HBV包膜大蛋白、中蛋白和HBsAg疫苗免疫原性的比较

目的:检测HBV包膜大蛋白(L蛋白)、中蛋白(M蛋白)和HBsAg疫苗的免疫原性.方法:采用本实验室表达纯化得到的HBV包膜大蛋白、中蛋白与市售疫苗(主要成分为HBsAg),以2、10g剂量免疫家兔.ELISA检测抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平变化.结果:注射了L蛋白、M蛋白和HBsAg疫苗的家兔实验组产生的抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平有着非常明显的差别.注射了L蛋白、M蛋白的家兔在14d即可检测出抗HBsAg抗体,而注射HBsAg的家兔分别在21d和28d才能检测到抗HBsAg抗体.同时注射L蛋白实验组产生的抗HBsAg抗体滴度水平要比注射同剂量HBsAg实验组高出50%,并且注射2gL蛋白的实验组比注射10gHBsAg蛋白的实验组更快出现了抗HBsAg抗体,且抗体滴度水平更高.结论:L蛋白比M蛋白及市售疫苗的免疫原性强,不但产生抗体时间提前,而且滴度高,是新一代高效乙肝疫苗的优选蛋白.     

汉滩病毒嵌合基因 G150.7 重组腺病毒免疫学特性研究

对本室已构建的汉滩病毒糖蛋白(GP)和核蛋白(NP)的嵌合基因GlS0.7重组腺病毒的免疫学特性进行研究.将汉滩病毒含有G1S0.7嵌合基因的重组腺病毒直接免疫Balb/c小鼠,用ELISA、微量细胞培养中和实验及淋巴细胞增殖实验检测小鼠的免疫应答效果.用该重组腺病毒免疫的小鼠,可诱导产生抗汉滩病毒NP及GP特异性的抗体,抗体效价分别为1:320及1:40.同时重组腺病毒还可刺激机体产生低水平的中和抗体和明确的淋巴细胞增殖反应.说明所构建的汉滩病毒嵌合基因G150.7重组腺病毒,可同时刺激机体产生特异性的抗汉滩病毒体液免疫应答及细胞免疫应答.     

汉滩病毒嵌合基因G2S0.7重组腺病毒免疫学特性研究

对汉滩病毒糖蛋白 (GP)和核蛋白 (NP)的嵌合基因G2S0 .7重组腺病毒的免疫学特性进行研究。将汉滩病毒含有G2S0 .7嵌合基因的重组腺病毒直接免疫Balb/c小鼠 ,用ELISA、微量细胞培养中和实验及淋巴细胞增殖实验检测免疫应答效果 ,以研究嵌合基因的免疫效果。结果用该重组腺病毒免疫的小鼠 ,可诱导产生抗汉滩病毒NP及GP特异性的抗体 ,抗体效价分别为 1 :1 6 0及 1 :2 0。同时重组腺病毒还可刺激机体产生低水平的中和抗体和明确的淋巴细胞增殖反应。说明汉滩病毒嵌合基因G2S0 .7重组腺病毒 ,既可刺激机体产生特异性的抗汉滩病毒体液免疫应答 ,也可刺激机体产生特异性的细胞免疫应答 ,本研究为汉滩病毒基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了实验基础     

抗转铁蛋白受体单抗可变区基因克隆和序列分析

目的:制备基因工程抗体,减少或消除鼠源性单抗在人体内的免疫原性,保留其对人体抗原配体的高度特异性,发展临床导向诊断和治疗。方法:从体外分泌抗转铁蛋白受体单抗杂交瘤细胞系7579中,对其单抗可变区基因进行克隆和序列分析。利用逆转录PRG技术扩增轻、重链可变区基因,再分别与pGEM-T载体连接、并克隆于JM109受体菌之中。利用荧光染色链终止法测定其序列,采用DNASIS7分析软件和与NIH基因库比较分析。结果:轻、重链可变区分别由139和128氨基酸残基组成,包括信号作、互补决定区和骨架氨基酸残基等功能序列。分别属于鼠免疫球蛋白重连Ⅱc和k链Ⅵ家族。结论:来自单抗的可变区的基因是完整的和具有潜在功能性的,为体外获得抗转铁蛋白受体基因工程抗体奠定了基础。     

