利福平Si02纳米微球制备及影响因素的研究

目的,研究纳米SiO2微球组分及制备影响因素、微球表征以及利福平纳米微球的释放效果。方法：1)正交试验选出制备纳米SiO2微球各因素的最佳水平组合;2)乳化剂挥发法制备利福平纳米SiO2微球,并考察和表征其粒径大小、载药量和包封率等指标。3)利福平纳米二氧化硅微球释放评价试验。结果显示：最佳水平组合为A1B3C3D3,即纳米Si02粒径10nm、PLA 80mg/ml、明胶40mg/ml和二氯甲烷:丙酮=2:2。制备的利福平纳米SiO2微球外观圆整,大小均匀,粒径可控。影响载药量因素最主要为聚乳酸含量,其次为两种溶剂(疏水与亲水)的比例,然后是孔径和稳定剂的含量。结论：该方法制备的利福平纳米SiO2微球其载药量、包封率均在60%以上,且体外释放稳定,符合药物缓释的要求。     

小檗碱聚乳酸微球的制备工艺及特性研究

采用溶剂挥发法制备小檗碱聚乳酸微球, 选择小檗碱与聚乳酸的投料比、二氯甲烷与水的体积比和乳化剂PVA的质量分数3个因素为实验因素,以包封率和载药量为优化指标, 采用L9(3⁴)正交试验优选最佳处方和制备工艺,测定微球的粒径分布、包封率,并进行体外释药试验。小檗碱聚乳酸微球的算术平均粒径为(53.0±3.5)μm(n=500),载药量为(8.96±0.3)%(n=3),药物包封率为(83.4±0.5)%(n=3),37℃时30d内微球体外累积释药量为82.03%。小檗碱聚乳酸微球球形圆整,释放良好,分子量2.5万左右的聚乳酸较适宜制作微球。     

利福平SiO_2纳米微球制备及影响因素的研究

采用正交试验设计对纳米SiO_2微球各组分因素的不同水平进行优化组合,将各水平组合制备成相应的微球,以微球SiO_2含量为评价指标筛选出最佳组分因素的水平组合.通过考察、表征和比较这些微球的粒径、载药量和包封率等指标,同时结合载药微球-利福平纳米二氧化硅微球的释放试验,分别进行纳米SiO_2微球组分对微球制备、微球表征和药物释放影响的评价.获取的最佳水平组合为A1B3C3D3,即纳米SiO_2粒径10 nm、PLA 80 mg/mL、明胶40 mg/mL和二氯甲烷:丙酮=2∶2.该水平组合制备的利福平纳米SiO_2微球外观圆整,大小均匀,粒径可控,其载药量、包封率均在60%以上,且体外释放稳定,符合药物缓释的要求.实验结果也显示,聚乳酸含量为载药量的最主要影响因素,其次为两种溶剂(疏水与亲水)的比例,以及孔径和稳定剂的含量.     

氟苯尼考/壳聚糖纳米微球的制备及其缓释性能

以三聚磷酸钠为交联剂,采用离子交联法制备了氟苯尼考/壳聚糖纳米微球,用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜表征了该纳米微球的微观结构和形态,并通过Zeta电位和红外光谱分析该载药纳米微球的形成机理.结果显示:当氟苯尼考与壳聚糖的质量分数为3∶5、壳聚糖与三聚磷酸钠的质量分数为5∶1时,氟苯尼考/壳聚糖纳米微球对氟苯尼考有较大的包封率(64.5%)和载药量(44.0%),并具有较好的缓释性能(45.5 h内释放79.2%),作为氟苯尼考的缓释剂型是可行的.药物释放曲线符合一级动力学方程.     

洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及其体外释药

采用油/水型乳化溶剂挥发法制备了洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球,通过正交试验筛选最优制备工艺;考察了微球的粒径,形态,及载药量、包封率等特征,采用透析法进行微球体外释药研究。结果表明由最佳工艺制备的洛伐他汀聚乳酸微球形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀。分子量5万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量32.28%,包封率81.81%,平均粒径65.8μm ;分子量3万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量27.66%,包封率60.84%,平均粒径63.3μm。二者在10d内体外累积释放率分别为34.81%和40.96%,释药动力学符合Higuchi方程。     

聚(D,L-乳酸)微球的制备与释药性能研究

以溶液缩聚法制得的聚(D,L-乳酸)(PDLLA)为载体材料,聚乙烯醇为乳化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备了PDLLA微球和PDLLA/吡虫啉、PDLLA/啶虫脒载药缓释微球。考察了油相PDLLA用量、水相聚乙烯醇用量以及水油相体积比对微球粒径的影响,并采用紫外分光光度法探讨了PDLLA/吡虫啉、PDLLA/啶虫脒缓释微球的释药性能。结果表明,工艺条件对微球粒径有显著影响,当PDLLA用量为8%(质量分数),聚乙烯醇用量1%(质量分数),水油相体积比2∶1时,可得光滑完整的微球。     

阿维菌素缓释微球的研制

以生物可降解材料聚乳酸(PLA)为载体,通过溶剂蒸发法制备了一种具有缓释性能的阿维菌素微球,研究了PLA的粘度及配比对微球制备以及释放度的影响.实验结果表明:随着PLA用量的减少,微球的粒径逐渐减小,释放速度逐渐加大;随着PLA粘度的增大,载药微球的表皮粗糙度加大,空隙也逐渐增大,释放加快.利用扫描电镜观察载药微球外观为单分散球体,表面粗糙,粒径为10～100 μm.用高效液相色谱法测定了微球内的药物含量并计算其包封率,利用差示扫描量热分析证明药物被微球有效包裹.     

PLGA基载药复合微球的制备及其释放性能

以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)为载体材料,牛血清蛋白(BSA)为蛋白模型药物,采用复相乳化溶剂法制备PLGA载药微球,探索载药微球制备过程中囊芯比、初乳水油比、分散剂浓度、超声乳化时间对微球粒径大小、载药率、包封率的影响。结果表明,最优载药微球的制备条件为:囊芯比1:1,初乳水油比3:5,分散剂质量分数0.5%,超声乳化时间2 min。在此条件下,所得PLGA微球的粒径为268.7 nm,载药率30.88%,包封率46.95%; 电镜照片表明微球表面连续光滑,粒径分布较均匀。采用静电吸附法用阳离子聚电解质壳聚糖对最佳条件下的PLGA载药微球进行表面修饰,扫描电镜表明复合后微球粒径变大,能谱分析表明复合后微球中有N元素存在,即复合微球中存在壳聚糖,电荷测试表明微球表面带正电; 体外释放实验表明PLGA-CS复合载药微球的缓释时间延长,释药初期的突释性明显改善。     

苦杏仁苷明胶微球的制备及其工艺优化

对苦杏仁苷明胶微球的制备工艺及特性进行初步研究.以生物降解材料明胶为载体,采用乳化化学交联法制备含苦杏仁苷的明胶微球,并进行验证试验和微球的体外溶出试验以及微球稳定性和胃黏膜刺激性实验.优化最佳处方为明胶质量分数15%,苦杏仁苷与明胶质量比1∶10,液体石蜡与明胶溶液体积比4∶1;制备的苦杏仁苷明胶微球外形圆整, 稳定且刺激性小,平均载药量为7.5%,包封率为25.12%.     

白蛋白聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及体外释放研究

文章研究了复乳法制备聚乳酸-白蛋白复合微球和白蛋白的体外释放。以包封率为指标,通过正交实验优化制备工艺条件;对复合微球的大小、形态、负载率和体外释药进行了研究。结果表明制备的复合微球外观圆整,粒径主要分布在10~40μm,白蛋白的包封率为(85.25±2.5)%,负载率为(14.52±0.42)%。该复合微球在体外缓释白蛋白达27 d以上,主要通过扩散控释机制,缓释曲线符合Higuchi方程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.