冀中拗陷北部天然气成藏系统及勘探方向

对冀中拗陷北部天然气成藏地质要素研究认为,该区发育下第三系湖相泥岩和石炭—二叠系煤系地层2套烃源岩,具备雾迷山组海相碳酸盐岩、寒武系—奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩、二叠系砂岩、下第三系砾岩和下第三系砂岩等5套有利储层,上古生界—新生界发育4套区域性盖层,依据已发现天然气的成熟度、地球化学指标和构造特征划分出生物气、生物热催化气、热解气、生物改造气和煤成气等5种天然气成因类型。通过对不同类型的天然气受控的成藏组合和构造背景分析,提出了冀中拗陷北部可划分为廊固凹陷深层、浅层和霸县凹陷深层等3个天然气成藏系统,总结了8种天然气成藏模式。综合评价认为,廊固凹陷和霸县凹陷2个深层天然气成藏系统具有较大的资源潜力,指出牛东深潜山带、大兴砾岩体和苏桥—文安潜山内幕等3个领域是有利勘探方向。     

东濮凹陷二氧化碳生成模拟试验研究

为了探明东濮凹陷二氧化碳的来源及其丰度 ,采用加水热解法对不同源岩进行了二氧化碳生成热模拟试验 .3个实验样品取自可能的二氧化碳源岩 :下第三系泥岩、石炭—二叠系的煤岩和古生界奥陶系的灰岩 .实验结果表明 ,煤岩的生气 (二氧化碳和烃类 )能力最大 ,70 0℃时达 1 86mL/g ,泥岩次之 ,为 1 0 0 96mL/g ,灰岩最小为 2 0 49mL/g .对生成气的成分分析结果表明 ,煤岩气体产物中烃类约占 80 %～ 90 %,CO2 约占 7%～ 1 5 %;奥陶系灰岩的生烃能力很小 ,主要生成CO2 气体 .根据东濮凹陷不同源岩的生气能力 ,以及对产物的成分和同位素值的分析 ,可得到以下结论 :该区二氧化碳主要有两个来源 ,一是无机成因的主要与海相碳酸岩分解有关 ,二是有机成因的 ,主要是石炭—二叠系煤系地层热分解产生的二氧化碳 .下第三系地层由于热演化程度低 ,难以产生规模二氧化碳     

山东朱家庄自然硫矿的成因与煤系地层的关系

本文着重对山东朱家庄自然硫矿床在成因方面与新汶煤田石炭、二迭系地层的关系作了些初步探讨。朱家庄自然硫矿床,赋存于磁新盆地下第三系官二段地层之中,它是一巨型沉积层控矿床。作者认为它在成因方面,不但受蒙山、徂徕主干断层的控制,而且在喜马拉雅山运动的影响下,多次复活,切割基底,沟通了石膏矿床与石炭、二迭系地层的联系,使煤在变质过程中产生的瓦斯以断层为通道进入石膏矿体,与石膏所在地层中的有机质一起作用,将石膏矿还原为硫化氢,再与地下水中的游离氧及煤系地层提供的结合氧作用,氧化为自然硫,它对今后寻找与煤系地层共生的自然硫矿及成因探讨具有一定的意义。     

渤海湾盆地天然气聚集带特征及形成条件

根据渤海湾富油盆地天然气的分布特征,探讨了该盆地主要天然气聚集带的地质特征及形成条件。该盆地较大规模的天然气聚集带均与石炭 二迭系煤成气有关;油型气聚集带主要是石油沿断裂向上运移过程中溶解气析离形成的浅层次生气。天然气聚集带的分布受二级构造带背景控制,主要天然气聚集带可归为隆起带型、凸起型、斜坡带型、断阶带型等。继承性发育的构造背景、有利的气源条件、良好的封盖保存等是控制天然气聚集带形成的主要地质因素     

惠民凹陷煤系烃源岩评价及潜力分析

采用常规静态实验和动力学模拟方法,判识惠民凹陷石炭—二叠统煤系烃源岩有机质类型,评价煤系烃源岩生气能力,建立煤岩生烃动力学参数,动态模拟生气过程。研究认为,惠民凹陷石炭—二叠纪煤系烃源岩属于中—好烃源岩,生烃潜力巨大,具有煤气成藏的物质基础,主要经历早三叠期和侏罗—白垩系二次生气高峰期,新生界沉积后基本没有生烃发生;煤成气藏未来的勘探重点在曲堤潜山构造带的东北部构造高点部分和局部高点部位、王判镇潜山带小而丰的甜点型气藏、济阳地堑东部的白桥断层遮挡的断块圈闭和西南缓坡带的靠近曲堤地堑一侧的部位。     