抗人前列腺素D合成酶嵌合抗体基因的构建

采用RT-PCR技术,从1株稳定分泌抗人L-PGDS单克隆抗体的鼠杂交瘤细胞中扩增抗体的可变区基因,得2个Vk和1个VH．序列经Igblast比对分析,其中1个VK为鼠骨髓瘤细胞系内固有的无功能基因;另-Vk和VH具备鼠抗体可变区特征,为抗体功能基因．经双酶切,将抗体可变区功能基因分别与表达载体pAG4622、pAH4604中的人IgG相应恒定区相连,构建成抗人L-PGDS的人-鼠嵌合抗体基因。     

重用抗体优良片断的免疫进化算法

基于克隆选择原理与算法,通过分析具体现象阐述了改进克隆选择算法的思想来源,设计了挖掘抗体中优秀决定基因并生成记忆集、封装优秀决定基片段、用变异抗体群中亲和度高的抗体按概率替换记忆抗体群中低亲和度抗体的方法,获得了重用抗体优良片断的克隆选择算法.借鉴强度Pareto进化算法的进化框架,提出了重用抗体优良片断的免疫进化算法.该算法通过克隆选择替代选择、交叉、重组等遗传操作.在一组0/1背包问题上的测试结果表明,所提出的算法可以有效保持种群多样性,获得较高质量的Pareto非劣解集.
     

p53抗体与恶性肿瘤

p53基因是人类肿瘤中突变频率最高的抑癌基因,几乎发生于所有的恶性肿瘤.突变基因编码的p53蛋白释放入血,可诱发机体自身免疫应答,产生p53自身抗体.在肿瘤病人和高危人群中检测血清p53抗体可以反映早期p53基因突变,作为一种新的肿瘤生物学指标,p53抗体有望在恶性肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗、预后、监测、复发等方面发挥重要作用.     

CDV,CPV,CAV三联DNA疫苗的实验免疫研究

 犬瘟热病毒(CDV)、犬细小病毒(CPV)、犬腺病毒(CAV)是引起犬传染病的主要病原体,严重危害犬的健康,基因疫苗具有安全和克服幼犬母源抗体对主动免疫干扰的优点.根据CDV的H基因、CPV的VP1基因、犬2型腺病毒(CAV-2)F基因的核苷酸序列,用PCR或RT-PCR方法扩增克隆目的基因,分别构建了pIRCDV-H,pIRESVP1和pcCAV-F 3个真核表达质粒并进行了序列验证,用3种免疫质粒经纯化后混合对15只犬进行免疫,所有接种混合基因疫苗的犬,2次免疫后即可产生较高的抗体水平,攻毒后大部分犬能抵抗3种强毒的攻击,对照犬发病严重,证明所构建的核酸疫苗在一定程度上可抵抗强毒的攻击.     

聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺负载超顺磁纳米Fe3O4的合成及其基因转染应用

采用单甲基醚聚乙二醇改性聚乙烯亚胺,得到水溶性接枝共聚物聚乙二醇接枝支化聚乙烯亚胺(mPEG-g-PEI),并利用离子交换法制备了PEG-PEI-SPIO. 同时,还合成了mal-PEG-COOH,并用其制备了多功能负载SPIO的抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺. 负载SPIO的抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺与pDNA复合后形成的复合物粒径约为105 nm,体外实验结果显示T细胞能特异性的吸收抗体-聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺负载的SPIO,靶向组在基因转染实验中有较好的效果,可用磁共振手段进行实时无创观测.     

HIV-1复合多表位基因的原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

为表达HIV-1复合多表位基因并制备其多克隆抗体.设计引物,以HIV-1标准株全长cDNA序列为模板,PCR扩增获得p24基因片段;合成改造后的多个表位基因MEG并且与p24片段相连接,克隆入大肠杆菌.将测序正确的p24MEG基因克隆入原核表达载体pET32a并诱导表达.采用Ni2 -NTA亲和柱纯化目的蛋白,以p24抗体对纯化蛋白进行Western-blot分析.将纯化的融合蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体.通过PCR成功获得长度为651 bp的HIV-1的p24片段,获得了与多表位基因连接后的p24MEG基因,通过诱导表达,显示在相对分子量约45 000处有预计大小的特异性条带,表明成功表达出融合蛋白.经此纯化的融合蛋白免疫的家兔能产生特异性抗体,其滴度达到1:3 200.纯化的融合蛋白和多克隆抗体为研究新型HIV疫苗奠定一定的理论和实践基础.     

