Sequence analysis of the gene correlated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in rape-seed (Brassica napus) Polima and Shaan 2A

orf224 is a CMS-related mitochondrial gene discovered in Polima cytoplasm. Shaan 2A CMS line is the parent of the first rapeseed hybrid cultivar Qinyou No. 2 that has been grown in many regions of China. In this work, genomic DNA of Polima CMS line and Shaan 2A CMS line were used as templates, two primers of specific oligonucleotides at 5′ and 3′ ends were used, PCR was performed, the amplification fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vectors and DNA sequences were determined. The CMS-associated gene, orf224-1 present in Shaan 2A CMS line, has a sequence highly homologous to the orf224 of the Polima CMS line, except for one nucleotide at position +398. There were only one base (AAC→AGC) and one amino acid (Asn →Ser) differences between the two. The homologies of the two sequences in nucleotide and amino acid were 99.9% and 99.6%, respectively. It is concluded that orf224 in Polima CMS line and orf224-1 of Shaan 2A CMS line are the allele at the same locus in mitochondria.     

水稻配子体细胞质雄性不育基因orf79/orfH79的变异多态性研究

线粒体基因组异常嵌合基因orf79/orfH79被证实为水稻配子体细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）基因。为了调查配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79在水稻资源中的遗传与变异,来自不同国家的31份水稻材料被用于PCR检测。10份水稻材料被检测出具有配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79,表明配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79在水稻资源中具有较高的分布频率（32.2%）。DNA序列分析显示水稻配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79具有非常保守的遗传特性（98.3%）,只有4个多态性碱基位点被检测出,4个碱基位点的变异导致多肽ORF79/ORFH79三个氨基酸位点的改变。基于orf79/orfH79 DNA序列的聚类分析系显示10份水稻材料被分成了3个类群,表明配子体CMS胞质在水稻资源中存在多种变异模式。研究结果为新水稻CMS胞质的发掘与培育提供重要的理论和实验依据。     

白菜hau CMS不育系特异分子标记的开发与应用

以不同胞质的白菜和芥菜为材料,将hau CMS胞质的线粒体基因组与芸薹属植物中其他的细胞质雄性不育系的线粒体基因组进行比较,再经生物信息学分析,筛选得到hau CMS线粒体基因组上特异的序列,并根据该序列信息开发出用于鉴定白菜hau CMS类型的分子标记hau CMS-Specific.同时,通过序列对比分析发现hau CMS线粒体基因组缺失但其他胞质共有的线粒体基因组序列.根据该序列信息,开发了互补检测的分子标记hau CMS-Deletion.最后利用hau CMS、ogu CMS、pol CMS、oxa CMS、orf220CMS等不同胞质类型材料的DNA成功验证了这两对标记.     

黑白花奶牛“白细胞粘附缺陷症”（LAD）的分子生物学分析与诊断

从一患白细胞粘附缺陷症（ＬＡＤ）的黑白花奶牛犊的核苷酸顺序分析中，发现牛的抗原分子分化群１８（ＣＤ１８）的基因密码有二处发生了点突变；一处在第３８３核苷酸上，在此处原有的腺瞟吟已被鸟嘌呤取代；另一处在第７７５核苷酸上，在此处原有的胞嘧啶被胸腺嘧啶取代了。在第７７５核苷酸的突变是静止的，因为它并没有使其相应的氨基酸顺序发生改变。在第３８３核苷酸的突变，使其在相应的氨基酸顺序中第１２８位氨基酸位置上的天门冬氨酸被甘氨酸（Ｄ１２８Ｇ）所替代。一种用于牛的Ｄ１２８Ｇ等位基因的快速筛选诊断方法已作了说明。在美国，在黑白花奶牛中Ｄ１２８Ｇ等位基因的携带率在公牛中占１４．１％，在母牛中占５．８％。这一突变基因已流行于世界各地的黑白花奶牛之中。     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素的基因测序与分析