桥口、白庙地区天然气地球化学特征及气源追踪

目的 为指导油气勘探,对桥口、白庙地区油气的地球化学特征及气源追踪进行了研究。方法 通过对天然气成分、稳定碳同位素、稀有气体同位素等地化特征的对比研究,准确分析油气的来源地区和层位。结果 桥口地区油气主要来源于前梨园洼陷下第三系烃源岩,天然气为油型气;白庙地区油气成因比较复杂,有来源于前梨园洼陷、葛岗集洼陷的下第三系烃源岩和深部石炭-二叠纪煤系地层烃源岩,其构造翼部为油型气,构造腰部为混合气,构造高部为煤型气。结论 为气源分析提供了一种新方法,对天然气勘探有重要意义。     

渤海湾盆地天然气聚集带特征及形成条件

根据渤海湾富油盆地天然气的分布特征,探讨了该盆地主要天然气聚集带的地质特征及形成条件。该盆地较大规模的天然气聚集带均与石炭－二迭系煤成气有关;油型气聚集带主要是石油沿断裂向上运移过程中溶解气析离形成的浅层次生气。天然气聚集带的分布受二级构造带背景控制,主要天然气聚集带可归为隆起带型,凸起型,斜坡带型,断阶带型等。继承性发育的构造背景、有利的气源条件、良好的封盖保存等是控制天然气聚集带形成的主要地质     

东濮凹陷户部寨气田天然气成藏地球化学特征

主要通过天然气组分、碳同位素、氩同位素、轻烃等地球化学数据,分析了东濮凹陷户部寨气田天然气来源、运聚相态,并结合烃源岩的埋藏演化史和断层活动期,综合判断了天然气充注成藏的时间,分析了成藏过程。研究表明,户部寨气田沙三下亚段—沙四段天然气主要为沙一期石炭—二叠系生成的煤成气,运移以游离相为主,混有很少量东营中期濮卫洼陷沙三下—沙四上亚段生成的油型气。     

论冀中地区O、C—P凝析气藏的形成条件

据凝析油轻烃组成、甲烷及其同系物碳同位素组成、天然气与源岩吸附气指纹时比、双环倍半萜组合特征及地质结构的综合分析,查明O、C—P大多数提析气藏的油气主要来源于石炭—二叠系煤系腐植型有机质,混入了部分下第三系的油气。对石炭—二叠系成烃特点的分析表明,R。=0.6%～1.3%,以成气为主,生油为辅,原始油气比一般大于1OOCm3/t。成熟期的石炭—二叠系有机质的成烃特点和具备油气富集的良好地质条件是O、C—P凝析气藏形成的基本条件。     

沁水盆地煤系天然气系统富集成藏的主控因素分析

沁水盆地是我国最大的构造聚煤盆地,也是国内首个实现煤系天然气商业化开采的区块。盆地内石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、吸附能力强、含气量大,目前产能已超过20×108m3,具有良好的勘探开发潜力。以煤田、煤系天然气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主控因素,分析认为构造演化、埋藏史和热演化、沉积体系和水文地质条件是控制沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主要地质因素。沁水盆地两期生气都是在构造运动的影响下发生,煤系赋存状态为印支、燕山和喜山期构造运动叠加的结果,断裂及陷落柱发育区含气量低;区内煤层埋深呈现北部深南部浅,中部深东西部浅的特点,南部热演化程度高,煤系天然气含量大;沉积体系影响煤层的空间展布;水文地质条件关系着煤系天然气的形成和保存,弱水动力区为煤系天然气的有利区。     

Two accumulation modes of marine-origin natural gas in the Tarim Basin

HeUanhe gas field, Lungudong gas field and Tazhong gas field are marine marine-origin natural gas reservoirs in the craton area in the Tarim Basin. The natural gas is generated from Cambrian source rocks. The simulation experiment indicated that the cracking of the dispersedly dissoluble organic matter remaining in the source rocks is the main origin of marine natural gas. There are two modes to form gas reservoirs, one is the dry gas reservoir such as HeUanhe gas field, in which gas accumulated on the fault belt with violent tectonic movement, the other is condensate gas reservoir formed on the inheriting uplift such as Lunnan and Tazhong gas fields. The hybrid simulation experiment of cracking gas and crude oil indicated that crude oil accumulated on a large scale in those uplift belts at the early stage, and natural gas filled the ancient oil reservoir at the late stage, and the gas reservoirs were formed after the gas mixed with the crude oil.     

四川盆地震旦系下古生界天然气成藏过程和特征

四川盆地震旦系-下古生界具有三套泥质油系烃源岩,具有很好的生油潜力和生烃强度。受加里东隆升作用的影响,烃源岩有二次生、排烃的特征,三叠纪是主要圈闭形成期和二次生油的主峰期,大量的石油运聚至乐山-龙女寺古隆起范围内形成震旦系-下古生界古油藏。随着古油藏埋深的增加,温度和压力的增高,石油裂解成天然气,古油藏自身形成气源,在原地系统形成古气藏。这一过程持续到喜马拉雅期,之后受喜马拉雅运动的影响,强烈隆升和剥蚀,圈闭重新调整,气藏重新分配,最终形成现今气藏。因此,四川盆地震旦系-下古生界天然气的成藏过程是一个古油藏→古气藏→现今气藏的过程,具有生排差异、多期运聚、早聚晚藏的特征。     

渤深6潜山天然气成因及成藏条件

孤西断裂带深层天然气来源多,成因复杂,混源现象普遍.针对这一问题,运用天然气组分、稳定碳同位素、轻烃组成、稀有气体同位素和伴生原油生物标志物等多种指标,与邻区天然气进行对比,认为该区带中渤深6潜山下古生界天然气主要为高成熟油型气,混有部分伴生气;天然气与原油同源,主要源自渤南洼陷Es4上烃源岩,也存在Es3下烃源岩的贡献.成藏条件分析表明:气源条件充足,储盖组合良好,沟通油气源的断层和不整合面发育,生烃期晚,天然气保存有利,是该区油气富集的关键.     

