Ti离子注入聚合物纳米结构分析

采用MEVVA源引出的Ti等离子注入聚酯 (PET)薄膜 ,注量在 1× 10 172× 10 17cm- 2 范围 .用透射电子显微镜分析了金属离子注入PET纳米结构随注量增加的变化 .结果表明 ,注入的Ti原子在PET中形成了密集的纳米相 ,这些纳米相均匀地弥散分布在注入层中 .用透射电子显微镜 (TEM )观察横截面表明 ,注入层为 3层结构 .可见Ti的注入已经在注入层中形成了金属化表面 .表面硬度、抗磨损特性和电导率明显地增加 .最后分析了金属离子注入对聚合物特性的改善机理 .     

溅射效应对离子注入聚合物表面形貌的影响

采用MEVVA离子注入机引出的离子进行了聚酯薄膜改性研究,考虑到注入离子对表面溅射的强弱与离子的质量密切相关,所以选用质量大小不等的3种离子Cu,Si和C为注入离子,注入后的聚酯膜表面结构发生了很大的变化,用原子力显微镜观察了注入样品表面形貌的变化,表面粗糙度与注入离子质量密切相关.实验结果表明,注入前聚酯薄膜表面粗糙,表面突起密集地分布在表面,其高度可达20～25 nm,C和Si注入后表面突起高度下降到5 nm,随注入离子质量的增加,在注入层粗糙度增加,Cu注入后在表面形成了弥散分布Cu原子的析出纳米颗粒.Cu颗粒起伏高度可达到50 nm.这些变化对聚酯薄膜表面物理化学特性有着重要的影响.     

Mo离子注入钢退火过程中的相变研究

着重研究了金属离子注入合成表面优化复合层的机理和纳米相镶嵌结构形成,探索了注入和退火过程中纳米结构和相变过程,讨论相变机制.实验中发现用较低束流密度的Mo离子注入钢明显地改变了钢表面的结构,可使钢表面晶粒细化,使阻止位错移动的晶界数量增多;可在钢表面形成Mo原子超饱和固溶体;随所用的束流密度的增加,注入时表面温度升高,注入的Mo原子将与钢中的铁原子和碳原子化合而形成纳米尺寸的析出相.这些弥散的析出相在钢表面形成了弥散强化.用低束流密度注入后经过退火,在钢表面也形成了纳米尺寸的析出相,从而增加了表面弥散强化的效果.随退火温度的增高,纳米析出相将会聚成大一些的纳米颗粒,颗粒之间互相连接而形成网状结构,这将会进一步增加表面强化效果.     

Ag-聚酯复合薄膜的微结构与光学性能研究

用匀胶机在载玻片上甩制5%的硅酸乙酯薄膜,在该薄膜上用磁控溅射法溅射Ag制备半连续的纳米微粒Ag薄膜,经过不同温度下的退火,处于膜表面的Ag颗粒的扩散运动增强,从而得以渗入高分子聚酯层形成Ag-聚酯复合薄膜.采用X射线衍射和紫外-可见光谱等检测手段对其微结构和光学性能进行测试与分析发现:随着退火温度的增加,Ag晶粒的晶化现象越来越明显,平均晶粒尺寸和晶格常数均呈增大趋势.随着Ag质量分数的增加,Ag的XRD衍射峰出现并逐渐增强,Ag纳米颗粒表面等离子体共振吸收峰位置逐渐红移并逐渐增强.     

金属离子注入纳米结构和特性

材料中纳米弥散相的形成对材料强化有着非常重要的作用,离子注入技术在材料表面容易形成这种结构.透射电子显微镜观察表明,经过Ti注入的钢,表面形成了直径为10～30nm丝状的FeTi和FeTi2相,其长度为150～320nm, 当束流密度分别为25～50μA*cm-2时,弥散相的密度分别为1.2×1011和6.5×1010 cm-2,其平均直径则分别为10和18nm. 扫描电子显微镜观察C+Ti样品表明, 注入后表面形成的抗腐蚀钝化层也为丝状纳米结构, 细丝直径25～60nm,长度100～200nm,密度约2.2×109 cm-2.这种致密的结构具有很强的抗磨损特性和抗腐蚀特性.抗磨损特性提高了8倍.电化学测量结果表明,随注量的增加,腐蚀电流密度Jp明显下降,用3×1017 cm-2注量的Ti注入H13钢Jp比未经注入之值降低到0.125%～0.050%; W注入聚脂膜(PET)形成了10～20nm W的析出相,这种相的析出使PET表面硬度增加,抗磨损和抗腐蚀特性增强,并使之形成了优良的导电层.     

