终端区场景下空中交通流建模与控制分析

针对繁忙终端区以及主干航路的运行状态日趋容量极限,现有的空中交通管理系统仍采取传统依赖管制经验的空中交通管制模式,空中交通网络拥堵问题日渐严重。本文构建空中交通流系统模型,旨在从系统工程的角度进行定性和定量的分析,在有限的空域资源约束下进行有效空中交通流量管理。首先,对终端区空域栅格化处理,考虑控制过程中进离场飞行程序,在TAAM(Total Airspace and Airport Modeller)软件中建立初始模型并进行仿真,获取各二维面元(Surface Element, SEL)交通流参数信息,在仿真数据的基础上确定各SEL交通流的平均速度,对终端区二维控制体模型(2D Menon Model, MM2D)进行改进。其次,结合现代控制理论,以空域状态方程和系统矩阵对交通流进行表征,并对该系统进行能控性和稳定性分析。结果表明：改进的终端区MM2D模型能控性矩阵满秩,系统矩阵特征值为0.04、0.194、0.517和0.529均小于1,证明空中交通流系统可控且渐近稳定,通过对控制量组合给予调配,可得到完全能控下最小控制量组合,交通流控制率可缩减45.7%,对实际管制过程中交通流控制方向与数量具有一定的现实意义。     

广义空中交通流建模综述

空中交通流建模是研究空中交通系统拥堵规律和演变机理的重要手段。面向集权式管控下空中交通流广义属性,将空中交通流模型分为"以流为中心"和"以人为中心"两类,评述各类广义交通流模型的核心理念、建模方法、主要特点和适用范围,强调了空中交通流建模中"人-流"关系的重要性;针对当前交通流建模亟需突破的瓶颈和未来空中交通发展需求,从粒度差异化、行为随机化、"人-流"一体化、复杂性视角和未来适应性5个方面提出了广义空中交通流建模的发展趋势,为开展空中交通基础理论和应用技术研究提供参考借鉴。     

关于如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力探讨

空中交通管制员的工作职责,主要是利用通信、导航技术和雷达监控手段对飞机飞行活动进行监视和控制,确保飞行安全和有秩序地进行。近几年,中国民航业快速发展,空中交通流量不断增加,加上空域内其他用户的限制和恶劣天气等的影响,空中冲突愈发剧烈,空中交通管制员的工作负荷迅速增加。客观而言,完全避免整个空中交通系统不出现任何问题是难以实现的。但我们可以通过现有的经验和合理的规章制度来完善优化系统,缓解空中冲突,有效预防飞行不安全事件和事故的发生。本文就空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的内容进行了介绍,并提出了如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的对策。     

空中交通流时间序列的复杂度分析

空中交通系统是复杂的非线性系统,时间序列是研究空中交通系统的有效措施。为了定量分析空中交通的复杂性,首先阐述Lempel-Ziv算法复杂度及其修正复杂度;然后采集三亚01号、02号、04号扇区连续28 d的实际运行数据,构建了空中交通流时间序列;计算了3个扇区交通流时间序列的算法复杂度,并对相关参数的影响进行了分析。计算结果表明,修正的算法复杂度适用于长度较短的时间序列,可用于量化测度空中交通流复杂性;符号化方法、序列长度、时间尺度等对算法复杂度有较大影响。     

基于航班计划的空域交通流量实时预测模型

空中交通流量预测是空中交通管理的基础,实时的空中流量预测能够有效地保证空中交通有序顺畅的运行,对保证飞行安全和解决空中交通拥挤、减少航班延误有很大的帮助。为了准确预测空域内实时的交通流量,本文首先建立了空域内单航路有N个转弯点情况下的实时流量预测模型,然后将模型推广到了空域内有任意条航路的情况,最后进行了算例仿真。仿真结果证实了文中所建模型能够很好对空域内的实时流量进行预测,模型是可行和有效的。     

基于复杂网络理论的飞行冲突关键点识别

针对目前空域内航空器防相撞风险骤增,飞行安全态势不容乐观的现状,现有的飞行冲突探测方法难以把握如此复杂的空中冲突态势,不利于航空管制员对空域的飞行安全态势情况进行准确掌控。提出一种基于复杂网络理论的飞行冲突关键点识别方法。首先基于航空器机载防相撞系统（ACAS）保护区模型构建飞行冲突态势网络模型,在此基础上,采用复杂网络理论中的节点度中心性、接近中心性以及PageRank指标结合AHP方法对空域飞行冲突态势网络中所有节点的冲突等级进行评估,找出威胁等级较高的关键航空器及关键位置。仿真结果表明,通过建立飞行冲突态势网络可以合理划分空域内的安全态势等级,同时根据复杂网络节点重要度评价指标能够对存在严重冲突安全威胁的航空器进行有效识别,协助航空管制员全面掌握空域内飞行安全态势。     

空中交通复杂度测度分析及航班监测预警研究

应用复杂理论分析方法,研究了空中交通流复杂度,提出了空中交通复杂性测度的计算方法以及交通流稳健度评价体系,并对空中交通系统复杂度影响较大的航班提出预警。讨论了基于复杂性测度理论的空中交通复杂度度量分析和监测预警,研究表明所提供的方法能够从复杂,不确定的数据中计算出系统复杂度的变化,通过稳健性技术指标,能够辨别与系统稳健性相关的状态参数,指出对系统稳健度造成较大影响的航班。这些研究工作表明,提出的复杂性方法能够对空中交通复杂度进行测度分析和对航班进行监测预警。     

机场的进离场空中交通流复杂性

机场进离场空中交通流复杂性的量化是空管和机场进行预测和管控的重要依据。提出基于排列熵的复杂熵因果平面(complexity entropy causality plane, CECP)以及Fisher-Shannon(FS)因果平面的机场进离场空中交通流复杂性量化分析模型,量化单机场进离场空中交通流量复杂度,研究多机场进离场空中交通流复杂度之间的关联性。针对单机场,首先将机场进离场空中交通流量时间序列符号化,计算时间序列的标准排列熵和统计复杂度以及Fisher信息,量化机场进离场空中交通流时间序列的复杂程度;针对多机场,构建CECP以及FS,分析比较各机场在CECP和FS中的位置,区分进离场空中交通流复杂性较高的机场。验证结果表明：提出的模型对于量化机场进离场空中交通流复杂性具有可行性和准确性,可以有效区分进离场空中交通流复杂程度较高的机场,对机场交通流的实时预测和管控具有指导意义。     

产学研用科研链实现“数字空管”大跨越

在我国辽阔的空域里,同一时刻有近千架民航飞机在空中高速穿梭。面对如此庞大而繁忙的空中交通运输系统,”如何确保飞行安全,同时提高运行效率？”成为一项重大课题。北京航空航天大学（简称“北航”）网络化协同式空管系统研究团队经过十余年的艰苦努力,研制出”空地协同的民航空域监视新技术及装备”,该项目荣获2009年度国家技术发明一等奖。     

空中交通短期流量管理的动态网络流模型

针对优化调度空中交通短期流量的迫切需求,研究空中交通管制区的网络结构和确定容量条件下空中交通流的动态行为,给出了空中交通短期流量管理的多品种动态网络流模型的数学描述(ST-TFMP);并就管制区内现有飞机的疏散问题对原模型进行了改进.利用北京管制区某日高峰飞行时段的到达流量实际数据,在不同场景下对模型进行了仿真验证,结果表明空中交通短期流量管理的动态网络流模型有着较好的计算性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.