对国内A型肉毒杆菌毒素基因测序,分析了解毒素基因结构并推测其氨基酸序列。提取肉毒杆菌总DNA,利用自行设计的引物对目的基因进行PCR扩增,把目的基因导入E.Coli JM109,筛选含目的基因的阳性克隆菌进行测序和分析,从而了解毒素基因结构并推测其氮基酸序列。对A型肉毒杆菌毒素基因的核苷酸序列成功测序并与GenBank中的相应序列比较,其序列同源性为96％。推测其氨基酸序列同源性为100％。成功地对A型肉毒杆菌毒素的基因进行了测序,这为肉毒杆菌毒素中毒的快速诊断,以及进一步探求以基因工程方法生产此毒素奠定基础。     

甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育系盛花期一些生理特性的研究

对盛花期甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不良系和保持系叶片在色素含量，色素丙酮提取液吸收光谱，干物质含量，类囊体膜蛋白质方面的对比研究表明，不育系叶片的生理生化表现水平在盛花期已接近保持系，其生理生化功能并无缺陷，而仅在幼苗期由于温度的影响没有完全表现出来；不良系叶片和花药的过氧化物酶活性均高于保持系。     

鹅细小病毒CHv强毒株VP3基因克隆及遗传进化

根据Genbank中的鹅细小病毒(GPV)B株全基因序列,设计合成一对引物,应用PCR技术扩增了GPV强毒株CHv的VP3基因片段,将扩增后的VP3基因重组到pMD18-T质粒载体上,并对插入片段进行序列测定,将测序结果及由该结果推导的氨基酸序列与国内外分离的GPV、MDPV、PPV和CPV等不同宿主的细小病毒的VP3进行比对分析。结果表明:中国四川分离的GPV CHv株VP3基因长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,与国内外10株GPV的VP3基因进行比较,核苷酸同源性为93.4%~99.8%,氨基酸同源性为96.5%~99.3%,其变异较小,是GPV保持一个血清型的分子基础。与番鸭细小病毒的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为79.6%和89.9%,而与其他种属的细小病毒同源性均在30%以下,表明它们与GPV CHv株亲缘关系较远。     

甜菊钙调蛋白基因的克隆及结构分析

钙调蛋白（Calmodulin）是生物细胞内一种重要的调控蛋白，通过其与靶酶的相互作用控制细胞正常的生长发育及细胞对外界环境变化的反应，我们从甜菊顶芽和花芽中提取总RNA，逆转录合成cDNA第一链，以此为模板，参考GenBank上已发表植物的钙调蛋白基因序列合成5′端和3′端引物，利用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）扩增并克隆得到了甜菊钙调蛋白基因的两个异型基因，序列分析表明，它们均由450个核苷酸组成，编码148个氨基酸，在核苷酸序列上与迄今已知的多种植物钙调蛋白均有很高的同源性，同源率在83％以上，编码的氨基酸序列同源性更同，同源率高达95％以上，这两个基因之间存在差异，其核苷酸序列同源率为85％，编码区的氨基酸序列的同源率为99％，仅在第122个氨基酸由ALA代替了VAL。     

Genetic mapping of telomere-associated sequences in soybean ( Glycine max )

Two telomere-associated sequences (TAS), named STAS8 and STAS10, were cloned from soybean genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Southern analysis showed that they were sequences with moderate copy number in soybean genome. Sequence analysis demonstrated that STAS10 had tandemly arrayed con sensus sequences of TTTAGGG and TIAGGG . The mapping of these two TAS was performed with a population of F8 re combinant inbred line using restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP). Seven out of nine polymorphic fragments were mapped to the most distal position of five linkage groups, Dla, F, G2, H and Q of soybean, and the other two loci were closely linked and mapped to two interstitial positions within linkage group D1a. The mapping of TAS in soybean is essential for completeness of a molecular genetic map of soybean.     

