大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的分子标记研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术．对中国10个不同地区的大蒜品种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究．从30个RAPD引物当中．筛选出11个具有多态性的引物．共扩增出多态性带224条．多态性条带比率为41．18％．从12个ISSR引物中筛选出5个具多态性的ISSR引物．共扩增出多态性带121条．多态性条带比率为50．21％．对RAPD和ISSR两种标记分别运用Nei指数法．计算出10个大蒜品种的平均遗传距离为0．28和0．32．根据这两种标记的结果．采用UPGMA进行聚类分析，得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果．结果表明，在实验稳定性上．ISSR优于RAPD．且ISSR比RAPD能检测到更多的遗传变异．RAPD和ISSR两种标记可用于大蒜种质遗传多样性的研究．     

优质红锥种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用从100个随机引物中筛选出的30个有效引物，利用RAPD技术对不同地区的10个不同生态型优质红锥种源进行遗传多样性研究．结果表明：（1）30个有效引物共扩增出290条清晰谱带，平均每个引物扩增出9．67条带．多态性条带为254条，比率为87．59％；（2）10个不同生态型红锥之间的遗传相似系数介于0．5946～0．7148之间，但不同地区红锥也存在着一定的遗传差异（遗传差异在0．2852～0.4054）；（3）用引物S3扩增出的带谱可在一次实验中区别10种不同生态地区的优质红锥，同时S3也可作为10种优质红锥材料的指纹图谱，鉴定优质红锥的种源；（4）聚类分析表明，10种优质红锥种源可聚成3个独立的类群．本文作者对它们的亲缘关系进行了推测．     

短枝木麻黄地理种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记对35个短枝木麻黄（Casuarina equise fifolia）种源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析．15个随机引物共扩增了出201条DNA带．其中148条为多态性带，占73．63％．平均每个引物扩增出9．9条多态性带．种源的Shannon’s多样性指数为0．4354，Nei’s基因多样度为0．2884，表明短枝木麻黄种源的遗传多样性水平较高．35个种源彼此的遗传距离在0．0884～0．7539之间，平均0．4045．经过UPGMA聚类分析将35个种源划分为A、B、C、D、E、F6个类群。其中A群5个种源，B群17个种源，C群4个种源．D群2个种源，E群1个种源．F群6个种源．     

4种木麻黄亲缘关系的RAPD分析

应用RAPD枝术对普通木麻黄(Casuarina equiseti folia)，粗枝木麻黄(C.gluca)，细枝木麻黄(C．cunninghamaina)和滨海木麻黄(Allocasuarina littoralis)的亲缘关系进行分析，从40个引物中筛选出18个重复性好、稳定性高的有效引物．18个有效引物共扩增出690条DNA带，其中多态性条带318条，占总扩增条带的46．09％．对扩增出来的690条DNA带进行聚类分析，结果表明：木麻黄属(Casuarina)的普通木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄和细枝木麻黄的平均遗传距离为0．30，其中细枝木麻黄和粗枝木麻黄的遗传距离特别小，为0．19；而异果木麻黄属(Allocasuarina)的滨海木麻黄与其他3种木麻黄的平均遗传距离为0．65．RAPD聚类分析结果表明，4种木麻黄之间的亲缘关系与血清学和化学分类学的结果一致，说明RAPD分子标记技术适用于木麻黄植物的遗传多样性研究．     

宿州辣椒地方品种分子遗传多样性分析

利用优化的辣椒SRAP—PCR反应体系,研究宿州辣椒地方品种的遗传多样性．从30个引物组合中筛选出条带清晰、多态性好的15个引物组合,共扩增出62条谱带．其中,多态性谱带有40条,多态率为64．5％;不同引物扩增的条带为3～7条,谱带大小范围为100～1000bp．供试品种的遗传相似系数为0．52～1．00之间,当遗传距离D=0．52时,可将27份材料分为两大类．结果表明,宿州辣椒种质资源遗传多样性丰富．     

