Expression of a transfected human c-myc oncogene inhibits differentiation of a mouse erythroleukaemia cell line

The Friend-virus-derived mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) cell lines represent transformed early erythroid precursors that can be induced to differentiate into more mature erythroid cells by a variety of agents including dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). There is a latent period of 12 hours after inducer is added, when 80-90% of the cells become irreversibly committed to the differentiation programme, undergoing several rounds of cell division before permanently ceasing to replicate. After DMSO induction, a biphasic decline in steady-state levels of c-myc and c-myb messenger RNAs occurs. Following the initial decrease in c-myc mRNA expression, the subsequent increase occurs in, and is restricted to, the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We sought to determine whether the down-regulation is a necessary step in chemically induced differentiation. Experiments reported here indicate that expression in MEL cells of a transfected human c-myc gene inhibits the terminal differentiation process.     

Nucleotide sequence of chicken c-myb complementary DNA and implications for myb oncogene activation

Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), like other acute transforming viruses, arose by recombination between its helper virus and host cellular sequences. The latter sequences, termed v-myb, are responsible for the oncogenic properties of the virus. AMV causes acute myeloblastic leukaemia in chickens and transforms a specific class of haematopoietic cells in vitro, but does not induce morphological transformation of cultured fibroblasts, suggesting that only a restricted target-cell population is responsive to its transforming gene product. The normal cellular counterpart of v-myb, c-myb, is highly conserved and is present in all vertebrate and some invertebrate species examined. DNA rearrangements and altered expression of the myb oncogene have been reported in mouse lymphoid tumours and human myeloid and colon tumours. The mechanism of activation of the cellular proto-oncogenes is thought to involve the structural alteration of the coding regions that result in either the synthesis of an altered gene product or the enhanced expression of a proto-oncogene caused by alterations in its regulatory elements. To distinguish between these two mechanisms, we have cloned and sequenced the chicken c-myb complementary DNA and compared it with that of v-myb sequences. We demonstrate that during the transduction of the cellular sequences and/or viral passage a substantial portion of the coding region of the c-myb gene has been lost from both the 5' and 3' ends, resulting in the generation of a truncated gene product that mediates the transforming function of the virus.     

Antisense c-myb oligonucleotides inhibit intimal arterial smooth muscle cell accumulation in vivo.

Synthetic antisense oligonucleotides have been used to dissect gene function in vitro. Technical difficulties prevented the use of this approach for investigating the effect of gene products in vivo. Here we report the use of local delivery of antisense c-myb oligonucleotide to suppress intimal accumulation of rat carotid arterial smooth muscle cells. Our results suggest that antisense oligonucleotides can be used to define the in vivo biological role of specific macromolecules in the blood vessel wall and could potentially serve as a new class of therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disorders.     

Developmental regulation of T-cell receptor gene expression

In contrast to B cells or their antibody products, T lymphocytes have a dual specificity, for both the eliciting foreign antigen and for polymorphic determinants on cell surface glycoproteins encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC restriction). The recent identification of T-cell receptor glycoproteins as well as the genes encoding T-cell receptor subunits will help to elucidate whether MHC proteins and foreign antigens are recognized by two T-cell receptors or by a single receptor. An important feature of MHC restriction is that it appears to be largely acquired by a differentiating T-cell population under the influence of MHC antigens expressed in the thymus, suggesting that precursor T cells are selected on the basis of their reactivity with MHC determinants expressed in the host thymus. To understand this process of 'thymus education', knowledge of the developmental regulation of T-cell receptor gene expression is necessary. Here we report that whereas messenger RNAs encoding the beta-and gamma-subunits are relatively abundant in immature thymocytes, alpha mRNA levels are very low. Interestingly, whereas alpha mRNA levels increase during further development and beta mRNA levels stay roughly constant, gamma mRNA falls to very low levels in mature T cells, suggesting a role for the gamma gene in T-cell differentiation.     

