鲜切皱皮木瓜饮片中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量测定

目的：比较不同加工方法所获得的木瓜饮片甲醇总提物中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量及HPLC指纹图谱,为改进木瓜饮片的生产方法,提高木瓜质量提供依据.方法：采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测量不同加工方法生产的木瓜饮片中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量并比较其指纹图谱.结果：4种不同的样品在组分上的差异较小,HPLC指纹图谱有27个共有峰.但不同加工方法获得的样品所含齐墩果酸和熊果酸的量存在差异,其中鲜切饮片与鲜木瓜含量相近,齐墩果酸和熊果酸总含量为0.89%.结论：鲜切饮片克服了传统加工方法的不足,更好地保存了齐墩果酸、熊果酸等药用成分,有利于保证药品质量,值得推广应用.     

牛膝中齐墩果酸和β-蜕皮甾酮的HPLC法含量测定及指纹图谱研究

建立了中药牛膝的HPLC指纹图谱并同时测定其中齐墩果酸和β-蜕皮甾酮的含量。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 0.6%甲酸,柱温为25 ℃,检测波长为260 nm,进行了13批次牛膝药材的分析。牛膝药材的HPLC指纹图谱共有16个共有峰,4个特征峰,定量测定了其中两个峰β 蜕皮甾酮和齐墩果酸。通过相似度分析初步断定,不同地域的牛膝药材在质量上存在明显的差异。该研究为建立牛膝药材的质量控制体系提供了方法和技术支持。     

鸡冠花乙醇提取物的HPLC指纹图谱研究

建立鸡冠花的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为科学评价及有效控制其质量提供可靠的依据和手段.采用HPLC法测定10批鸡冠花样品的指纹图谱,色谱柱为Dikma C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm,分析时间90min.建立共有模式,以相关度评价图谱的相似性.10批次鸡冠花样品色谱指纹图谱共有16个共有峰,相似度在0.9以上,不同批次鸡冠花质量相似性较好.该方法可用于鸡冠花质量评价.     

北柴胡中皂苷类的HPLC指纹图谱分析研究

建立北柴胡皂苷类高效液相色谱(HPLC)的指纹图谱。采用HPLC法,测定10批北柴胡样品,以柴胡皂苷a为参照组分,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)指认共有峰,进行相似度评价。10批北柴胡的HPLC图谱中有15个共有峰,相似度均0.90。方法简便,快速准确,可为北柴胡质量评价提供参考。     

陕西产秦艽高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的研究陕西产秦艽药材的指纹图谱测定方法,确定其HPLC(高效液相)指纹图谱。方法采用HPLC/PDAD(二极管阵列检测器)测定陕西产秦艽药材甲醇提取液的指纹图谱,并与4种成分的对照品相比较。结果建立了陕西产秦艽药材的HPLC指纹图谱,有5个峰为共有峰,确定了其中的4个峰分别为6-′O-β-D葡萄糖基龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷,确定了其相对保留时间和峰面积比值的范围,并且对10批药材进行了相似度的计算,建立了共有模板。结论陕西产秦艽药材的HPLC指纹图谱特征性很强,研究方法对其适用,且简便、快捷,很适合对其进行质量控制的手段。     

基于HPLC的葡萄籽提取物指纹图谱的建立

葡萄籽提取物是一种高效的抗氧化剂,其抗氧化效果远高于绿茶等。利用反相HPLC建立葡萄籽提取物的中药指纹图谱,以便于对其质量的优劣进行监测。实验分析了12个不同产地的葡萄籽提取物样品,采用了国家食品药品监督管理局推荐的"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件评价系统(2004 A版)"计算处理。建立了25个指纹峰、6个共有峰,确定了3个主要的指纹峰。通过夹角余弦法计算了12个产地的葡萄籽提取物的相似度。建立的指纹图谱可以用来评价不同产地葡萄籽提取物的优劣;并依此为标准,为进一步控制葡萄籽提取物的质量提供依据。     

细花滇紫草及其变种药材指纹图谱研究

目的:建立细花滇紫草及其变种的HPLC指纹图谱,为其质量控制控制及科学评价提供依据。方法:采用Extend C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,采用乙腈-水溶剂系统梯度洗脱,对27批次不同产地的细花滇紫草及其变种药材样品建立了指纹图谱,并使用"中药色谱指纹图谱评价软件2004 A版"软件确定了其共有峰,且计算了相似度,再根据共有峰对27批样品进行SPSS聚类分析。结果:27批不同产地细花滇紫草及其变种药材指纹图谱相似度为0.92～0.99,共有峰有12个。结论:文章所使用的方法灵敏度高、专属性强、重现性好,可以作为细花滇紫草及其变种药材的质量控制依据。     

不同市售野菊花药材的RP—HPLC指纹图谱

采用反相高效液相色谱（RP—HPLC）法,以甲醇和醋酸（体积分数4％）为流动相梯度洗脱,建立了野菊花药材的指纹图谱,并标定出25个共有峰,指认出9个特征峰．测定了12批不同市售野菊花药材的相似度．所建立的野菊花药材RP—HPLC色谱指纹图谱重复性好,专属性强,可用于野菊花药材的质量评价．     

巨尾桉挥发油的气相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用气相色谱及指纹图谱相似度评价法对巨尾桉（Eucalyputs grandis×E．urophylla）挥发油气相指纹图谱进行研究,用以评价与控制巨尾桉挥发油内在质量。结果建立了巨尾桉指纹图谱,确定12个色谱峰为共有峰。该方法的精密度、稳定性、重现性良好,其指纹图谱相似性高,特征性和专属性强,相似度分析显示无差异,利用特征指纹图谱可以对巨尾桉挥发油进行质量控制。     

醋莪术配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Dikma Diamonsil C18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),以乙腈—水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,色谱柱柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL/min.建立了醋莪术饮片HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,标定了8个主要共有峰,并利用计算机辅助相似性评价系统对指纹图谱进行相似度分析,表明相似度较大.实验结果表明:该指纹图谱研究方法简便可靠,重复性好,可作为目前醋莪术配方颗粒内在质量控制有效方法之一.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.