Si-Cu合金精炼与造渣精炼去除冶金级硅中金属杂质

采用Si-Cu合金精炼与CaO-SiO_2-CaCl_2造渣精炼相结合的方法对冶金级硅进行精炼,通过多种分析方法考察了合金造渣过程、渣剂添加剂和合金成分对金属杂质Fe、Al和Ca去除效果的影响.结果表明,提高Si-Cu合金中Cu的质量分数可以有效增加Cu_3Si相在Si中的含量,造渣精炼过程会影响Si-Cu合金的相转变,造渣后金属杂质Fe和Ca聚集在Si-Cu合金的Cu_3Si相中.在渣剂中添加CaCl_2助溶剂可降低渣剂黏度以促进传质过程,从而有效提高金属杂质Fe、Al和Ca的去除率.此外,随着Si-Cu合金中Cu质量分数的增加,造渣后合金相中Cu的析出现象明显,Fe的去除率上升,Ca的去除率下降,而Al的去除率不变.当Si-30%Cu合金与CaO-SiO_2-CaCl_2(质量比9∶9∶2)渣剂进行精炼后,Fe、Al和Ca的去除率分别为68%,94%和86%.     

电弧等离子体冶炼提纯工业硅(英文)

开发了一种把电弧等离子体冶炼和电磁感应搅拌熔体相联合的在高纯石墨坩埚内冶炼提纯工业硅的硅冶炼提纯技术.掺入到电弧等离子体工作气体流中的反应性气体在硅熔体液面处与杂质反应生成挥发性杂质化合物.工业硅中难去除的杂质是B,P和Al.用由水蒸气构成的反应性气体精炼熔融态工业硅来降低其中B和P的含量,随后定向凝固移除其他杂质.用此方法冶炼处理工业硅,其中的B,P,Al,Fe,Ti,Ca和Cu的含量从7.67,73,1931,2845,166,235和56mg/kg分别降低到5.85,29,202,676,36,89和9mg/kg.硅的纯度由原来的99.46%提纯高到99.93%.     

304奥氏体不锈钢夹杂物的冶金行为

根据热力学计算,结合生产过程实际,研究了Si脱氧条件下304奥氏体不锈钢在LF精炼、连铸过程夹杂物的变化规律.结果表明,钢水中主要形成CaO-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂物,钢水中Al含量随Si含量的降低逐渐减小.当精炼渣碱度R=1.5时,随精炼、连铸过程的进行,复合夹杂物中Al2O3含量逐渐减少,CaO,SiO2含量逐渐增加.终点铸坯夹杂物成分为30%～35%CaO,20%～27%Al2O3,25%～30%SiO2,其他成分含量较少.终点铸坯夹杂物略显碱性,变形能力稍弱.     

气瓶钢精炼过程中的MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物

研究了EAF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼气瓶钢30CrMo时精炼过程中含MgO.Al2O3夹杂物的生成和转化,对夹杂物进行了三维分析观察.研究结果表明:LF精炼30min后夹杂物中Mg含量减小,Ca含量增加,MgO.Al2O3夹杂物消失.LF精炼后期Mg含量变化不大,Ca含量减小,未出现MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;VD精炼过程中夹杂物中的Mg含量增加,Ca含量变化不大,重新生成了MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;精炼过程中MgO.Al2O3夹杂物可以向复合夹杂物转变的,但为防止精炼后期MgO.Al2O3夹杂物重新生成必须保证钢液中具有一定的钙含量.     

