基于GVF-Snake的运动目标跟踪

为了使GVF-Snake具备快速跟踪运动目标的能力,提出采用帧差运动补偿和GVF-Snake结合的跟踪算法.采用二次帧差法对视频图像进行处理,自动得到初始轮廓解决GVF-Snake模型初始轮廓确定的问题.对于输入视频图像在每一次迭代中重新计算整幅图像的GVF场时间消耗大的现象,采用分块计算,减少了计算量,使GVF-Snake跟踪达到接近实时的要求.在遮挡方面,采用前一帧差运动补偿的方法.实验表明,此跟踪算法具有较好的性能.     

图像边缘检测中的改进算法

针对传统的蚁群边缘检测算法存在耗时长和易受噪声影响的缺点,提出了一种改进的蚁群边缘检测算法.该算法对蚂蚁路径选择中的启发式信息值的计算方法进行改进,使其计算基于邻域中节点的梯度,能更好地引导蚂蚁向边缘节点进行移动.通过仿真实验表明:该算法与传统的蚁群算法相比,能够减少耗时、抑制噪声及准确快速地检测出图像边缘.     

基于自适应结构张量的FCM改进算法

针对传统模糊C均值聚类算法对图像特征描述单一,易受图像复杂纹理干扰而出现误分割的问题,提出一种基于自适应结构张量的FCM算法,并将其应用于图像分割.打破传统高斯滤波器在滤波方向和角度上所受限制,采用基于各向异性滤波的结构张量;引入图像边缘密度函数,用以衡量图像节点的平滑性,自适应地计算各向异性滤波函数所占比例;定义一种自适应结构张量相似性度量标准,用以计算图像中节点与聚类中心点的结构相似性,有效地代替了传统FCM中的灰度相似性度量标准;采用一种新颖的节点间距离度量公式来计算图像中节点与聚类中心点的差异.仿真结果表明,对结构复杂的图像,改进算法获得了更加精确的分割结果.     

一种新的多机动目标跟踪的GMPHD滤波算法

针对多机动目标跟踪的传统数据关联算法约束条件苛刻、估计精度低、计算量大等问题,提出了一种基于随机集理论的非数据关联的多机动目标跟踪算法.该算法将高斯混合概率假设密度(GMPHD)滤波与"当前"统计模型的优点相结合,绕过了棘手的数据关联问题,能高效处理目标数较大的机动跟踪问题.在漏检、虚警、多机动目标交叉杂波复杂环境下进行了仿真实验,结果表明,该算法具有较高的跟踪精度和稳健的跟踪性能.     

边云协同计算下基于ST-GCN的监控视频行为识别机制

智慧城市的迅速发展为人们的日常生活带来了极大的便捷，其中视频监控系统越来越智能化是信息技术逐渐成熟的必然结果 .人体行为识别是智能安防监控领域的重要任务之一，但大量的边缘监控设备产生了井喷式图像视频数据，传统单一的云计算模式已无法全面有效地应对海量数据的计算与处理.提出一种大数据驱动下采用边云协同计算的人体行为识别机制，将以往中心化的计算扩展为边缘、云端协同处理.首先，在边缘节点N0对视频进行相似帧去除的预处理并对提取的骨架序列进行多层次表示，然后云端对时空图卷积神经网络（Spatial Temporal Graph ConvNet,STGCN）模型进行训练并将其部署至边缘节点N1～Nm，边缘节点使用训练好的模型完成行为识别任务并将结果上传至云端进行融合得出最终行为类别.实验结果证明，所提方案能有效减少以往中心化计算的网络传输量及云端存储压力问题，且边云协同的优势使得模型识别的准确率稳定提升了2.2%以上.     

基于张量黎曼度量的序列图像匹配光流场计算方法

使用序列图像的灰度-时空张量描述子来描述图像特征,并在此基础上提出了一种基于张量黎曼度量的序列图像匹配光流场计算方法. 该方法使用张量的黎曼度量给出序列图像特征描述子间距离的定义,并使用改进的Hausdorff距离取代欧式距离来完成黎曼度量的计算,据此构造序列图像匹配相关函数,以提高图像在噪声及遮挡情况下的匹配能力;在上述基础上,给出匹配光流场算法. 仿真结果显示,该算法相对于传统基于微分的光流场计算方法（H-S算法,L-K算法）和传统的基于灰度的块匹配算法在计算精度、抗噪声等方面更有优势.      

人脸识别视频压缩感知跟踪算法

针对视频监控中移动的人脸图像光照强度不同、遮挡、快速变化等问题,本文提出一种人脸识别视频压缩感知跟踪算法.利用图像尖锐化处理突出目标图像边缘纹理,再利用矩形滤波器对人脸图像归一化处理并获取特征向量.通过压缩感知算法对目标样本和背景样本的Haar-like特征压缩,建立目标模型,训练Adaboost算法的贝叶斯级联分类器.最后根据人脸特征区分目标和背景图像,实现目标人脸图像的动态跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法能够实现视频中人脸图像移动、遮挡及光照强度不均匀、快速变化等情况下的有效跟踪.     

基于改进Hough变换的刀具磨损状态监测

针对传统Hough变换的参数空间所需存储量大、运算量大、不利于实现实时监测等缺点,提出了一种基于随机Hough变换的改进Hough变换算法,并将该方法用于工件表面纹理图像的处理,通过对工件表面的二值边缘图像进行改进Hough变换,提取直线段平均长度及直线段与切削速度方向的夹角作为特征参数,实现对刀具磨损状态的判断.算法分析和实验结果表明,该算法所需存储空间少,计算量小;提取的特征参数与刀具磨损状态之间存在密切联系,根据特征参数的变化规律可实现对刀具磨损状态的监测.     

基于多尺度局部对比度和限邻域经验模式分解的遥感图像融合方法

传统二维EMD（empirical mode decomposition）算法在估算图像的均值包络面时易出现＂过冲＂现象,这使得分解的内蕴模式函数中会出现＂灰斑＂.针对这个问题,改进一种NLEMD（neighborhood limited empirical mode decomposition）算法.它基于局部均值平稳特性的方法估算图像的最佳局部均值,进而得到图像的均值包络面.该算法在克服了传统二维EMD算法的＂过冲＂现象的同时降低了时间复杂度.结合人类视觉系统对局部对比度敏感这一特性,提出一种基于多尺度局部对比度和NLEMD的遥感图像融合算法.该算法以NLEMD分解的内蕴模式函数的多尺度局部对比度为指导,对图像的内蕴模式函数进行融合处理.仿真实验表明：该融合算法能更清晰地反映融合图像中的复杂细节信息,提高了图像融合的质量.     

基于敏感度的H.264视频容错编码算法

针对视频图像传输中数据丢失和误码而导致的图像质量下降问题,结合灵活宏块排序（FMO）技术和冗余编码的优缺点,提出了一种基于错误敏感度的H.264冗余片编码算法。该算法首先确定运动敏感区域中的错误敏感宏块,然后利用 FMO 自定义模式进行冗余编码。仿真测试结果表明,该算法能够有效提高视频码流的抗误码能力,重构图像的主观和客观质量有明显提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to