基于电化学活化的传感器构建及其电化学性能

为实现玻碳电极在电化学传感器领域的高灵敏度检测利用, 在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中, 用恒电位法对玻碳电极进行电化学活化,考察pH值、富集电位及富集时间对Pb²⁺检测效果的影响, 并研究最佳实验条件下的活化电极对Pb²⁺的检测性能. 实验结果表明：该活化电极对Pb²⁺的电化学检测响应电流具有增强效果,并具有检测时间短、灵敏度高的特点;检测线性范围为1×10^-10~ 5×10^-6 mol/L,最低检出限和定量限分别为3×10^-11 mol/L和1.0×10^-10 mol/L. 该活化电极在自来水Pb²⁺的测定中具有较高回收率, 可用于实际水质检测.     

铟-荧光镓极谱络合吸附波的研究

在pH 5.5的0.1mol/L(CH₂)₆N₄-HCl底液中可获得铟(Ⅲ)-荧光镓体系灵敏的络合吸附波。测定铟的线性范围为1.0×10^-7～1.0×10^-5mol/L,检测限达8×10^-8mol/L, 测得电活性络合物的组成为铟∶荧光镓=1∶2,条件形成常数β=3.6×10¹³,表面电极反应速率常数k_s1、k_s2、k_s3分别为4.4、1.74、10.8s^-1,并研究了电极反应机理。     

基于铁酸钴纳米颗粒-鲁米诺-H2O2化学发光体系的单宁酸超灵敏检测

利用铁酸钴纳米颗粒(CoFe₂O₄NPs)催化鲁米诺-H₂O₂的化学发光,结合单宁酸会抑制CoFe₂O₄NPs的催化活性这一性质,首次建立一种简单、快速且超灵敏的单宁酸检测方法。在最佳实验条件下,CoFe₂O₄NPs-鲁米诺-H₂O₂体系对单宁酸的检测线性范围为5.0×10^-9～5.0×10^-7 mol/L,检测限为2.5×10^-10 mol/L。对比其他检测方法,该检测限极低,而且该检测体系选择性良好,有望将该方法运用于食品及水样中单宁酸的检测。     

流动注射-化学发光分析法测定磺胺胍

为了实现快速测定样品中磺胺胍含量并降低检测成本,联合流动注射技术,建立了一种测定磺胺胍含量的新方法。基于在酸性条件下磺胺胍对高锰酸钾-甲醛体系的发光信号有明显的增强作用而建立了磺胺胍的检测体系并优化了各项参数。结果显示：在优化条件后,磺胺胍的线性范围为5×10^-5～6×10^-4 mol·L^-1;对浓度为2×10^-4 mol·L^-1的磺胺胍溶液进行11次平行测定,计算出检出限为6×10^-7 mol·L^-1,检测结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%;加标回收实验测得的回收率为97%～103%。该方法检测快速、灵敏度高且成本较低,可成功应用于样品中磺胺胍的测定。     

基于金纳米颗粒痕量沙丁胺醇的表面增强Raman散射光谱

用优化的Turkevich方法制备直径为50~60 nm的金纳米颗粒,  并通过表面增强Raman散射技术检测浓度为10^-3~10^-5 mol/L的痕量沙丁胺醇分子. 结果表明: 最低检出限为5×10^-5 mol/L, 在100~750  μmol/L范围内, Raman光谱强度与浓度具有较好的线性关系, 相关系数R²=0.996 57, 但在更宽泛的浓度范围内不满足线性关系;  基于金纳米颗粒表面增强Raman散射光谱方法可实时、 快速检测痕量沙丁胺醇分子.     

氮掺杂碳量子点荧光探针快速检测山梨酸钾

山梨酸钾属于酸性食品防腐剂,能有效地抑制霉菌、酵母菌和好氧性细菌的活性,延长食品的保存时间,并保持食品原有的风味.本研究通过一步水热法合成了水溶性良好的荧光氮掺杂碳量子点（NCQDs）,基于山梨酸钾能有效地猝灭NCQDs而构建了快速检测山梨酸钾的荧光探针.在最佳实验条件下,山梨酸钾浓度在3.0×10^-5～1.0×10^-4mol/L和1.0×10^-7～3.0×10^-5mol/L范围内与NCQDs荧光猝灭强度呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为9.5×10^-8mol/L.我们已将其用于苏打水及白醋中山梨酸钾含量的测定,回收率分别为98.25%～102.7%和98.33%～101.8%.     

聚溴甲酚紫修饰丝网印刷电极对重金属铅的检测

建立了基于聚溴甲酚紫修饰丝网印刷电极的循环伏安法检测水体中Pb²⁺的方法，讨论了影响Pb²⁺检测的因素，确立了最佳检测条件：富集时间为120 s、富集电压为-1.2 V,扫速为0.1 V·s^-1。Pb²⁺在BCP/SPE电极上在1.0×10^-7至1.1×10^-4 g·L^-1范围内呈线性关系，线性方程为，I(μA)=0.786c(μg·L^-1)+5.794,R²=0.9984,检出限为1×10^-8g·L^-1。用加标法对四种水样中的Pb²⁺进行了检测，四种样品回收率在91%-110%之间，平均回收率为100.25%。     

纳米金/还原氧化石墨烯修饰的盐酸环丙沙星分子印迹电化学传感器

以吡咯和邻苯二胺为功能单体,以盐酸环丙沙星为模板,在纳米金和还原氧化石墨烯(AuNP/rGO)修饰的玻碳电极上,采用电化学方法制备分子印迹聚合物薄膜电化学传感器.利用扫描电镜对修饰电极表面形貌进行表征;电化学技术测试分子印迹传感器性能.研究了纳米金和还原氧化石墨烯用量对电极电化学性能的影响,并对传感器制备和测试条件进行了优化.在优化条件下,分子印迹传感器对盐酸环丙沙星具有宽的线性检测范围(1.0×10^-8～1.0×10^-2 mol/L),低检测限(7.41×10^-12 mol/L(S/N=3)),选择性高,稳定性好.此外,该传感器成功检测出了实际药品和牛奶样品中的盐酸环丙沙星.     

分光光度法测定硝普钠注射液中硝普钠的含量

在碱性条件下, 在含有苯酚和盐酸羟胺的溶液中加入硝普钠, 有蓝色物质生成, 该物质在波长690 nm处有最大吸收. 由此建立了测定硝普钠注射液中硝普钠含量的新的分光 光度分析法. 该方法线性范围1.0×10^-5～8.0×10^-5 mol/L, 标 准溶液测定的相对标准偏差为0.57％（n=6）, 实际样品测定的回收率＞95%, 与标准方法 对照分析的相对误差为-1.2%～0.91% , 40倍的Cl^-, SO^2-₄ , HCO^－_３, Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺不干扰 测定.     

茜素红S修饰活性炭碳糊电极对铜离子的测定

将吸附修饰剂茜素红S（Sodium Alizarinsulfonate）的活性炭粉掺入碳糊中制成修饰碳糊电极, 以应用于铜离子的阳极溶出法测定, 响应电流与铜离子的浓度在 1×10^-8～3×10^-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的分段线性关系, 最低检出限为5.6×10^-9 mol/L. 多数离子不干扰. 我们改进了传统修饰碳糊电极的做法, 不仅保留了其原有的传统优点, 而且活性炭的加入使电流有所提高, 电极修饰剂稳定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-