烟草花叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

经工程菌表达与纯化,得到了纯度95%以上的TMV-CP-F重组蛋白,配合提取的TMV天然病毒颗粒作为免疫原.通过杂交瘤技术获得了14株能分泌特异针对TMV外壳蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株.经鉴定14株细胞所分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1型,抗体轻链均为κ型.经ProteinA一步法亲和层析纯化所得抗体经鉴定相对分子质量在149.36～157.23 ku之间,抗体纯度在80%以上.经间接ELISA测定,14株抗体均与TMV-CP重组蛋白和TMV病毒有良好特异性反应.所制备的抗TMV抗体的特异性高,可用于与其相关的免疫检测研究和应用.     

Man-made antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies can now be genetically engineered and endowed with new properties. In the future, gene technology could enable antigen-binding fragments to be made by exploiting repertoires of variable domain genes derived from immunized animals and expressed in bacteria. How readily can this approach be extended to production of 'in vitro' repertoires of variable domain genes, and obviate the immunization of animals?     

Hexon-chimaeric adenovirus serotype 5 vectors circumvent pre-existing anti-vector immunity

A common viral immune evasion strategy involves mutating viral surface proteins in order to evade host neutralizing antibodies. Such immune evasion tactics have not previously been intentionally applied to the development of novel viral gene delivery vectors that overcome the critical problem of anti-vector immunity. Recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector-based vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other pathogens have proved highly immunogenic in preclinical studies but will probably be limited by the high prevalence of pre-existing anti-Ad5 immunity in human populations, particularly in the developing world. Here we show that rAd5 vectors can be engineered to circumvent anti-Ad5 immunity. We constructed novel chimaeric rAd5 vectors in which the seven short hypervariable regions (HVRs) on the surface of the Ad5 hexon protein were replaced with the corresponding HVRs from the rare adenovirus serotype Ad48. These HVR-chimaeric rAd5 vectors were produced at high titres and were stable through serial passages in vitro. HVR-chimaeric rAd5 vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus Gag proved comparably immunogenic to parental rAd5 vectors in naive mice and rhesus monkeys. In the presence of high levels of pre-existing anti-Ad5 immunity, the immunogenicity of HVR-chimaeric rAd5 vectors was not detectably suppressed, whereas the immunogenicity of parental rAd5 vectors was abrogated. These data demonstrate that functionally relevant Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies are focused on epitopes located within the hexon HVRs. Moreover, these studies show that recombinant viral vectors can be engineered to circumvent pre-existing anti-vector immunity by removing key neutralizing epitopes on the surface of viral capsid proteins. Such chimaeric viral vectors may have important practical implications for vaccination and gene therapy.     

车间流程的免疫调度算法

为了高效地解决车间流程(Flow Shop)问题,提出了一种利用免疫算法求解Flow Shop调度问题的方法.该算法是根据人或者其他高等动物的免疫系统机理设计的,将调度目标和约束条件作为抗原,将问题的解作为抗体,对抗体采用按工件加工顺序进行自然数编码,并把最大流程时间的倒数作为适应度函数,新抗体的繁殖是通过部分匹配交叉算子和按工件顺序互换的变异算子实现的,对抗体产生的刺激和抑制通过抗体浓度来调节,而抗体浓度通过计算抗体之间的最大亲和力获得.通过对Flow Shop问题的基准测试表明,该算法不仅在求解问题的规模上具有很好的可伸缩性,而且在运算时间上也低于遗传算法和模拟退火算法.     