Somatic variants of murine immunoglobulin lambda light chains

Studies of the murine lambda light chains produced by myeloma cells provided the first evidence for somatic point mutation of germ-line variable (V) region genes. An examination of the variable regions of 19 lambda 1 chains revealed seven which differed from a common sequence by one to three amino acid substitutions. Subsequently, one of these presumed somatic variants of the single lambda 1 V gene was characterized by DNA sequence analysis of the rearranged functional gene. The predicted DNA sequence alteration was observed and no silent mutation was evident. These studies of lambda chain variants suggested that the hypervariable, complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) ht be a preferred site of somatic mutation because all seven characterized variants contained substitutions only in these regions. By contrast, comparisons of closely related kappa chain variable region amino acid sequences, and more recently VK and VH genes, have suggested that somatic mutation probably occurs in codons for both framework and CDR residues. To examine this apparent discrepancy between the sites of somatic mutations in lambda and kappa genes, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of two lambda 1 gene from hybridomas and a lambda 2 gene from a myeloma. These sequences demonstrate that somatic mutation in lambda genes can occur in both the framework and CDR residues.     

马铃薯天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因克隆和结构分析

以马铃薯基因组ＤＮＡ为模板并基于天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列所设计的两个引物，通过ＰＣＲ扩增得到６６６ｂｐ的天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因编码区，并将此片段克隆到ｐＵＣ１８的ＳｍａＩ位点．序列分析结果表明该基因除去末端一终止密码子外其可译框架编码２２１个氨基酸残基，前导肽包括３２个氨基酸残基，故该抑制剂的成熟蛋白由１８９个氨基酸组成，第６７位的精氨酸为抑制胰蛋白酶的活性中心．与ｃＤＮＡ相比核苷酸的同源性为９４．３％，氨基酸的同源性为９０％．基因ＤＮＡ无内含子．     

羧甲基淀粉CMS的应用

阐述了一种用于造纸的新型淀粉衍生物一羧甲基淀粉(QMS)，进行了浆内添加的试验．CMS可以直接溶于水，使用方便；浆内添加时有较好的增强和助留效果。     

Characterization and molecular marker screening of a rice bacteria-resistant gene Xa-min(t)

To test the resistant spectrum of the Xa-min(t) gene introgressed from Oryza minuta, thirty-four isolates of different bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), from 11 countries were used to inoculate the Xa-min(t) introgression line 78-15. Four rice cultivars, IR24, C64 (IRBB21), Nipponbare and Zhonghua 11 were used as controls. The results showed that the Xa-min(t) gene was broad-spectrum and highly resistant to diverse Xoo isolates. The methods of bulk segregant analysis (BSA), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were used to analyze F2 individuals of the hybrid IR24×78-15 and molecular genetic markers linked to Xa-min(t) gene were identified. A total of 800 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used for RAPD analysis. Two RAPD markers, BE05300 and BE061400, produced by primers BE05 and BE06 respectively, were closely linked to the Xa-min(t) gene. Based on the sequences of these two markers, sequence specific primers were designed and used to screen all F2 plants. One RAPD marker, BE05300, was converted into a stable SCAR marker (ScBE05300). Linkage analysis was carried out using markers ScBE05300 and BE061400 on 948 and 719 F2 individuals of the hybrid IR24×78-15. Our results indicate that the genetic distances from Xa-min(t) to ScBE05300 and BE061400 are 2.2 cM and 3.7 cM respectively on the same side. This study may facilitate the construction of the fine physical map of the Xa-min(t) gene.     

Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the major protein of hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

DNA extracted from hepatitis B virus Dane particles has been cloned in bacteria using a plasmid vector. A full-length clone has been examined by restriction endonuclease analysis, and the nucleotide sequence of an 892-base pair fragment from cloned hepatitis B viral DNA encoding the surface antigen gene is reported. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA indicates that the surface antigens is a protein consisting of 226 amino acids and with a molecular weight of 25,398. The portion of the gene coding for this protein apparently contains no intervening sequences.     

豇豆钙调蛋白cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从豇豆成熟叶片中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA第一链,根据钙调蛋白结构基因两端保守序列设计引物,PCR扩增豇豆钙调蛋白基因,克隆到T-easy载体上并测定了其全序列.序列分析结果表明,豇豆钙调蛋白基因由450个核苷酸组成,编码150个氨基酸.与已知的多种植物钙调蛋白基因相比有很高的相似性,核苷酸序列相似性在80%以上,编码的氨基酸序列相似性在90%以上.     

