和２３１．４９５ｔ／ｈｍ￣２；在各器官中，树干生物量（１４３．５３２ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１０２．１２０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）最大，占群落总生物量的４８．９０％和４４．２４％；乔木一层（亦即高山松）的生物量２５４．２８３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２和１７１．４０８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２，占群落总生物量的８６．４１％和７４．０４％；与林龄约４０年的林分相比较，林龄约１００年的高山松林中，高山松生物量所占比例减小而黄背栎等树种的生物量增大。     

水杉人工林生物量及其制浆性能的研究

研究了水杉人工林３种密度林分的地上部分生物量、干物质分配模式、制浆性能和工艺成熟龄。结果表明：（１）不同密度的水杉人工林，其地上部分生物量存在较大差异。１０年生前，３种密度林分的生物量生产为２５００株·ｈｍ－２＞１２５０株·ｈｍ－２＞６２５株·ｈｍ－２；１０～１４年间为２５００株·ｈｍ－２＞６２５株·ｈｍ－２＞１２５０株·ｈｍ－２。（２）林分村干生物量所占的比例随林龄的增大而递增，枝、叶所占的比例则随林龄的增大而降低。１４年生时，３种密度林分树干、枝、叶生物量所占比例分别在６５．８８％～７０．２％，２３．３％～２４．８％和６．６％～９．４％之间。（３）林龄和密度显著影响林分的净平均生产量。１４年生３种密度林分的地上部分年均净生产量分别为５２４０．４ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２、４６１３．３ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２和６０５８．７ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２。（４）水杉的纤维素含量为４７．５％左右，平均纤维长为３．１７５ｍｍ，是一种高级造纸原料。（５）不同密度的水杉人工林，工艺成熟龄存在差异，６２５株·ｈｍ－２、１２５０株·ｈｍ－２和２５００株·ｈｍ－２林分分别约在２５～２８年、２１～２４年及１７～２０年之间。     

福建含笑杉木混交林生物量和土壤肥力的研究

对福建含笑纯林和混交林进行造林试验,研究了５年生不同造林模式的林分生物量和培肥土壤能力。结果表明,福建含笑和杉木行间混交林具有较高的林分总生物量和乔木层生物量（８５．４８ｔ／ｈｍ２、７８．４８ｔ／ｈｍ２）,而杉木纯林和乔木层总生物量均最低,仅为５２．０４ｔ／ｈｍ２和４３．０４ｔ／ｈｍ２。行间混交模式的土壤团聚体最好,结构破坏率小,土壤容重下降;土壤孔隙度和土壤通气度增大,分别比杉木纯林大１４．５％和３．６６％。行间混交林土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量明显高于杉木纯林,土壤酶活性明显加强,更有利于林木生长。     

具有Holling第Ⅱ类功能性反应的捕食者—食饵系统定性分析

研究具有Ｈｏｌｌｉｎｇ第Ⅱ类功能性反应的捕食者种群和食饵种群都有密度制约的系统： ｘ＝ｘ（１＋ａ１ｘ－ａ２ｘ＾２－ｙ） ≡Ｐ（ｘ，ｙ） ｙ＝－θｙ（１＋（ａ－１）ｘ＋ａ２２（１＋ａｘ）ｙ）≡Ｑ（ｘ，ｙ） （＊）证明了①当１／（１－ａ）〈ａ１／２ａ２，θ（１－ａ）〈ａ１〈２ａ２／（１－ａ）＋θ（１－ａ），且ａ１／２ａ２〈ｘ＾＊〈ｘ时系统（＊）在正平衡点Ｒ２（ｘ＾＊，ｙ＾     

关于Je‘smanowica猜想的一个注记

本文用初等方法证明了如下结论：设ｓ＝３ｎ，ｎ≡１、３、５（ｍｏｄ８），ｔ≡２（ｍｏｄ４），且ｓ、ｔ均不含有４ｋ＋１形素因子，则Ｄｉｏｐｈａｎｔｕｓ方程（ｓ＾２－ｔ＾２）＋（２ｓｔ）＾ｙ＝（ｓ＾２＋ｔ＾２）＾２（其中ｓ〉ｔ〉０，（ｓ，ｔ）＝１，ｓ＋ｔ≡１（ｍｏｄ２））在ｙ〉１时仅有正整数解ｘ＝ｙ＝ｚ＝２。     

广西林朵林场杉木大径材林分的生物生产力

结果表明：２６龄杉木纯林群落生物量平均为１８３．８９ｔ／ｈｍ２，其组成层次的生物量分配序列（％）为乔木层（９３．６０）＞枯枝落叶层（６．１４）＞灌草层（０．２６）。乔木层年平均净生产量为６．６２ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ，低于中心产区；平均木单株年平均净生产量１０．９３ｋｇ／ａ，高于中心产区，揭示现有林分密度偏小。２６年生林分平均树高和平均胸径分别为２０．７ｍ和２４．０ｃｍ，其干材生物量平均达６１．５％，适宜培育杉木大径材。     

一多项式系统的极限环

讨论了系统ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝－ｙ（１＋ｙ）＾ａ＋ｄ·Ｘ＾ａ＋ｘ＾ａ＋１＋ｄｘ＾２ｙ ｄｙ／ｄｔ＝ｘ＾２（１＋ａｘ＋ｙ）的极限环。彻底解决了该系统极限环存在的个数和分布问题。讨论的结果包含了文「１」。（α为正的奇数）。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to