编程性细胞死亡的研究进展

本文从ＰＣＤ有关的基因、蛋白质、信号等方面介绍了ＰＣＤ的研究进展．线虫的ｃｅｄ－３、ｃｅｄ－４、ｃｅｄ－９,哺乳动物的ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｃ－ｍｙｂ、ｍｙｄ、Ｂｃｌ－２Ｍｃｌ等是调节ＰＣＤ的重要基因．ＩＣＥ家族蛋白酶、Ｆａｓ、ＰＡＲＰ、蛋白激酶Ａ、酪氨酸蛋白激酶、整合素等蛋白质或酶与ＰＣＤ密切相关,而自杀信号、生存信号、外部信号等是ＰＣＤ重要的诱发因素．     

Viral myb oncogene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity

The retroviral oncogene v-myb and its cellular progenitor c-myb encode nuclear DNA-binding proteins. Myb genes have been identified in a broad range of species, including vertebrates, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the plant Zea mays. The localization of the DNA-binding domain of the v-MYB protein to the highly conserved amino-terminal region suggests that the MYB/DNA interaction is important for MYB function. We show here that v-MYB specifically recognizes the nucleotide sequence pyAACG/TG. So like other nuclear transforming proteins, v-MYB seems to be a member of the class of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors presumably involved in gene regulation.     

Effect of La^3＋ on osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells

Lanthanides are increasingly used in industry and agriculture in recent years. These applications increase the accumulation of lanthanides in the human body, especially in bone[1]. Thus, people paid extensive atten-tion to the effect of lanthanides on bon…     

Expression of neurofilament gene in spinal motoneurons during neural regeneration

The techniquein situ hybridization was used to measure the levels of light (NF-L), medium (NF-M) and heavy (NF-H) neurofilament protein subunits mRNA in L_4-6 spinal motoneurons in adult rat during regeneration following a unilateral crush of the sciatic nerve. It was found that the hybridization signals of each neurofilament subunit rnRNA were dramatically decreased in spinal motoneurons postaxotomy by light microscopy. The hybridization signals of NF-L and NF-M mRNA were located in cytoplasm of neurons, whereas NF-H mRNA was found in both nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. Image analysis showed that the encoding levels of mRNA for each of neurofilament subunit mRNA reduced on the 3rd d and returned to control levels on the 28th d following the lesion. The relative levels of mRNA coding for each neurofilament subunit were significantly different. The lowest level of NF-L mRNA was observed at 5 d postaxotomy, and that of NF-M, NF-H mRNA on the 7th and 10th d after injury. Moreover, the levels of HF-M and NF-H mRNA were reduced much lower and lasted much longer than that of NF-L mRNA. The observations suggest that there were different mechanisms for the regulation of neurofilament subunit genes expression. The reduced neurofilament gene expression may be due to a response to axonal injury and advance the restructure of axonal architecture.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶在东亚飞蝗两个种群mRNA的表达研究

为研究东亚飞蝗谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因(GSTs)表达与代谢能力的相关性,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对东亚飞蝗沧州和天津种群9个谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因的mRNA表达情况进行了研究.结果表明:9个GSTs基因在东亚飞蝗不同发育阶段具有表达差异,基因LmGST1、LmGST3、LmGST5、LmGST7和LmGST8随着蝗虫的生长发育表达量增高,这些基因可能影响虫体对有毒化学物质的敏感性.沧州种群GSTs的表达水平高于天津种群,据此推测沧州种群个体对有机磷农药的代谢解毒能力强,对杀虫剂的敏感性低.     

Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs

Animal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or by inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. It is unknown how much translational control is exerted by miRNAs on a genome-wide scale. We used a new proteomic approach to measure changes in synthesis of several thousand proteins in response to miRNA transfection or endogenous miRNA knockdown. In parallel, we quantified mRNA levels using microarrays. Here we show that a single miRNA can repress the production of hundreds of proteins, but that this repression is typically relatively mild. A number of known features of the miRNA-binding site such as the seed sequence also govern repression of human protein synthesis, and we report additional target sequence characteristics. We demonstrate that, in addition to downregulating mRNA levels, miRNAs also directly repress translation of hundreds of genes. Finally, our data suggest that a miRNA can, by direct or indirect effects, tune protein synthesis from thousands of genes.     

