ABA型液晶三嵌段共聚物的合成、微结构及介电性能研究

采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）制备了一系列ABA型液晶三嵌段共聚物P11CBMAm-b-PDMSn-b-P11CBMAm,并研究其微观形态和介电性能。首先分别合成液晶前驱体11CBMA和大分子引发剂Br-PDMS-Br,然后以甲苯为溶剂、CuBr/HMTETA为催化剂,由Br-PDMS-Br引发11CBMA进行ATRP聚合。通过控制投料比,制备出一系列具有相同长度PDMS段（n=356）和不同长度液晶P11CBMA段（m=49,79,115）的样品。通过1H-NMR、GPC和DSC对样品进行表征,并利用热退火的方法促进其微观结构的形成。TEM结果显示,样品在经过退火后PDMS段聚集成球状结构;随着液晶段含量的增加,PDMS球状相的尺寸逐渐减少。嵌段共聚物的微观形态对材料的介电性能有很大的影响。退火后样品的介电常数明显高于均聚物PDMS和P11CBMA,这说明控制材料的微结构是提高材料介电常数的有效途径。     

聚酰亚胺聚硅氧烷多嵌段共聚物的合成

合成了一类有机硅嵌段齐聚物α，ω-双（γ－氨基）聚二甲基二苯基硅氧烷（APMPS），并以此为嵌段与聚酰亚胺（PI）硬段进行嵌段共聚，得到一系列不同软段含量的多嵌段共聚物（APMPS－b－PI）。通过热重分析（TGA）和力学性能测试，证明该嵌段共聚物具有优良的热稳定性及抗张强度。     

TPU/MWCNTs导电薄膜的制备及性能

采用热压成型技术制备了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)薄膜,在二甲苯溶剂中适度溶胀,并于不同浓度的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)溶液中超声修饰制备TPU/MWCNTs导电薄膜.通过绝缘电阻测试仪、万能材料试验机、热失重分析仪(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TPU/MWCNTs薄膜的电性能、力学性能、热稳定性和形态结构进行测试.结果表明:MWCNTs不仅均匀分散于TPU膜表面,而且渗透进入膜内形成完善的导电网络结构,有利于TPU/MWCNTs薄膜导电性能的提高和逾渗值的降低;与纯TPU相比,TPU/MWCNTs薄膜的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和韧性均得到提高;与TPU膜相比,TPU/MWCNTs薄膜的热稳定性提高.     

PA6/SEBS-g-ITA共混物的制备及性能研究

以ITA为功能单体、通过熔融接枝技术制备了PA 6/SEBS-g-ITA共混物,采用电子万能试验机、冲击试验机、红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪和Molau 实验研究了接枝物SEBS-g-ITA对PA 6力学性能、结构和熔融行为的影响.试验结果表明:在熔融挤出过程中,首先ITA与SEBS发生接枝反应生成接枝共聚物SEBS-g-ITA,然后SEBS-g-ITA中的羧基与PA 6中的端氨基发生化学反应,生成PA 6-SEBS嵌段共聚物.SEBS-g-ITA接枝共聚物和PA 6-SEBS嵌段共聚物的生成有效改善了PA 6与SEBS两相的相容性,共聚物的力学性能得到显著提高,冲击性能达到66.82 kJ/m2,同时共混物中PA 6相的结晶度(Xc)和熔点(Tm)下降.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性聚醚聚氨酯的结构形态与力学性能

采用同步法合成了聚氨酯(PU)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的线型共混物、嵌段共聚物和互穿高聚物(IPN)。凭藉力学性能测试、电镜观察和动态力学谱分析,研究了光固化、热固化、化学组成、物理结构等因素对体系力学性能、结构形态和粘弹行为的影响。结果表明:PU/PMMA是呈两相结构的部分相容体系,其中线型共混物伸长率最大,IPN强度最高,而嵌段共聚物的力学性能较差。此外,嵌段共聚物和IPN光固化体系形成的相畴结构均一,其抗张强度和伸长率明显高于热固化体系。聚合物的力学性能除了受化学结构影响以外,还与化学组成有关,随体系中PMMA含量和PU中硬链段含量增加,聚合物抗张强度升高,伸长率下降。     

纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂复合材料的性能研究

利用硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行表面改性,进而通过共混法将改性后的纳米SiO2粒子分散到环氧树脂(Epoxy)中,制备了不同纳米SiO2含量的SiO2/EP复合材料.利用IR,SEM和TGA、阻抗分析仪等研究了SiO2添加量对复合材料微观结构、热稳定性和介电性能的影响.结果表明,随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,SiO2/EP复合材料的热稳定性逐渐升高,介电常数和损耗因数则呈先降低后增加趋势;当纳米SiO2含量为4%时,纳米颗粒在复合材料中分散均匀,复合材料的热稳定性好,介电性能最优(当测试频率为1GHz,介电常数为2.86,介电损耗为0.023 53).分析了复合材料热稳定和介电性能变化的微观机理.     

液晶聚氨酯/Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料电性能的研究

采用机械共混及模压成型工艺将Al2O3粉体,液晶聚氨酯(DLCP)与环氧树脂(E-51)共混制备了EP/DLCP/Al2O3复合材料.对复合材料的制备工艺、Al2O3粒子表面修饰以及Al2O3含量对材料热稳定性、导电性能、导热性能及热膨胀进行了研究.结果表明:导热系数、介电常数及热稳定性随Al2O3含量的增加而增大;介电损耗、线膨胀系数随Al2O3含量的增加而减小.同时,液晶聚氨酯(DLCP)网格的存在,可降低材料的内耗,提高材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg).当DLCP加入量为5wt%时,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度比纯树脂提高了10-30℃,复合材料的电性能得到了增强.     

聚苯乙烯-聚硅氧烷规整接枝共聚物界面形态

为充分发挥有机硅的“有机-无机”双重特性的作用，研究用反应性有机硅改性其它高分子材料，以聚硅氧烷大分子单体制备了聚苯乙烯-聚硅氧烷规整接枝共聚物．采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪表征了接枝共聚物的结构，用接触角测量仪和X-射线光电子能谱研究了共聚物在不同基材上成膜的表面和界面组成及相分离程度．结果表明：接枝共聚物呈现典型的层状相分离结构；PDMS在膜表面实现最大限度地富集，且对不同界面其富集程度不同；接枝共聚物的表面疏水性随着PDMS链长的增加而增加，且当PDMS含量增加时，呈现先增加后保持不变的趋势．     

嵌段聚(二甲基-甲基乙烯基-b-二苯基-b-二甲基-甲基乙烯基)硅氧烷的制备及其力学性能

以氢氧化为引发剂，采用环四硅氧烷作单体，二甲基甲酰胺作促进剂，分步加料，制备了一类新的三嵌段共聚有机硅氧烷。分子中聚二苯基硅氧烷（P）构成中间嵌段，两端连接聚二甲基－甲基乙烯基硅氧烷（M），形成MPM型嵌段共聚物。聚二苯基硅氧烷（P）的引入，是为增加分子间的引力。分子中所含二苯基硅氧链节质量约占高分子总质量的7％。为了便于硫化加工，适量的甲基－乙烯基硅氧链节分散在两个M嵌段中，其总的质量则分别占高分子总质量的0％，0．1％，0．2％，0．4％和0．6％。为便于比较硫化硅橡胶的力学性能，制备了相应的无规共聚物。将所得全部共聚有机硅氧烷分别进行硫化，测定了某些力学性能发现，它们均优于相应的无规共聚物。嵌段共聚物中甲基－乙烯基硅氧链节的质量占高分子总质量的0．1％和0．2％，其硫化胶片的力学性能较高。     

环氧树脂/聚醚砜/纳米氧化铝复合材料的力学性能及介电性能

以甲基纳迪克酸酐(MNA)为固化剂,制备了环氧树脂/聚醚砜/纳米氧化铝三元复合材料,并对其力学性能、介电性能以及热稳定性能进行了研究,同时探讨了其性能增强机理。结果表明:当聚醚砜(PES)和纳米氧化铝(nano-Al_2O_3)的质量分数分别为15%和3%时,环氧树脂/15PES/3Al_2O_3复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到45.7kJ/m~2、87 MPa和180MPa,与纯环氧树脂相比,均有大幅度的提高。在测试频率为100Hz时,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗分别为7.7和0.013 5,介电性能较纯环氧树脂也有一定提高。此外,热分解温度比纯环氧树脂的提高了73℃,热稳定性得到提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-