石油钻杆钢冶炼过程中夹杂物的析出和衍变

系统分析了国内某钢厂复合脱氧工艺下Cr Mo石油钻杆钢夹杂物在EAF-LF-VD-CC流程中的析晶和衍变规律.由于铝酸盐的上浮,LF冶炼前钢中T[O]含量较低,冶炼过程中氮含量逐渐升高.电镜下钢中大尺寸夹杂物(50μm左右)只出现在LF-VD阶段,主要为低熔点的硅锰酸盐、包含Na2O的混合物和含有少量Ca O的镁铝尖晶石,中间包阶段大尺寸夹杂物完全消失.小尺寸夹杂物(<10μm)出现在精炼全过程中,主要成分是Mg、Al、Si和Ca的复合氧化物、Ca S以及二者的复合物,LF冶炼前到中间包阶段小尺寸夹杂物粒径相似,铸坯中其粒径稍微增加.随着精炼过程的进行,钢中小尺寸夹杂物的成分逐渐向复合氧化物的低熔点区域转移,夹杂物中Ca O和Mg O含量存在竞争关系.铸坯中大型夹杂物(>100μm)包括卷渣引起的复合夹杂,耐材剥落产生的Mg O-Ca O夹杂和钢液内生的铝酸盐夹杂.内生铝酸盐与精炼过程中小尺寸夹杂物成分相似,外层包覆Ca S,轧制过程中容易破碎成链状引发钻杆钢裂纹.建议适当延长VD处理后钢液的镇静时间,以去除钢中大型铝酸盐夹杂,提高钻杆钢质量.     

广东“南澳Ⅰ号”明代沉船出水酱釉刻纹陶片分析研究

"南澳Ⅰ号"沉船位于广东汕头市南澳县南澳屿与半潮礁之间海域,是一艘明万历年间商船(1573-1620 A.D.),2007年发现并于2009年开始打捞,共出水文物近3万件,以瓷器为主,陶器数量位居第二.该文利用体视显微镜(Stereo Microscopy)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman Microscopy)、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪(SEM-EDX)等仪器,分析了一件"南澳Ⅰ号"沉船出水酱釉刻纹彩绘陶片.分析结果表明,该陶片样品有内、外釉料层,显色元素主要为Fe与Mn.外层釉料中新发现了多种析晶,主要成分为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8),辉石(Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Al,Si)2O6),钙铝榴石(Ca3Al2Si3O12).高硅低铝型陶胎中SiO2含量为61.0%~63.9%,Al2O3含量为25.0%~27.2%,陶胎中夹杂有一定量的KAlSi3O8,Fe2O3,TiO2,SiO2等颗粒.     

精炼渣成分与轴承钢夹杂物类型关系热力学分析

针对轴承钢中钙铝酸盐大型夹杂物的控制问题,通过计算GCr15轴承钢中尖晶石MgO·Al2 O3、钙的铝酸盐CaO·6Al2 O3夹杂物生成热力学,分析精炼渣成分与夹杂物类型之间的定量关系.结果表明：当钢水中含有质量分数0.10×10-6的溶解钙[Ca]时,只要溶解镁[Mg]质量分数小于10×10-6,MgO·Al2O3就会被[Ca]还原成 CaO·6Al2O3;当精炼渣碱度为7.04,(MgO)质量分数为1.38%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低56%,夹杂物以尺寸大于10μm的CaO-Al2O3系复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣碱度为3.75,(MgO)质量分数3.14%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低14%,夹杂物以尺寸小于8μm的MnS包裹MgO·Al2 O3复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣钙铝比C/A为1.8~2.0时,控制精炼渣碱度R为4.5~5.5,(MgO)质量分数为3%~5%,即能使钢中MgO·Al2O3保持稳定而不转变为CaO·6Al2O3.     

50Cr5MoV钢中非金属夹杂物行为

对采用"EBT→LF→VD"工艺路线生产50Cr5Mo V锻钢轧辊炼钢过程全氧和夹杂物进行了分析.结果表明:LF精炼后钢液中ω(T[O])平均为47×10-6,VD出站为14×10-6,中间包为15.5×10-6,铸坯为18×10-6.LF精炼初期,钢中夹杂物主要是不规则的Al2O3夹杂,96.75%的夹杂物尺寸小于10μm.LF精炼后,大量夹杂物为Ca O-Al2O3-Si O为主要成分的0~10μm复合氧化物夹杂.钢水向中间包转移过程中保护性浇注不理想,二次氧化严重导致钢水夹杂逐渐增多,主要为球形m Ca O·n Al2O3的复合夹杂物.铸坯中99.81%的夹杂物尺寸小于10μm,其中大部分为球形钙铝酸盐夹杂,还有少量球状硅铝酸钙复合夹杂.全过程的工艺优化是控制夹杂物(主要是氧化物)的合理途径,可确保实现50Cr5Mo V合金铸钢的冶炼.     