Aromatase and steroid sulfatase mRNA expression in fine needle aspirates from benign and malignant breast disorders

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) test is a convenient and tolerable technique with minimal invasion that is accepted by most women.Local estrogen synthesis depends mainly on the aromatase and steroid sulfatase pathways that are believed to play important roles in breast carcinogenesis.However,little is known about the level of aromatase and steroid sulfatase mRNA expression in FNA samples which contain only small amounts of tissue.The nested Q-PCR assay has been proven to be a highly sensitive and specific method to assess the aromatase expression of breast tissue.In this study,aromatase and steroid sulfatase mRNA expression in 74 patients with benign or malignant disorders was evaluated and compared using nested Q-PCR and non-nested Q-PCR assays.The expression levels were analyzed and correlated with clinical parameters.No difference in the aromatase expression levels between nested and non-nested Q-PCR was noticed.Age and aromatase mRNA expression level were two independent risk factors for breast cancer (P=0.04 and P=0.00,respectively),while menopausal status and steroid sulfatase mRNA expression levels were not associated with breast cancer.This study showed that both nested and non-nested Q-PCR assays were effective methods for research using FNA breast samples.     

不同时期绿色荧光裸鼠雌鼠血浆及组织中性激素水平变化

目的 了解不同妊娠期、泌乳期绿色荧光(Green Fluorescence Protein,简称GFP)裸鼠雌鼠血浆中雌激素、孕激素、泌乳素及各组织中泌乳素及泌乳素受体mRNA水平变化。方法 通过电化学发光法测定血浆中激素的水平,通过荧光定量PCR法测定泌乳素及泌乳素受体mRNA相对表达量。结果 GFP裸鼠雌鼠妊娠期内雌激素和泌乳素水平不断下降、孕激素的水平先升后缓慢下降、组织中泌乳素mRNA水平较低、泌乳素受体水平较高;而在泌乳期内雌激素、孕激素水平较稳定、组织中泌乳素mRNA水平较高,泌乳素受体水平较低。结论 不同时期GFP裸鼠雌鼠体内性激素的水平不同,参与裸鼠妊娠调控过程,为解决雌鼠不孕、易流产等问题提供了基础参考值和内分泌水平的解决思路。     

胚胎停育绒毛中HLA-G mRNA和蛋白水平的表达及差异

研究HLA-G mRNA及蛋白在早孕绒毛和胚胎停育绒毛中的表达及意义,在50例正常早期妊娠妇女和50例胚胎停育妇女绒毛中,半定量RT-PCR法检测HLA-G mRNA的水平。S-P免疫组织化学染色法检测HLA-G蛋白的水平。两组标本中HLA-G mRNA水平差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);胚胎停育绒毛标本中HLA-G蛋白水平降低,与正常早孕绒毛标本相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明HLA-G分子可能参与了胚胎停育的发生发展。     