C和Ti双注入H13钢抗腐蚀钝化层的形成

用多次扫描电位法研究了金属Ti与C双注入抗腐蚀和抗点蚀钝化层生成的条件,用扫描电子显微镜观察了腐蚀坑,发现注入层表面已经形成了具有一定厚度钝化层.这种钝化层既能抗酸性腐蚀,又具有优良的抗碱性点蚀特性.测量结果表明,在C注量不变时,增加Ti注量可使抗腐蚀特性增强;而在Ti注量不变时,增加C注量可使抗点蚀特性增强.     

等离子体对聚酰亚胺表面的改性研究

聚酰亚胺膜（PI）是一种特殊的功能性薄膜,缺点是与金属膜层结合力很差,表面处理是一种提高PI膜和金属膜层结合力的非常有效方法．本文结合MEVVA（金属真空蒸汽离子源）离子注入技术和磁过滤沉积技术对PI膜表面进行改性处理;经4．5×10^15 cm^-2注量的Ni离子注入后,PI膜层表面形貌变化很小,经FTIR分析表面的苯环,酰亚胺环等特征吸收峰强度未有变化,即未造成表面的键断裂等损伤．经4．5×10^15cm^-2Ni注入（10kV）＋10nm Ni沉积＋4．5×10^15cm^-2Ni注入（12kV）＋100nmNi沉积处理后的膜表面形貌发生了较大的变化,形成表面不再平整的过渡层,这过渡层和聚酰亚胺膜有机结合在一起形成了混合钉扎状态,即过渡层和聚酰亚胺表面膜层发生化学作用,这点从膜层剥离后PI膜的特征吸收的消失可以得到直接验证．还利用SRIM和TRIDYN理论模拟计算了10kV的3种不同注量的Ni离子注入PI膜层的射程以及浓度随着深度的变化曲线,比较直接的显示了Ni离子富堆积深度为17．5帆     

Q235钢表面纳米化处理对离子注入的影响

通过高能喷丸处理，在Q235低碳钢的表面得到了一层约20μm厚的纳米晶组织，然后使用金属蒸汽弧离子注入机（MEVVA）对表面纳米化处理前后的试样进行了钛离子注入。研究结果表明，Ti注入Q235钢后，浓度基本上服从Guass分布；经过表面纳米化处理的样品，注入元素浓度与未经处理的相比有了很大的提高，而离子注入的深度则变化不大。浓度升高的主要原因可能是经过表面纳米化处理的试样表面层含有更多的缺陷，注入原子与这些缺陷的交互作用导致了其固溶度的超额增加。     

C, W和C+W离子注入钢表面纳米相镶嵌复合层结构电子显微镜分析

选取质量差异很大的C,W和C+W对钢进行离子注入,用TEM对注入样品横截面进行结构分析.结果表明:注入层结构发生了明显的变化,形成了纳米相镶嵌复合层,W注入复合层的厚度大约是相应离子射程的16.3倍.C+W注入改性层是由注入层、过渡层和缺陷层构成的,其厚度为694nm,该厚度是离子射程的25.1倍.3种条件下注入, 其结构变化有明显的差异.用TRIM95程序对3种离子注入的碰撞参数进行了计算,结果表明其结构的变化明显地与注入参数相关.还分析了纳米相镶嵌复合层结构的形成机理.     

离子注入聚醚砜（PES）膜的介电频谱与红外光谱分析

用15keVAr^ 和N^ 注入纯PES膜和掺碘PES膜，掺碘PES样品离子注入后的介电谱表明，随注入剂量的增加，损耗峰秽向高频，损耗峰的高度下降。离子注入纯PES膜的介电损耗在(0～10)MHz内小于0．062，没有松驰特性，是制作布线的理想材料。红外光谱表明，离子注入引起PES膜结构变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.