帘线钢夹杂物成分控制的最小自由能变化模型

应用共存理论和规划理论,以夹杂物与钢水化学反应自由能变化值最小化为目标,建立了夹杂物成分与结晶器钢水成分之间关系的数学模型.经验证,在夹杂物为液态的情况下,模型计算结果与实测结果相符合.利用模型计算了[Ca]、[Al]含量对夹杂物成分的影响.结果表明,为将CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系夹杂物控制在塑性区,结晶器中钢水[Al]含量应根据[Ca]含量的变化而变化.当[Ca]的质量分数为5×10-6时,应控制钢水中[Al]的质量分数在12×10-6左右.     

Mn对喷射沉积Al-25Si-xFe-yMn合金中Fe相的影响

通过喷射沉积工艺制备了Al-25Si-xFe-yMn(Mn/Fe质量比在0～1之间)系列合金的沉积坯,利用SEM、XRD和EDX对这些沉积坯的微观组织进行分析.结果表明,添加Mn元素,将生成颗粒状的α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2,取代了针状的δ-Al4FeSi2和β-Al5FeSi相,从而显著地改善高硅铝合金中的Fe相的形貌,并且随着Mn/Fe质量比的提高,沉积坯中颗粒状的α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2含量也增加,而针状相的含量却减少,当Mn/Fe质量比增加到0.83或1时,在沉积坯中只发现颗粒状的α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2.     

Boron separation from Si-Sn alloy by slag treatment

This study investigates a purification process for metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si) in which Si is alloyed with tin (Sn) and CaO-SiO₂-CaCl₂ slag is used to remove boron (B) impurity. Acid leaching was performed to remove the Sn phase after slag refining to recover high-purity Si from the Si-Sn alloy. The effect of refining time was investigated, and acceptable refining results were realized within 15 min. The effects of slag composition and Sn content on the removal of B were also studied. The results indicate that increasing Sn content favors B removal. With the increase of Sn to 50% of the alloy, the final B content decreased to 1.1×10-4wt%, 93.9% removal efficiency.     

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting (HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting (HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17Si-1Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al₅FeSi phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al₅FeSi phase, the HPSC Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase was formed in the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner.     

Influence of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

Foamed glass-ceramics doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) were successfully prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag by one-step sintering. The influence of CeO₂ addition (1.5wt%–3.5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. Results show that CeO₂ improves the stability of the glass phase and changes the two-dimensional crystallization mechanism into three-dimensional one. XRD analysis indicates the presence of Ca(Mg, Fe)Si₂O₆ and Ca(Ti, Mg, Al)(Si, Al)₂O₆ in all sintered samples. Added with CeO₂, TiCeO₄ precipitates, and crystallinity increases, leading to increased thickness of pore walls and uniform pores. The comprehensive properties of foamed glass-ceramics are better than that of samples without CeO₂. In particular, the sample added with a suitable amount of CeO₂ (2.5wt%) exhibits bulk density that is similar to and compressive strength (14.9 MPa) that is more than twice of foamed glass-ceramics without CeO₂.     

几种6000系汽车板铝合金的结晶相

通过扫描电镜/能谱、X射线衍射以及金相分析,针对几种6000系汽车板铝合金,研究了不同的合金成分对结晶相的影响.结果表明,合金铸造时形成的结晶相为Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3,Al8(FeMnCr)2Si,Al5(FeMnCr)Si,Al4(MnFeCr)3Si2,Al5(MnFeCr)12Si7以及Mg2Si.随Mg/Si,Mg/Cu质量比及Mn含量的增大,Mg2Si和Al(FeMnCr)Si/Al(MnFeCr)Si型结晶相数量增多.均匀化时,除发生Al5(FeMnCr)Si向Al8(FeMnCr)2Si相的转变外,其他结晶相的类型不变.在随后的固溶处理和时效过程中,结晶相不再发生变...     