巴西被动大陆边缘盆地群大油气田形成条件

基于板块构造演化与岩相古地理特征,确定了巴西东海岸被动大陆边缘盆地群经历了早白垩世巴雷姆期陆内裂谷、阿普特期陆间裂谷、阿尔比期以来的被动大陆边缘3 个原型阶段,分别充填了湖相及河流三角洲、过渡相碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩、海相碎屑岩为主的沉积体系。其中,陆内裂谷阶段湖相烃源岩为大油气田形成奠定了丰富的资源基础;陆间裂谷期碳酸盐岩及被动陆缘阶段海相浊积砂体形成两类优质储集层;陆间裂谷期蒸发岩及被动陆缘阶段海相页岩分别为碳酸盐岩及浊积砂体形成高效区域盖层。裂谷期湖相烃源岩始新世—中新世开始生排烃,油气首先沿裂谷期断层及砂砾岩体进入盐下储集层中,如果不发育盐窗,油气直接被盐岩高效封盖在下伏的以碳酸盐岩为主的地层中,形成盐下碳酸盐岩成藏组合;否则油气则会沿盐运动形成的断层运移至盐上被海相页岩“包裹”的浊积砂体之中富集,形成了“双保险”型大油气田成藏模式。搞清该盆地群大油气田的主控因素与成藏模式,不但深化了被动大陆边缘盆地油气富集规律,而且能为中国石油公司制定南美油气发展战略奠定地质基础。     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

松辽盆地双坨子气田天然气汞含量特征

 为探讨松辽盆地双坨子气田天然气汞含量分布特征及其成因, 选取该气田7 口气井作为研究对象, 在对采集的天然气进行汞含量检测的同时, 开展天然气组分和烷烃碳同位素分析。检测结果显示, 双坨子气田天然气汞含量介于11~29200 ng/m³之间, 平均为17600 ng/m³, 属于中、低含汞天然气。双坨子气田天然气汞含量随产层深度的增加而增大, 深层天然气要远高于中、浅层天然气, 天然气汞含量的分布特征明显受该盆地双层地质结构的控制。研究表明, 双坨子气田汞含量分布特征既与天然气类型有关, 也与气源岩热演化程度有关。双坨子气田深层天然气为煤型气, 中、浅层气则为油型气或油型气-煤型气的混合气。气源岩热演化程度的不同, 是造成双坨子气田与其邻近的长深气田天然气汞含量差异较大的根本原因。     

吐哈盆地北部山前带下侏罗统天然气气源与成藏模式

为了明确山前带柯柯亚下侏罗统气藏,对于这套位于中上侏罗统油气藏之下的天然气性质、来源及成藏模式,运用地球化学分析和天然气气藏解剖方法进行研究.研究结果表明:本区天然气甲烷碳同位素分布在-44.0‰～－38.7‰,乙烷碳同位分布在-29.0‰～－27.5‰,属于偏腐泥型的腐殖气,伴生原油的物理性质和生物标志物呈现出典型的成熟煤系油特征,并与中上侏罗统油气来源不同,即地质条件和地球化学数据都证明天然气母质处于成熟演化阶段,垂向运移距离短,来自八道湾组煤系泥岩;天然气大量充注前大面积致密储层的形成、下侏罗统异常超压的发育以及源储的紧密叠置,都是形成致密砂岩气藏的地质条件.     

The consideration and choice on exploiting energy source

A problem of petroleum energy crisis will probably be faced in the late 21st century. It is impossible to discover the giant oil fields again based on the traditional knowledge and theory of petroleum geology. From the global development point of view as well as the situation in China, the five choices of energy source in the future are to (i) extend the field of exploration in conventional petroleum and natural gas source, and exploit oil-gas source in ocean and some basins of northwestern China; (ii) discover unconventional oil and natural gas source: abiogenic gas, deep oil and gas, gas hydrates, coal bed gas and so on; (iii) develop techniques of cleansing, gasifying and liquefying coal for highly effective utilization, and transform coal into electricity and at the same time pay attention to the environment protection and pollution control as well; (iv) carry out researches on the theory and technology of producing and storing hydrogen in order to seek for its effective and economical utilization; (v) pay attention to and carry out the research in advance on exploiting the source of³He isotope on the moon and using the D-³He controlled nuclear fusion as fuel.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.