航空器离场管制关键环节识别及风险传播研究

航空器离场风险识别是民航安全生产的重要环节，但目前研究多面向航空器运动过程和静态危险源，忽略了管制业务影响和风险动态传播机理．针对此问题，本文提出了基于复杂网络的离场管制关键点识别及风险传播模型．首先，抽象管制信息交互和业务逻辑，构建复杂网络并量化各节点重要度，然后考虑安全管控延迟效应，定义风险产生、传播及恢复规则，形成离场管制风险动态传播模型．实验结果表明：本文模型能再现风险传播机理和规律，机组等10个节点为风险传播关键环节，机组对风险扩散作用最强，传播成功率峰值为0.519，塔台管制员和地面管制员为危险源时能激发其他节点进行风险控制，针对关键节点实施安全管理能有效抑制风险传播．     

关于民航空管的多方面研究

空中交通管制工作的主要任务是保障航空器在空中和地面按照一定规则安全有序地流动,并提供相关服务。而保障航空器安全飞行、避免飞行冲突的工作重任,则是航空管制员的神圣使命。     

基于飞行计划集中处理的多航空器无冲突航迹规划

为增大空域容量,提高飞行安全,降低管制员的工作负荷,4D航迹预测与规划是国内新一代空管自动化系统中最为重要地一项核心技术。首先在预战术流量管理阶段,通过飞行计划集中处理得到的航空器飞行计划信息,将航线划分成若干航段。然后利用航空器在不同航段间的离散型模型和单个航段中运动的连续型模型建立混杂模型,通过全飞行剖面混杂模型进行航迹预测;在相对运动法中采用调整速度来规避航路交叉点冲突以实现冲突解脱。最后提出航迹规划方法并对航空器进行无冲突航迹规划。仿真算例表明：在飞行计划集中处理与混杂模型下预测的水平航迹与垂直航迹能够准确地反映航空器飞行状态变化;调速法或调整时刻能有效地规避飞行冲突,所以提出的无冲突4D航迹规划方法是切实可行的。     

基于多目标融合及改进遗传算法的终端区进场协同排序

未来我国终端区将逐年递增,根据数据显示终端区内空域资源与飞行流量的增长不成正比,终端区内流量趋于饱和。为了有效提升终端区运行的效率,确保航空器在其空域的安全飞行,降低管制员的负荷以及公司的运行成本,本文从航空器延误,管制员负荷以及各机场资源平衡三个方向建立多机场终端区航空器进场协同排序模型。首先,通过对终端区范围界定,运行主要问题的研究以及空域结构的分析了解终端区系统的相互关联因素;其次,通过对终端区进场航空器的线路、交叉点的单独分析,找到相应的共同点和影响较高的运行系统相关性因素,相关的约束以及主要的解决目标;最后利用结合模拟退火的NSGA-II算法对该模型进行求解。结果表明基于改进遗传算法对该模型求解后对比先到先服务模式以及未改进的遗传算法在效率上分别提高26.3%和53.2%。由此可见,所提出的模型能有效的提高航空器排序的效率。     

基于宝鸡公交网络节点的中心性分析

选取陕西省宝鸡市的344个公交站点作为节点,基于复杂网络理论构建了宝鸡公交网络模型.通过分析网络中节点的度中心性、介数中心性以及紧密度中心性指标,对网络中各个节点中心化程度进行研究,从不同的角度确定出宝鸡公交网络中的枢纽节点,对应于城市的关键站点和主要换乘站点.网络节点中心化的研究可为城市公交网络站点的合理分配及公交系统规划提供一定的理论依据.     

关于如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力探讨

空中交通管制员的工作职责,主要是利用通信、导航技术和雷达监控手段对飞机飞行活动进行监视和控制,确保飞行安全和有秩序地进行。近几年,中国民航业快速发展,空中交通流量不断增加,加上空域内其他用户的限制和恶劣天气等的影响,空中冲突愈发剧烈,空中交通管制员的工作负荷迅速增加。客观而言,完全避免整个空中交通系统不出现任何问题是难以实现的。但我们可以通过现有的经验和合理的规章制度来完善优化系统,缓解空中冲突,有效预防飞行不安全事件和事故的发生。本文就空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的内容进行了介绍,并提出了如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的对策。     

基于多标度层次分析法的无人机避让策略构建

针对未来同一片空域内由于多种航空器共同执行任务而可能出现的飞行安全问题,通过研究各种可能出现碰撞的情景,构建了大型无人机在混合空域中最优避让方案评价指标体系,通过分析不同标度法的优缺点,提出一种多标度层次分析法的混合空域策略。首先,以大型无人机为研究对象建立混合空域模型,将混合空域中出现与本机发生冲突可能性的各种飞鸟或航空器进行分类,并考虑碰撞风险等级及目标执行任务等级因素。其次,采用多标度层次分析法求得不同情况下各类避让目标的权值,经过一致性判定;进一步引入隶属度函数,通过分析已获得的权值,对最终结果进行进一步的权重修正。最后,对大型无人机在空域中飞行可能遇到的空域环境进行分析,以验证无人机避让决策方案是否行之有效。结果表明,确定的基于多标度层次分析法可以满足无人机在面对复杂空域环境时避让策略方案的确立,并且具有动态效果,满足无人机实时构建和调整避让策略需要。研究结果可为实现大型无人机在混合空域中的安全飞行提供新的思路。     

基于PHMM的终端区航空器综合态势识别

航空器在终端区飞行时,由于受到诸多因素的影响,导致其不能严格按照计划航线飞行。通过分析历史航迹数据,提出了一种基于并行隐马可夫模型的终端区航空器综合态势识别方法。首先提取航迹数据的各类特征点,然后根据其x坐标、Y坐标以及Z坐标建立3个隐马尔可夫模型。通过训练3个模型的参数,对航空器在终端区内的高度态势、速度态势以及方向态势进行识别。最后采用综合分析方法对航空器的综合态势进行识别。实验表明,该方法能够快速、准确、有效地识别出终端区航空器的综合飞行态势,为管制员发布管制指令提供依据。     

航空器动态改航的自动化处理技术比较

随着空中交通流量的不断增长,航空器面临的改航飞行也就日益增加,这就使空中交通管制员面临的飞行态势变得日益复杂。面向4D轨迹的航空器动态改航技术可以实时地为管制员提供优化的改航方案,可以作为管制指挥的参考依据,从而减轻管制工作负荷,提高管制效率和空域流量,具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要选取了一些具有代表性的航空器动态改航算法,对比分析了它们的优缺点和适用范围,从而为使用这些算法提供一定的参考。     

基于复杂网络理论的中国城市航空网络有向加权分析

为了科学优化中国航空网络资源分配、测评特殊机场的重要地位,本文运用复杂网络理论,构建中国城市航空有向加权网络,探究其网络结构特征并以度中心性、介数中心性、入强度为指标进行节点重要性排序筛选国内重要机场节点。结果表明,中国城市航空网络的节点度值和边权值分布都具有异质性,是一个无标度网络;不同方法筛选出的重要机场节点基本一致,筛选结果为网络整体管控提供有效意见;ZWWW、ZYHB机场在介数中心性相对其他指标较高,在网络中具有重要的中转作用。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.