干用辣椒RAPD—PCR反应体系正交优化的研究

以干用辣椒幼苗为材料,研究了干用辣椒RAPD分析过程中的Taq酶、Mg^2＋,dNTPs、引物、模板DNA浓度、退火温度等影响因素,建立适合干用辣椒RAPD反应的PCR体系,即25μL反应体系中含有解体Taq酶1．5U、Mg^2＋2．5mmol／L,dNTPs0．6mmol／L、引物0．8μmol／L、模板DNA60ng．扩增程序为：94℃预变性4min;94℃变性1min,37℃退火1min,72％延伸1．5min,40个循环;最后72℃副延伸5min．     

水稻基因组DNA的RAPD扩增研究

通过对水稻RAPD反应条件比较研究，建立了对除草剂敏感致死水稻RAPD的最适反应体系和反应扩增程序，即在25止反应体系中，含10mmol／LTris-HCl(pH8．0)，10mmol／LKCI，8mmol／L(NH4)2804，0．05％NP-40，2．0mmol／LMgCl2，0．1mmol／L(each)dTNPs，20ng引物，20ng基因组DNA，1．5U的Taq酶。反应扩增程序为：94℃变性2min；扩增40个循环，每循环包括：94℃变性10s，40℃退火30s，72℃延伸1．5min；最终延伸5min。     

均匀设计优化黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系

采用均匀设计,对影响黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系的引物、Mg2 、dNTP、Taq DNA聚合酶和模板DNA浓度等进行5因素5水平和5因素3水平两轮优化,建立了适合于黑木相思ISSR-PCR的体系:在20μL反应体系中,含引物0.30μmol.L-1,Mg2 3.00 mmol.L-1,dNTP 0.15 mmol.L-1,Taq DNA聚合酶0.75U,模板DNA 2.00 ng.μL-1.在此基础上对扩增程序中的循环次数、退火温度、退火时间进行筛选,获得的扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;接着进行33个循环:94℃变性35 s,52~61.5℃退火52 s,72℃延伸90 s;循环结束后,72℃延伸10 min.同时筛选得到10个扩增稳定、多态性丰富的ISSR引物.     

铁皮石斛野生居群研究(Ⅳ):RAPD反应体系的构建与优化

为获得铁皮石斛RAPD的最佳反应体系,本文对影响RAPD反应的模板含量、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq酶浓度、扩增程序及退火温度等多种因子进行了构建与优化.通过各因子的组合研究,我们得到铁皮石斛RAPD反应最适扩增体系是:25μLPCR反应体积,10×Buffer 2.5μL,2.5 mmol/L MgC l2,dNTP 2.5μL(各2.5mmol/L),模板DNA为30 ng,Taq聚合酶1.5 U,随机引物12 pmol,ddH2O 14.2μL.最佳扩增程序:94℃预变性3m in,94℃变性50 s,38℃复性1 m in,72℃延伸2 m in,循环40次;最后72℃延伸5 m in.4℃保存.     

赤松ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

为了建立赤松ISSR-PCR反应体系,利用正交试验分别对影响赤松PCR反应的dNTP浓度、Mg~(2+)浓度、Taq酶浓度、引物浓度、模板浓度进行了优化,并通过梯度PCR确定引物的最佳退火温度和循环次数.最终确定赤松ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系及扩增条件为:25μL反应体系中含2.5μL 10×PCR Buffer、3 mmol·L~(-1)dNTP、1.5 mmol·L~(-1)Mg~(2+)、0.5 U Taq酶、0.3μmol·L~(-1)引物、9 ng模板;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min,然后进行94℃变性30 s,55℃退火45 s(退火温度随引物不同而变化),72℃延伸2 min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸7 min.这一ISSR-PCR反应体系,为今后利用ISSR技术对赤松进行物种分类鉴定奠定了基础.     

真藓科(Bryaceae)植物RAPD反应体系的建立

真藓科植物的分子系统学研究是藓类植物研究中的新热点,RAPD是分子系统学研究中被广泛采用的一项重要技术.为了开展真藓科植物的分子系统学研究,通过单因素实验结合正交实验建立了适于该科植物的RAPD最佳反应体系:dNTP为0.2 mmol/L,随机引物0.4μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶1.25 U,Mg2 为2 mmol/L,模板DNA为50 ng,扩增体系为25μL.确定扩增程序:95℃预变性7min;94℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸2 min,40个循环;72℃终延伸7 min.并利用该体系从200条随机引物中筛选出了31条高度多态性的引物.     

流苏石斛ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

以流苏石斛为材料,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增结果的因素进行了探讨,建立了适合流苏石斛ISSR-PCR分析的最佳反应体系.在20μL反应体系中含1×buffer,2.0 mmol/L Mg2+,1.0 mmol/L dNTP s,1.0μmol/L引物,0.5 UTaqDNA聚合酶,10 ng模板DNA.扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,50℃退火45 s,72℃延伸45 s,共35个循环;最后72℃延伸7 min.     

新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增体系的优化

以3个新疆杏品种的叶片为试材,以其叶片基因组DNA为模板,分别对PCR扩增体系中的10×Buffer(含Mg2+)、dNTP、上下游引物、TaqDNA聚合酶和退火温度5个因素设计6个梯度,研究了新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增条件,建立其优化的PCR扩增体系。研究结果表明:其扩增程序为94℃预变性5min,94℃变性45s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸2min,35个循环后72℃延伸10min,25μL反应体系10×Buffer(含Mg2+)2.5μL,dNTP0.08mmol/L,上下引物0.16μmol/L,DNA80ng,DNA聚合酶1μL,此为最优的反应体系。     

山药基因组DNA的提取和RAPD反应条件的优化

研究了山药基因组DNA的提取方法;对Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度和Taq酶用量进行了优化,建立了最佳的RAPD反应体系:在25μL反应体系中Mg2+浓度为2.0 mmol.L-1,dNTPs浓度为0.25 mmol.L-1,引物浓度为20 pmol.L-1,Taq酶1.5 U,模板DNA为200 ng.扩增程序为:95℃预变性7 min;94℃变性30 s,36℃退火45 s,72℃延伸2 min,共35个循环;72℃终延伸10 min.     

大白菜RAPD扩增体系的优化研究

以大白菜3411－7自交系为材料，使用PE公司生产的Thermal Cycler480型PCR仪，对影响大白菜RAPD扩增的因素进行了研究，确定了模板，Mg^2 ,dNTPs，引物和Taq DNA聚合酶的适宜浓度和最佳的循环次数。实验结果表明，在25μL反应体系中使用20－60mg的模板DNA，1.5-2.0mmol/L的Mg^2 ,0.15-0.25mmol/L dNTPs,0.8-1.0μmol/L随机引物，1.0-1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶，在94℃下预变性5min后执行94℃ 1min,37℃ 1min,72℃ 2min，35个循环，最后72℃再延伸5min的条件下，大白菜的RAPD扩增效果较好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to