Nb对Ti/Al2O3界面微观结构与显微硬度的影响

在放电等离子烧结 (SPS)工艺条件下 ,运用SEM、XRD、EDX等测试手段对 12 0 0℃高温处理后的Ti Al2 O3复合材料界面反应区的显微结构及外加金属Nb对其界面特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,不掺加金属Nb时界面反应产物为Ti3Al、TiAl,掺加金属Nb后界面生成TiAl和AlNb2 化合物 ;界面处生成的AlNb2 能有效的阻止Al、O原子向金属Ti中扩散 ,使Ti Al2 O3材料界面反应得到抑制 ,扩散层厚度减少到 5 μm以下 ;Nb的加入使界面扩散区的显微维氏硬度提高近 5 0 % ,金属Ti侧的显微维氏硬度提高 6 0～ 80 %。     

三元合金中组分活度系数预测模型

利用Miedema二元系统生成热模型和Kohler模型,建立计算三元合金各组分的活度系数模型,并利用该模型计算三元液态体系Cu-Sb-Zn、Cu-Sn-Zn、Ag-Cu-Ge、Al-Fe-Si和三元固态体系C-Fe-Co及C-Fe-Ni等组分的活度或活度系数,同时与有关实验值进行对比.结果表明,组分活度的计算值与实验值具有较好一致性.该模型仅依靠合金元素本身的物理参数,不仅适用于液态合金,对固态合金的组分活度也具有一定预测作用.     

TiAl自蔓延高温合成反应的机理

用燃烧波淬熄法研究了大颗粒Ti粉和Al粉制备TiAl金属间化合物的自蔓延高温合成反应机理.通过电镜观察和能谱分析发现:反应过程可用毛细铺展 界面反应机制解释.熔融的Al在整个反应过程中起着主要作用,首先熔融的Al液通过Ti粉间的毛细管作用以薄膜的形式铺展在Ti粉表面,并在接触面生成TiAl3.反应放出的热量有利于加速反应的进行,促使TiAl3与Ti进一步反应生成TiAl.但是生成的TiAl3层阻碍了Al液与Ti粉的接触,制约了反应的进行.最后,在试样中可以同时看到完全反应的Ti粉和未完全反应的Ti粉.     

基于原子和分子共存理论的Al--Ti熔体反应能力表征

基于原子和分子共存理论建立计算Al- Ti二元合金系结构单元质量作用浓度的热力学模型。利用文献报道的2073、2173和2273 K下Al-Ti二元系的活度计算了生成Al3 Ti、AlTi和Al11 Ti5反应的平衡常数,并进一步得到其标准摩尔吉布斯自由能的表达式。使用文献报道的不同温度下Al-Ti二元合金系全浓度范围内组元Al和Ti的活度aAl和aTi与原子和分子共存理论定义的质量作用浓度NAl和NTi进行比较。结果表明：在Al-Ti二元合金熔体全浓度范围内计算得到的质量作用浓度NAl和NTi与文献报道的活度符合很好。同时,计算得到的Al-Ti二元合金系中结构单元Al3 Ti和Al11 Ti5的平衡物质的量与其质量作用浓度的关系呈“棒状”,而结构单元AlTi的平衡物质的量与其质量作用浓度的关系呈“纺锤”形。     

L1_0-TiAl金属间化合物3d过渡金属合金化力学性能计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法研究了TiAl-X(X为3d过渡金属)超胞合金体系的几何、能量与弹性常数.通过计算、比较、分析Ti7Al8X与Ti8Al7X超胞的合金形成能,得出3d过渡金属在L10-TiAl合金中的占位情况:Sc、V和Cr主要优先占据Ti原子位,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn则主要优先占据Al原子位.合金化超胞模型的晶体正方度(c/a)显示Mn、Fe和Co明显有利于改善TiAl合金的室温塑性.而比较其G/B值,V、Mn、Co和Ni具有韧化TiAl金属间化合物的作用.两者与实验结论不一致的原因可能在于合金化原子的浓度.     

Ti6Al4V和Al2A12的扩散连接界面组织及力学性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺连接Al2A12和Ti6Al4V两种不同的航空航天用材料.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察连接过渡区的微观组织和组成的演化,并测试其主要的力学性能.结果表明:采用热等静压制备这两种材料的界面连接好;Ti/Al反应层界面处形成了不同的金属间化合物,例如,Al3Ti、TiAl2和TiAl;连接接头处硬度为163HV,界面连接处剪切强度达到了23MPa,比只添加镀层而无中间层的连接强度提高了约17.9%,但低于带有中间层的连接强度.由于过烧和孔隙的形成使得断裂方式是脆性断裂.由此可知,在热等静压成形过程中异种材料的元素发生了相互扩散,在扩散连接处形成了不同的金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物影响连接处的力学性能.     