应用RAPD技术对新疆布顿大麦遗传多样性的研究

利用RAPD分子标记，通过40条10碱基随机引流，对32份新疆布顿大麦进行了遗传多样性评价。在40个10碱基随机引物中，有22个引物（占55％）的扩增产物具有多态性，每条多态性引物能产生1－7条多态性DNA带纹。40个引物共扩增227条带，其中95条（占41．9％）具有多态性，平均每条引物能产生1．7条多态性DNA带纹。基于RAPD技术计算了32份布屯大麦间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化值为0．427－0．848，平均值为0．681，利用不完全加权算术平均数（UPGMA），采用1－GS矩阵对其进行遗传聚类，结果表明，RAPD标记将32份参试材料区分为3类（或亚类），来源于新疆北部的20份材料有17份材料（占85％）聚入Ib亚类，而第Ia亚类则主要来自于新疆中部的一些材料。研究表明，RAPD标记揭示的新疆布顿大麦间的遗传多样性与其地理来源紧密相关。     

胡卢巴种质资源RAPD遗传多样性分析

在优化随机引物扩增多态性DNA标记（RAPD）反应体系和条件的基础上,利用筛选的多态性引物分析了胡卢巴种质资源的遗传多样性．结果表明,19条RAPD引物显示了40份胡卢巴种质资源的遗传距离为0．02～0．70,来源上变幅从大到小为：宁夏和国外种质间、国外种质间、宁夏种质间、国内其他省份种质间．40份胡卢巴种质资源分为两类,即Ⅰ类包括3份国外种质;Ⅱ类包括37份种质,可大体上分为宁夏、国内其他省份和国外种质3个亚类．     

山西三个地区短额负蝗的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对山西短额负蝗3个种群(繁峙、原平和太原)45个个体进行扩增，10条随机引物扩增共产生了125条带，多态性片段为121条，种间共有片段为5条．Nei’s基因多样性指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：种群间的遗传分化系数为0．2206，22．06％的遗传变异存在于种群间，用NJ法和UPGMA法对这三个种群的Nei’s遗传距离作聚类分析，结果显示：原平种群和繁峙种群遗传分化较小，太原种群与它们的遗传分化较大，由Nei’s遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，繁峙种群和原平种群的遗传距离最小为0．0852，它们与太原种群的遗传距离较远，结果表明短额负蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与遗传距离和地理距离呈正相关。     

HFJ和MIJ近交系大鼠RAPD特征与比较研究

目的 利用人工合成的PCR随机引物,对本单位培育的HFJ和MIJ近交系大鼠基因组DNA进行扩增,建立 HFJ和MIJ大鼠RAPD扩增特征图谱;选择常用近交系大鼠Lewis和F344作为对照品系,观察HFJ和MIJ大鼠与 对照品系大鼠的RAPD多态性。方法 用酚-氯仿法分别提取4个不同品系大鼠的基因组DNA,从60条随机引 物中筛选能够得到清晰扩增条带的30条引物,对HFJ和MIJ大鼠DNA进行扩增。再从30条引物中随机选择12 条,对4个品系大鼠基因组DNA扩增,并对扩增条带多态性比较分析。结果 30条引物对HFJ和MIJ大鼠DNA 进行扩增,均能获得1～7个较清晰条带,除引物0～08外,条带的分子大小均在200～1 100 bp之间,两品系的引 物0-08扩增结果,均在2 000 bp以上的近原点处扩增出1条清晰的条带。HFJ和MU大鼠品系内个体间和两个品 系之间,扩增的结果均完全一致;用12条随机引物对4个品系大鼠同时扩增,HFJ和MIJ大鼠扩增结果一致,与 Lewis和F344比较,有5个引物出现差异条带。结论 用30条随机引物建立了HFJ和MIJ大鼠RAPD扩增特征性 图谱。由于两品系来源于同一对Wistar封闭群大鼠,虽然遗传特性有显著差异,但是在所选30条引物扩增时,未 发现多态性。两品系与Lewis和F344之间存在多态性条带     

疣蝗5个种群间遗传分化的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,在DNA分子水平上对疣蝗5个种群间的遗传差异进行了研究.在23个引物中有6个引物出现稳定的扩增带,扩增总带数为66条,其中53条具多态性,占80.3%,平均每个引物8.9条.利用Nei & Li相似系数和UPGMA聚类法对结果进行分析,发现用该法检测到的遗传差异从南向北是连续性梯度差异,因而建议所研究地区疣蝗是一个单型种.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.