临床异种移植百年进展(述评)

美国最近连续报道4例基因工程猪供给人的异种器官移植，这些进展打破了异种移植临床研究领域近30年的沉静。尤其是实验性的猪心脏移植取得初步成功，引发了广泛的关注。异种移植面向未来的临床应用迈出了关键性一步。这4个案例，无论是创新精神、技术进步、审批流程，还是伦理学的同步跟进，都值得我国同行学习和借鉴。30年来，基因工程（GE）动物器官已经能在非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）模型中长时间存活。这些实验中，预存抗体、补体激活、凝血状态等机制参与的超急性排异反应基本上得到有效控制。异种移植已经达到临床应用的起跑点。然而，未来仍然有四大问题需要解决：免疫排斥、生物安全、跨种适配和伦理心理。本文简要概括临床异种移植百年来的主要进展，其困难程度可见一斑，但希望和探索从未终止。     

基因工程抗体研究进展及其临床应用

基因工程抗体是继多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体之后的第三代抗体.近年来随着生物工程技术的发展,许多基因工程抗体陆续问世,本文详细介绍了基因工程抗体的研究进展,概述了基因工程抗体在临床方面的明显优势和应用潜力.     

IB-ELISA诊断试剂的研究

目的　为鸡群日常监测传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)抗体提供一个方便、特异、快速的检测方法。方法　利用 9日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔接种培养IBV ,以及鸡胚成纤维细胞传代培养IBV ,经纯化后 ,测定蛋白含量 ,作为包被抗原 ,利用过碘酸盐法标记兔抗鸡IgG作为酶结合物 ,用TMB作为显色剂 ,建立起酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)技术 ,检测血清样品中传染性支气管炎抗体。结果　上述两种方法制备的抗原皆可用于此试验 ,与NDV、MDV、IBDV、AIV、APIV、REV、ILTV、IC、MG、MS等抗血清无交叉反应 ,与IDEXXIB ELISA比较 ,结果吻合较好。结论　本研究制备的IB ELISA诊断试剂 ,可用于日常监测传染性支气管炎病毒抗体     

Localization of the binding site for the human high-affinity Fc receptor on IgG

A major pathway in the clearance of pathogens involves the coating of the pathogen with specific antibodies, and the binding of the antibody Fc region to cell receptors. This can trigger engulfment of the pathogen by phagocytes or lysis by killer cells. By oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis we have engineered a single amino acid change in a mouse IgG2b antibody (Glu 235----Leu) which now enables the antibody to bind to the FcRI (high affinity) receptor on human monocytes with a 100-fold improvement in affinity. This indicates that Leu 235 is a major determinant in the binding of antibody to FcRI and that the receptor may interact directly with the region linking the CH2 domain to the hinge. Tailoring the affinity of antibodies for cell receptors could help dissect their role in clearing pathogen.     

Fc receptor but not complement binding is important in antibody protection against HIV

Most successful vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies and this property is a high priority when developing an HIV vaccine. Indeed, passively administered neutralizing antibodies have been shown to protect against HIV challenge in some of the best available animal models. For example, antibodies given intravenously can protect macaques against intravenous or mucosal SHIV (an HIV/SIV chimaera) challenge and topically applied antibodies can protect macaques against vaginal SHIV challenge. However, the mechanism(s) by which neutralizing antibodies afford protection against HIV is not understood and, in particular, the role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions is unclear. Here we report that there is a dramatic decrease in the ability of a broadly neutralizing antibody to protect macaques against SHIV challenge when Fc receptor and complement-binding activities are engineered out of the antibody. No loss of antibody protective activity is associated with the elimination of complement binding alone. Our in vivo results are consistent with in vitro assays indicating that interaction of Fc-receptor-bearing effector cells with antibody-complexed infected cells is important in reducing virus yield from infected cells. Overall, the data suggest the potential importance of activity against both infected cells and free virus for effective protection against HIV.     

A 42K outer-membrane protein is a component of the yeast mitochondrial protein import site

An engineered precursor protein that sticks in the import site of isolated yeast mitochondria can be specifically photo-crosslinked to a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein of relative molecular mass 42,000 (42K). This protein (termed import-site protein 42 or ISP 42) is exposed on the mitochondrial surface; antibodies against it block protein import into mitochondria. ISP 42 is the first identified component of the putative transmembrane machinery that imports proteins into mitochondria.