Al膜和衬底Ti间的反应和互扩散

本文研究了厚度为1.25μm Al 膜与 Ti 衬底间在580～800℃反应时,金属间化合物TiAl 及 Ti_3Al 的生长规律,并用 Boltzmonn—Matano—Heuman 和 Wagner 方程计算了Al 在化合物中的互扩散系数及扩散激活能,找出了扩散系数随温度和时间的变化规律.Al 在TiAl 及 Ti_3Al 中的扩散激活能 Q_r 及 Q_a,分别为0.73+0.1eV 和 0.59+0.1eV.     

C与Al-Ti合金的浸润与反应

Al- Ti- C中间合金是近十几年来发展起来的一种较好的铝晶粒细化剂 .但由于液态铝与石墨的浸润性很差 ,Al- Ti- C中间合金的生产很困难 .通过石墨预热、搅拌等方法向 Al- Ti合金熔液中加入石墨粉 ,使 C进入 Al合金并与 Ti反应是可行的 .SEM与 TEM研究结果表明了 Ti与 C反应的全过程 ,Ti与 C反应的产物是 Ti C     

固液反应球磨制备Al-Cu-Co三元金属间化合物

利用固液反应球磨技术制备了Al-Cu-Co三元合金．分别采用Co球球磨Al-33．2％Cu(此文中的百分比为质量分数),Al-54％Cu(A12Cu)和Al-70％Cu(A1QJ)二元合金熔体,在923K和973K球磨Al-33．2％Cu熔体12h后生成Al65Co15Cu20粉末;在923K和1023K球磨24h后生成Al69Co25Cu6粉末,在893K和993K分别球磨Al-54％Cu(A12Cu)合金熔体12h和24h后均生成Al65Co15Cu2n粉末;在1123K球磨Al-70％Cu合金熔体24h后生成Al65Co15Cu20粉末．采用Al-Cu-Co固液反应球磨得到的金属间化合物粉末为纳米粒子．同时,对Al-Cu-Co三元合金相形成的规律进行了研究,对固液反应球磨机理进行了探讨．在固液反应球磨过程中,三元合金产物的元素摩尔比接近于二元母合金中的元素摩尔比;三元合金产物成分中固相第三组元的成分含量与二元母合金熔体成分有很大关系;提高反应球磨温度、延长球磨时间有利于三元合金产物的形成;延长球磨时间,形成的三元合金产物中磨球的成分增加;反应球磨温度超出二元母合金熔点越高,球磨反应越容易进行．     

机械合金化制备Ti-Al-Si纳米金属间化合物

4种成分的Ti-Al-Si颗粒T3，T4，T5和T6通过球磨获得非晶．这些非晶在退火时的结构变化分为3个阶段：（1）球磨非晶的部分晶化并产生Ti5Si3；（2）其余非晶的完全晶化并依赖于颗粒中Ti和Al的组成产生钛铝金属间化合物，（3）粉末中各相的晶粒长大．晶化反应依粉末成分产生Ti3Al，TiAl和Al3Ti.Ti5Si3是晶化反应的唯一硅化物.低于800℃退火可获得纳米晶。     

Ti-Al系粉末机械合金化的热力学分析

参考Miedema半经验理论 ,建立了Ti -Al系机械合金化 (MA)过程的热力学模型 ,计算了合金呈有序金属间化合物、无序固溶体和非晶态的形成自由能。对Ti50 Al50 不同球磨时间MA粉末的X射线衍射 (XRD)结果进行了分析 ,验证了该热力学模型的正确性     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints fabricated using the insert molding method

Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints were fabricated by a method of insert molding and corresponding interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The interfacial thickness was sensitive to holding temperature during the first stage, and a good metallurgical bonding interface with a thickness of about 90 μm can be obtained at 750℃. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analyses showed that the interface mainly contained intermetallic compound TiAl₃ and Al matrix. The joints featured good mechanical properties, i.e., shear strength of 154 MPa, tensile strength of 215 MPa, and compressive strength of 283 MPa, which are superior to those of joints fabricated by other methods. Coherent boundaries between Al/TiAl₃ and TiAl₃/Ti were confirmed to contribute to outstanding interfacial mechanical properties and also explained constant fracture occurrence in the Al matrix. Follow-up studies should focus on improving mechanical properties of the Al matrix by deformation and heat treatment.     

Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti_2AlNb/TiAl brazed joint using newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr filler alloy

Joining of Ti_2AlNb alloy to TiAl intermetallics was conducted by the newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr brazing filler alloy.The microstructure evolution of the joints was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).The macro-micro mechanical properties were studied by shear test and nano-indentation test.Typical interfacial microstructures across the brazing seam were Ti_2AlNb substrate,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,γ-TiAl+Ti_2Ni+TiNi+α_2-Ti_3Al,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,TiAl substrate.The Ti_2Ni phase were firstly dissolved in the joints brazed at 1000°C for 10 min and then precipitated after a prolonged holding time of 15 min.The nano-indentation test revealed that Ti_2Ni phase exhibited the highest hardness of 12.60 GPa.The joints brazed at 1000°C/15 min presented the maximum shear strength of271 MPa.The dissolution and precipitation behavior of Ti_2Ni phase was also discussed.     