表面喷丸硅钢的低温渗硅与参数的影响

为了用表面纳米化简化硅钢渗硅工艺及确定渗硅参数的影响,对硅钢进行了喷丸和固体粉末渗硅,用透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等测试组织、物相和成分.结果表明:硅钢经过喷丸后,表面形成了具有随机取向的纳米晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为10 nm.在硅粉+卤化物中,喷丸样品于550℃即可实现固体渗硅.提高渗硅温度和在较高的温度下延长保温时间均能显著地增加渗硅层厚度,而卤化物含量的影响不大.经过固体渗硅后,渗硅层由Fe Si和Fe3Si两相组成,其中较高的温度和卤化物含量易得Fe Si相,而较低的温度和卤化物含量易得Fe3Si相.     

Effect of Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy prepared by squeeze-casting

The effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the eutectic Si, β-Al₅FeSi phase, and the tensile properties of A380 alloy specimens prepared by squeeze-casting were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that Ce more effectively modified the eutectic Si and refined the β-Al₅FeSi. The refinement effect significantly increased under a specific pressure of 100 MPa with the addition of Ce from 0.1wt% to 0.9wt%. In contrast, the average length and the aspect ratio of the eutectic Si and β-Al₅FeSi exhibited their optimal values when the content of the added Ce was greater than 0.5wt%. Needle-like Al8Cu4Ce was precipitated with the addition of excessive Ce; hence, the mechanical properties of A380 gradually decreased with increasing Ce content in the range from 0.3wt% to 0.9wt%.     

V-Ti-Fe中间合金的精炼工艺

以金属热还原法制备的V-Ti-Fe中间合金为原料,采用喷吹造渣的方式对其进行精炼研究,实验考察了渣系组成和精炼温度对精炼效果的影响.结果表明:渣体中m(CaF2)/m(CaO)值为3.0,TiO2用量为总渣量的10%,用渣量为合金用量的35%,精炼温度为1 600℃时,精炼效果较好;精炼后合金中的Al质量分数由7.11%降到了2.61%,合金中的Si质量分数变化较小,仅由1.25%降到了0.97%.XRD和SEM分析表明,精炼后合金中没有出现氧化物相,精炼有效地去除了合金中的氧化物夹杂,降低了合金的成分偏析.     

用锌焙砂中浸渣制备锰锌铁氧体共沉淀粉

以湿法炼锌过程中的中浸渣和挥发窑渣为原料,经浸出、还原、净化和共沉淀等过程制备软磁铁氧体所需的锰锌铁氧体共沉淀粉料.确定浸出工艺条件、硫化沉淀和氟化沉淀工艺条件.实验结果表明,中浸渣的最佳浸出工艺条件如下:温度为90～95℃,搅拌速度为200 r/min,硫酸用量为理论用量的1.15倍,时间为2.5 h,液固比为4:1;制得的共沉淀粉料中铁、锰和锌的平均含量比例与理论配方较符合,尤其是共沉淀粉料中各杂质元素含量很低,各杂质成分含量分别为Ca 0.018 0%,Mg 0.008 5%,Si 0.003 8%,A1 0.007 8%,Ni 0.017 0%,Pb0.001 2%,Cu 0.003 3%,Cr 0.002 8%及Cd 0.000 2%,达到锰锌软磁铁氧体材料对粉料的要求.     

粉末烧结法合成FeSi_2合金的反应机理研究

对于按Si∶Fe=2∶1充分混合均匀的Fe-Si粉体,在传统粉末烧结FeSi2合金的过程中,随着温度升高,在690℃附近,首先发生的反应是:Fe+Si=FeSi,在850℃附近,发生的是FeSi和Si反应生成α相FeSi2.常规的固相烧结和激光烧结两种制备方法均证实:由高温向低温冷却的过程中α相的FeSi2均没有完成向β相的转变;在1 200℃附近Fe-Si处于液相状态时,Fe+2Si=FeSi2的反应是优先进行的;激光烧结可以直接生产α-FeSi2.