BMP2，BMP4及BMP信号通路相关成员在发情周期小鼠子宫中的表达

研究目的：研究骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）2,4及BMP信号通路相关成员在发情周期小鼠子宫中的表达模式。创新要点：运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）系统地研究了Bmp2和Bmp4及其BMP信号通路相关成员在小鼠子宫中mRNA水平表达模式,同时运用免疫组化方法研究了BMP2蛋白在小鼠子宫中的定位模式。研究方法：重要结论：收集发情周期各个时期小鼠子宫,一侧子宫角贮存于液氮或-80℃冰箱用于实时荧光定量PCR,另一侧子宫角用40mg／ml多聚甲醛固定用于BMP2蛋白免疫组化定位。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,Bmp2的表达水平在发情前期显著高于发情期和发情后期（P〈0．05）,Bmp4的表达水平呈现显著波动,但Bmp2与Bmp4差异不显著（P〉0．05）。Bmprla和Bmpr2的表达水平在整个发情周期无显著变化（P〉0．05）。然而,Bmprlb的mRNA水平在发情期显著下降（P〈0．05）,在发情后期上升。此外,Bmprlb的mRNA水平显著低于相应时期Bmprla和Bmpr2的mRNA水平（P〈0．05）。三种R—Smads差异地表达于小鼠子宫,并且Smad1和Smad5的表达水平显著高于Smad8（P〈0．05）。此外,Smad4的表达水平在整个发情周期无显著变化。免疫组化结果显示,BMP2蛋白在整个发情周期差异表达,并主要定位于子宫腔上皮细胞和腺上皮细胞。我们的结果提供了BMP2和BMP4及其BMP信号通路相关成员mRNA水平表达变化信息,这些数据为论证BMP在子宫内膜中的作用如子宫内膜的退化与重塑提供量化和有用的信息。     

抑癌基因ING1在鼻咽癌中的表达及突变分析

本研究运用免疫组化技术、逆转录 - PCR( RT- PCR) ,PCR- SS-CP技术对鼻咽癌组织及鼻咽癌细胞系中 ING1的表达和突变进行检测 .结果发现 3 0例鼻咽癌标本中 ING1蛋白表达下调率为 70 % ( 2 1/ 3 0 ) ;ING1m RNA表达明显下调率为 4 6% ( 12 / 2 6) ,6例鼻咽癌细胞系中有 2例鼻咽癌细胞系表达明显下调 ,而 11例 ( 4 2 .5 % ) NPC组织及其它 4例细胞系表达与正常水平相当 ,另有 3例 ( 11.5 % )鼻咽癌组织过表达 ;单链构像多态性分析 ( SSCP)在鼻咽癌及鼻咽癌细胞系中均未发现突变 .结果表明ING1基因的转录及翻译表达水平与鼻咽癌的发生 /发展呈负相关 ,该基因的异常表达是鼻咽癌发生中的频发事件而与基因突变无关     

饲料添加剂硒和谷胱甘肽对微囊藻毒素胁迫下罗非鱼肝脏去毒相关基因诱导表达的影响

为从分子水平探讨饲料添加剂硒(Se)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)对淡水养殖鱼类肝脏微囊藻毒素胁迫下去毒分子机理的影响,实验杂交罗非鱼一组喂食含0.15 mg/kg Se的富硒酵母粉饲料,一组喂食含普通酵母粉的饲料,喂食一个月以上;实验尼罗罗非鱼一组喂食含1 g/kg GSH的饲料,一组喂食普通饲料,两组均饱食10 d.所有实验组再均分两组,一组腹腔注射磷酸缓冲液(PBS),一组按体质量注射腹腔注射50μg/kg微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR),24 h后分离肝脏组织.以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,采用半定量RT-PCR方法研究Se和GSH分别对罗非鱼肝脏去毒相关基因转录水平的诱导改变.结果表明,未喂食Se的实验组,杂交罗非鱼肝脏alpho-可溶性谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(sGSTA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)基因mRNA表达水平在腹腔注射50μg/kg MC-LR 24 h后,均较PBS组有诱导趋势;Se+MC-LR组sGSTA和GPX基因mRNA表达水平,均较Se+PBS组略低,可能与添加剂的低剂量添加相关.喂食GSH的实验组,尼罗罗非鱼腹腔注射MC-LR组,肝脏sGSTA基因mRNA表达水平较PBS组有诱导趋势;Se+MC-LR组GPX基因mRNA表达水平,较Se+PBS组有升高趋势,而sGSTA和rho-可溶性谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(sGSTR)基因mRNA表达水平则轻微降低.本实验首次从基因表达水平比较研究了Se和GSH对罗非鱼微囊藻毒素压力情况下,肝脏去毒酶基因表达的影响变化,为Se和GSH饲料添加剂在鱼类饲料中的合理添加提供分子水平的理论依据.