高能球磨Ti/Al复合粉固相反应烧结工艺

采用金相和能谱方法对Ti、Al箔的固相扩散反应行为进行了研究,建立了TiAl3相层厚度生长的计算公式.并在此基础上,探讨了球磨Ti/Al复合粉的两步固相烧结工艺.研究表明:两步固相烧结法可有效抑制烧结引起的粉末体变形,获得具有典型显微组织的致密烧结材料;尽管延长低温预烧时间可获得由TiAl与Ti3Al组成的热稳定性较好的组织,但组织致密度偏低,为了获得高致密的TiAl合金,仍需后续高温烧结.实验还表明,高能球磨促进了TiAl基合金组织细化,且球磨时间越长烧结组织晶粒越细小;双态组织中的层片组织含量随球磨时间延长而增加,但长时间球磨由于非晶化的出现又会引起层片组织含量下降.     

Static coarsening of titanium alloys in single field by cellular automaton model considering solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries

Static coarsening is an important physical phenomenon that influences microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. How to simulate this process effectively has become an important topic which needs to be dealt with. In this paper, a new cellular automaton (CA) model, which considers the effect of solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries, was developed to simulate static grain coarsening of titanium alloys in the beta-phase field. To describe the effect of the drag caused by different solute atoms on coarsening, their diffusion velocities in beta titanium were estimated relative to that of titanium atoms (Ti). A formula was proposed to quantitatively describe the relationship of the diffusion velocity of Ti to that of solute atoms; factors influencing the diffusion velocity such as solute atom radius, mass, and lattice type were considered. The anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries was represented by the parameter c0, which was set to 1 for a fully anisotropic effect. These equations were then implemented into the CA scheme to model the static coarsening of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Ti17 (Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Sn-2Zr, wt%), TG6 (Ti-5.8Al-4.0Sn-4.0Zr-0.7Nb-1.5Ta-0.4Si-0.06C, wt%) and TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V, wt%) in the beta field. The predicted results, including coarsening kinetics and microstructural evolution, were in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the effects of time, temperature, and chemical composition on grain coarsening and the limitations of the model were discussed.     

Ti注入钢时金属间化合物形成对钢强化机理的研究

探讨了 Ti 注入 H13钢时形成 Ti 和 Fe 合金相的规律以及 Ti 注入钢的硬化机理.根据辐射损伤理论给出了离子注入引起的空位和间隙原子产生率微分方程,并导出了平衡态时方程的解.研究了注量、能量和靶温对合金形成的影响.注入后退火的样品表面硬度可提高40～50%.用 X衍射和透射电子显微镜测量了 Fe_2Ti 和 FeTi 合金相.用维氏硬度计测量了上述诸条件下注入样品的表面硬度,用针盘磨损机测量了样品抗磨损特性.分析了这些合金相对表面硬化和抗磨损影响的机制.     

Microstructure evolution of laser rapidly solidified Al-Mn alloys

A series of laser surface remelting experiments of Al-1.1, 3.2 and 5.6 wt% Mn alloys has been conducted using a 5 kW CW CO2 laser, and the microstructures of samples have also been investigated. The experimental results show that no apparent eutectic growth appears in the whole growth rate range for Al-3.2 wt% Mn alloy under laser rapid solidification condition, and the microstructure grows in the form of α(Al) cell/dendrite. With the increase of growth rate, the microstructures of Al-5.6wt%Mn alloy change from Al6Mn dendrite to α(Al) +Al6Mn eutectic, α(Al) cellular/dendrite and segregation-free solid solution. The critical rates of Al-1.1, 3.2 and 5.6 wt% Mn alloys to attain absolute stability are 44.1, 134.6 and 230.1 mm/s respectively, and a reasonable agreement has been found between the experimental results and those calculated according to Mullins-Sekerka's theory.     

稀土对铝钛硼中间合金组织及细化性能的影响

采用氟盐铝热反应法制取不同稀土含量的Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金,并对其微观组织和细化效果进行了分析,讨论了稀土元素对Al5Ti1B组织及性能的影响。X射线衍射及能谱分析证明:稀土元素和TiAl3结合生成了Ti2Al20RE,同时TiAl3尺寸减小、数量减少;TiB2尺寸、形态不受影响,但分布更加均匀弥散。细化效果试验表明稀土元素确实可以提高Al5Ti1B中间合金的细化效果。在5Ti1B系Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金中,稀土元素的最佳质量分数为3.53%,此时能取得最理想的微观组织和细化效果。