二次特征提取法用于茶叶产地的识别

利用傅里叶红外光谱和特征基理论,对茶叶的产地进行研究.采集新茶叶样品的光谱数据,通过选择合适样品建立光谱特征基,将新采集茶叶的光谱数据在反映茶叶产地特性的光谱特征基上投影,依据茶叶产地的地域特征不同,在主成分分析思想的基础上提出了二次特征提取方法,并对比分析得出利用二次特征提取方法处理红外光谱图的可行性,而且可以有效地识别不同产地茶叶的特征.     

基于矿质元素含量和支持向量机的茶叶鉴别分析

为了实现茶叶种类与产地的识别,提出了一种基于矿质元素和支持向量机的茶叶鉴别方法.该方法首先运用ICP光谱仪测定30个茶叶样本中的Mg,Al,P,Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Ba等共16种元素含量,接着对采集到的数据进行标准化处理,随机抽取样本用于设计训练基于支持向量机的多元分类器,然后对测试样本进行种类与产地识别.试...     

矿物元素结合簇类独立软模式法对冬枣产地判别模型的优化

为了提高冬枣产地鉴别方法的准确性,测定了69个冬枣样本中10种元素的含量,并对数据进行了差异性分析、主成分分析和簇类独立软模式分析(SIMCA).结果表明,冬枣中Mg、B、Mn、Fe、Zn等元素在不同产地间存在显著差异,利用主成分分析可以看出不同产地样本有较好的聚类趋势.在前4个主成分中,Fe、B、Mn、Zn和K元素的载荷值较高,是重要的产地识别元素.利用SIMCA建立的产地判别模型,置信水平为5%时对验证集样本判别结果最好,识别率为100%,拒绝率为78.95%.研究结果证实了农产品中多元素分析结合SICMA法可以有效用于原产地的鉴别.     

利用红外光谱分析茶叶产地

基于主成分分析的特征提取思想,提出了特征提取方法,简要分析了特征提取方法对波段的选取要求,以及不同预处理方法对二次特征提取的影响,然后将特征提取应用在不同茶叶产地的识别上,结果很好的把不同产地区域的茶叶区分开.北方法对于鉴别茶叶等其他复杂体系的特征有重要的价值.     

云南省不同产地灰褐牛肝菌矿质元素含量测定及相关性分析

对采自云南省26个产地的灰褐牛肝菌(Boletus griseus)中12种矿质元素进行了测定和分析.结果显示,灰褐牛肝菌子实体富含人体所需矿质元素钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、镍、锰、铬,其中钾含量最高,可达53 460 mg/kg.同时研究发现灰褐牛肝菌子实体中有害元素镉含量也很高,26个样本中含量分布为5.23~25.01 mg/kg.元素间相关性分析表明菌体对镉的富集作用可能与镁、钠、锌、铜元素之间存在较好的协同作用.12种矿质元素主成分分析显示前5个主成分能够体现79.255%的贡献率,其中第1主成分的贡献率为31.055%,因子变量在Mg、Zn、Cu和Cd上具有较高的载荷.     

茶叶主要组分与发酵度联系的研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱和特征基理论,对茶叶主要组分与茶叶发酵度的联系进行了研究.采集茶叶的主要内含组分的中红外光谱图,建立茶叶单质光谱特征基.通过改变建基的单质种类,根据不同发酵程度茶叶的分布情况,并对比分析得出4种儿茶素和3种氧化物是影响重度发酵茶发酵程度的主要因素,叶绿素是中度发酵茶和轻度发酵茶发酵程度不同的主要因素.     

激光诱导击穿光谱结合化学计量学的淫羊藿产地快速鉴别

淫羊藿具有增加心脑血管血流量,促进造血和增强免疫功能等功效.淫羊藿的药效受产地的影响,为确保其质量,需对淫羊藿产地进行快速鉴别.为此,采用激光诱导击穿光谱(Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)结合化学计量学方法对淫羊藿产地实现快速准确鉴别.通过获取6个产地淫羊藿样品的LIBS光谱数据,对比研究两种光谱数据降维方法,基于主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)的特征提取和基于原子光谱数据库的特征谱线选择,并结合线性判别分析、k近邻、随机森林(Random forest,RF)和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)4种机器学习算法,实现不同产地淫羊藿样品的鉴别,最终建立产地溯源算法模型.在PCA可视化中,相同产地淫羊藿样品的光谱数据具有明显的聚类效果.开发的模型均能够实现淫羊藿产地的准确鉴别,其中PCA-SVM模型的分类效果最好,测试集分类准确率为99.17%.此外,采用RF模型计算所选元素谱线的重要性,结果表明Si元素(SiⅠ251.61 nm)是区分不同产地淫羊藿的最重要...     

基于近红外光谱技术与模式识别的乌龙茶产地溯源

利用近红外光谱分析技术检测了来自福建省安溪县西坪镇、华安县仙都镇和永定县高头乡3个产地的9个茶叶样品,结果表明:不同地域的茶叶样品间茶多酚、茶多糖、部分氨基酸等成分的吸收光谱存在着微小的差异,通过光谱降维的方法进行模式识别,其聚类分析结果与茶叶的产地完全吻合.该结果可为乌龙茶的产地溯源技术发展提供技术支持.     

微波消解一电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定龙牙百合花中的矿质元素

采用微波消解技术,建立了一种测定龙牙百合花中Mg、K、Ca、V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和zn等10种微量矿质元素的ICP—MS法．研究表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏,标准曲线的线性都较好,适合于龙牙百合微量矿质元素的测定．试样分析结果显示,龙牙百合花中含有丰富的矿质元素,特别是Ca、Fe与zn．该方法为龙牙百合的利用提供有力的科学依据．     

主成分分析法研究多棘海盘车中的微量元素

建立测定12种(Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd、Cs、Ba、Pb)微量元素含量的方法,确定其特征性元素及地域分布特征.采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定6个不同产地的多棘海盘车样品中微量元素的含量,并且运用主成分分析法研究多棘海盘车中的特征性元素,同时对不同地点的多棘海盘车样品进行综合评价.通过与我国食品中的Pb、Cr和Cd元素标准限量值的比较,表明6个产地的多棘海盘车的Cr元素含量均超过标准限量值,主成分分析结果表明Pb、Mn、Ba、Cs为多棘海盘车的特征性元素,通过与已报道文献中所测定海星中特征性元素含量的对比,发现所测定Pb、Mn元素含量均部分超出已报道值,通过分析主成分得分和综合得分,表明微量元素对山东青岛即墨的多棘海盘车质量影响最大,对黄岛的样品质量影响最小,文中所建立的方法及分析为海星的质量评价与控制提供了部分参考依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-