从rbcL基因序列研究明福1号及其近似种苏丹草的亲缘关系

本实验通过对明福 1号及其近似种苏丹草的叶绿体 rbc L基因序列的测定和变异位点的分析 ,结果表明 :明福 1号 rbc L序列的 G+ C百分含量为 4 2 .93% ,而苏丹草 rbc L序列的 G+ C百分含量为 4 3.0 9% ;明福1号与苏丹草的 rbc L 序列的变异位点很少 ,仅为 4个 ,分别位于第 12 4 bp、6 41bp、84 9bp、880 bp位点上 ,总变异位点占总性状位点 (96 3bp)的 0 .4 1% ;同时 ,明福 1号与苏丹草的相似系数为 0 .997,表明明福 1号与苏丹草有极高的亲缘关系。     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENCY OF FIVE BLUETONGUE VIRUSES

对蓝舌病毒(BTV)血清型2、11和13的双链RNA中L3基因的全序列进行了测定,该基因编码这种病毒的重要内壳蛋白质(VP3),应用前人测定的血清型10和17的BTV的L3基因序列,共5种美国存在的BTV的L3基因.该病毒的每种L3基因片断都有2772个核苷酸,包含一个开放读框(ORF).这个开放读框(ORF)编码由901个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,VP3(分子量103kD),其等电点为6.0.用这5种蓝舌病毒血清型的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分子系统学分析发现,BTV-2血清型与BTV-10、11、13和17的距离较远,美国的五种血清型BTV可分为两个不同的类群.     

Construction and initial analysis of five Fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes of cotton （Gossypium）

Cotton （Gossypium） is an important crop providing textile fiber and edible oil. To gain the insights into mechanism of the cyto- plasmic male sterility （CMS） inheritance, we constructed five fosmid libraries of mitochondrial genomes from mitotype of G. harknessii Brandegee. （one CMS line and its restorer）, mitotype of G. hirsutum L. （one CMS line and its maintainer）, and G. bar- badense L. The numbers of the clones in these libraries ranged from 1152 to 2016 with an average insert size of 36.2 to 38.4 kb, equivalent to 70-119.3 mitogenomes. The libraries were screened with 28 markers derived from the conservative sequences and yielded 22, 19, 26, 21, and 23 positive clones, respectively. These positive clones were used to construct the physical map of G. harknessii Brandegee. CMS line and G. barbadense L. mitogenomes that shared six syntenis regions. A total of 30 genes in nine clusters showed conservative and had high similarity with those in the mitochondrial genomes of cotton, Carica papaya, Cucur- bita pepo and Nicotiana tabacum. Further investigation indicated that gene rrn26 had two copies in all five cotton mitogenomes, while genes atpl, rrn5 and rrn18 had two copies only in G. barbadense L. The positive clones and physical map are considered being useful resources in cotton genomics research.     

雉科四种鸟类线粒体DNAR的分子进化

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法分析了4种雉科(Phasianidae)鸟类的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区基因(D-loop)415bp基因序列。4种鸟类遗传距离在5.90％--23．67％．变异位点数为116个，大石鸡和石鸡的遗传距离为5．90％，二者分歧时间大约是290万年．斑翅山鹑与环颈雉遗传距离为21．06％，分歧时间为1000万年，山鹑属与雉属的遗传距离为21．06％，与石鸡属的遗传距离为22．41％；雉属与石鸡属的遗传距离为22．85％．三者分歧时间在1000—1150万年间，与化石材料相符．在系统树中斑翅山鹑与环颈雉属同一枝，说明1)在雉科系统发生中，雉属与山鹑属是近缘属或2)环颈雉与斑翅山鹑的分化较晚，关系密切，也与Randi得出的斑翅山鹑称为小雉的结论相吻合。     

大熊猫核糖体蛋白S12亚基基因(rpS12)的cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的部分哺乳动物核糖体蛋白S12亚基基因(rpS12)的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR技术,从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了核糖体蛋白S12亚基基因的表达序列,对其进行了克隆、测序及分析.结果表明:大熊猫核糖体蛋白S12亚基基因的表达序列全长为422bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为399bp,编码132个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的相对分子质量为1.45×104,PI为6.81,含有1个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,3个N-豆蔻酰化位点和一个核糖体蛋白S12 signature位点.该基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物有很高的相似性.