具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

西宁地区主要藻类的分布规律及其名录

据笔者的调查研究,西宁地区藻类植物计有七门52种。这些藻类常以单纯一种或数种集聚一起,构成集群,它们的分布具有固定的规律性。本文除列出西宁地区主要藻类的名录外,着重揭示了本地区藻类的不同集群分布于不同土质、不同水体、不同酸碱度等生态条件的规律性。     

A stony meteorite fallen in Lujiang, Anhui Province

A stony meteorite fell in Lujiang County, Anhui Province. Its falling, minerals, chondrules, shock metamorphism and oxidation are simply revealed. The meteorite is composed of olivine, bronzite, diopside, clinoenstatite, plagioclase, muscovite, phlogopite, whit-lockite, kamacite, taenite, troilite, chromite, ilmenite and oxides of iron. Based on its characteristics of mineralogical chemistry and petrology, the chemical rock type of the meteorite is LL6.     

荧光光谱法分析煤焦油组分

研究煤焦油组分时,为了防止组分相互之间的干扰,在测定前用几种不同极性的溶剂:石油醚;80%石油醚-20%甲苯;60%石油醚-40%甲苯;40%石滑醚-60%甲苯;20%石油醚-80%甲苯;甲苯;氯仿;50%氟仿-50%甲醇;甲醇进行洗提,从煤焦油中得到9个级分。然后用荧光法从9个级分中鉴定出28个组分:茶、苊、联苯、三甲基酚、菲、异喹啉、芴、对氨基酚、联苯胺、蒽醌、四氢萘、2,5-二甲酚、蒽、咔唑、间苯二酚、二乙基苯胺、喹啉、吲哚醌、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、萘醌、菲醌、窟、苾、氧芴、1,2-苯并蒽、2,3-苯并蒽、3,4-苯并苾。同时定量了氯仿和甲醇级分中氧芴、(艹屈)、联苯胺、苾、菲、蒽、咔唑、四氢蔡咔、四氢萘、苯醌、喹啉、8-羟基喹啉等12个组分的含量。     

Sintering behaviors and consolidation mechanism of high-chromium vanadium and titanium magnetite fines

To achieve high efficiency utilization of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (V–Ti–Cr) fines, an investigation of V–Ti–Cr fines was conducted using a sinter pot. The chemical composition, particle parameters, and granulation of V–Ti–Cr mixtures were analyzed, and the effects of sintering parameters on the sintering behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum quicklime dosage, mixture moisture, wetting time, and granulation time for V–Ti–Cr fines are 5wt%, 7.5wt%, 10 min, and 5–8 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the vertical sintering speed, yield, tumbler strength, and productivity gains were shown to be 21.28 mm/min, 60.50wt%, 58.26wt%, and 1.36 t·m-2·h-1, respectively. Furthermore, the consolidation mechanism of V–Ti–Cr fines was clarified, revealing that the consolidation of a V–Ti–Cr sinter requires an approximately 14vol% calcium ferrite liquid-state, an approximately 15vol% silicate liquid-state, a solid-state reaction, and the recrystallization of magnetite. Compared to an ordinary sinter, calcium ferrite content in a V–Ti–Cr sinter is lower, while the perovskite content is higher, possibly resulting in unsatisfactory sinter outcomes.     

论新时期我国民主政治建设的理论创新和实践

新时期中国共产党通过理论创新确立了中国特色社会主义理论体系,产生了民主法制、依法治国、政治文明、以人为本、和谐社会等新的思想观念,为中国民主政治发展作了方向性和理论性指导。在实践中,按照适应经济发展和经济体制改革的要求,同时适应公民政治参与积极性提高的要求,中国共产党领导人民,在制度建设、民主执政、党内民主、人权保障等方面深化政治体制改革,不断探索民主政治建设的实践路径。国情性、时代性、互动性、同一性、渐进有序性是改革开放以来我国民主政治建设的基本经验。     

城市声景观

简要叙述了一系列关于城市声景评价、模拟以及预测的综合研究，这些研究特别着眼于城市公共开放空间，其中声景评价重点研究各种声学、环境、社会、人口、心理、文化和行为因素对声景质量的影响，以及描述声景的主要因素，这部分研究主要建立在一系列在欧洲和中国进行的声景调查的基础上．发展了计算小尺度城市区域的声场模拟模型，包括基于声能的虚声源法、声线追踪法、radiosity法、声线追踪／radiosity综合法，以及城市声场可听化技术，然后利用这些模型对小尺度城市区域的声场基本特征以及建筑设计和城市规划的作用进行了分析．最后，运用人工神经网络技术以及序数逻辑回归技术，提出了一个预测声景质量的模型工具，其输入包括设计的空间和声源情况以及使用者的社会、人口及行为特点等．     

伊朗青蜂科和切叶蜂科种类（膜翅目：青蜂总科，蜜蜂总科）

本文记述了伊朗膜翅目Hymenoptera青蜂科Chrysididae和切叶蜂科MegachiLidae的种类，其中青蜂科7属（ Chrysis，Chrysura，Cleptes，Pseudomalus，Trichrysis，Parnopes和Spinolia）10种，切叶蜂科10属（ Anthidium， Anthidiellum，Chalicodoma，Coelioxys，Heriades，Hoplitis，Megachile，Osmia，Protosmia 和Stelis）17种。     

生物多样性的评估仍是一项艰巨的工作

根据现有的资料对中国和世界动物的种数作了一个初步的比较，无脊椎动的某些门类在中国有多少种目前还不清楚，如：鄂咽动物门Gnathostomula，腹毛动物门Gastrotricha，线形动物门Nematomorpha（部分），有爪动物门Onychophora和心鳃动物门Pterobranchia，此外，下列一些动物门类或其中的部分分类单元，在我国有关物种资源的知识也很贫乏，尚需要作进一步的深入研究，如：海绵动物门Porifera，中生动物门Metazoa,线虫动物门Nematoda，棘头动物门Acanthocephala，益虫动物门Echiura，须腕动物门Pogonophora，软体动物门Mollusca（部分），腕足动物门Branchiopoda，内肛动物门Entoprocta,缓步动物门Tardigrada,五口动物门Pentastoma,节肢动物门Arthropoda(部分）和肠鳃动物门Enteropneusta,本文还对受胁动物的状况进行了讨论，无疑地，森林的破坏和动物资源的过度开发是威胁物种多样性的主要因素，此外，水的污染和富营养化使许多动物，尤其是淡水无脊椎动物面临灭绝的危险，过去数十年间，我国的动物学工作者在分类学研究和野生动物的保护方面，尤其是对珍稀种，特有种和重要的经济种的保护方面作出了巨大的努力，但是，像我国这样一个多样性大国，尚有大量的物种有待调查研究和编目，在1996年IUCN（世界自然保护联盟）出版的《世界物种红色名录》中，中国只有5种无脊椎动物被列为受胁物种，仅占世界受胁物总的总数（1891种）的0．26％，占美国物种总数（594种）类，蛭类和涡虫类这样一些类群竞争没有列出一种是受胁的种类，像珊瑚的这样重要的类群没有列出一种灭绝种，仅仅列出2个易危种，由此，作者在文中强调指出，在物种多样性的调查，编目和红皮书的编写方面，今后的的重点应放到无脊椎动物这一个在生物多样性中占优势类群方面来。     

原子吸收光谱在人体及水分析中的应用

本文总结了人体及水中26种成分的测定方法,测定技术及实际应用.分析对象包括地表水、全血、血清、尿、胃液、人体组织等.测定成分包括Be、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Co、Ni、Mo、V、Cd、Fe、Mn、Sr、Ba、K、Na、Ca、Mg、CuZn、As、Sb、Se、Sn、Bi、总汞、无机汞和有机汞等.采用的方法有直接火焰法.萃取火焰法、加热雾室火焰法、微量取样火焰法、石墨炉、钽舟、氢化法和冷原子吸收法等.     

中国锥囊藻科植物

通过对我国的锥囊藻科植物进行鉴定和整理,共报道该科植物6属,20种(变种),包括螺旋锥囊藻,侧位锥囊藻,圆筒形锥囊藻,分歧锥囊藻,群聚锥囊藻,秀丽锥囊藻,长锥形锥囊藻,密集锥囊藻,双隐孔金粒藻,淡红金粒藻,北方金杯藻,饱满金杯藻,卵形金杯藻,具鞭金杯藻,岸生金杯藻,浮游金杯藻,恩慈假金杯藻,波形假金杯藻菱形变种,椭圆附钟藻和纤细斯特克藻.