N－（p－甲苯基）－3－羟基－2－乙基－4（1H）－吡啶酮的合成和晶体结构

本文报道了由乙基麦芽酚（ｅｔｈｙｌｍａｌｔｏｌ，３－羟基－２－乙基－４（Ｈ）－吡喃酮）和对甲苯胺合成标题化合物，并进行了元素分析，ＵＶ，ＩＲ，ＭＳ，１ＨＮＭＲ表征和Ｘ射线单晶结构分析．该晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２１／ｎ．ａ＝０．７０３５（１），ｂ＝１．８６１５（７），ｃ＝１．８２９６（２）ｎｍ，β＝９９．８１°，Ｚ＝８，Ｖ＝２．４５２６（１０）ｎｍ３，Ｄｃ＝１．２４２ｍｇ／ｍ３．该晶体中存在着分子间氢键．     

复合型POM：3，5－DNBA的晶体结构

３－甲基－４－硝基吡啶－１－氧（ＰＯＭ）与３，５－二硝基苯甲酸（３，５－ＤＮＢＡ）的复合型晶体从乙醇与丙酮的混合溶液中培养获得，其组成为１：１，己被元素分析和ｘ射线衍射实验所证实；其熔点由ＤＳＣ热分析测得，为１２２．６℃。该晶体化合物属单斜晶系，空间群为Ｐ２１／ｎ，单胞参数为：ａ＝０．９５５３（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．５７７５（４）ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．７９６２（４）ｎｍ，β＝９９．０３（１）°，ｖ＝１．５２４（１）ｎｍ３，ｚ＝４，Ｄｃ＝１．６０ｇ／ｃｍ３，λ（Ｍｏｋα）＝０．０７１０７３ｎｍ，μ＝１．２９ｃｍ－１，Ｆ（０００）＝７５２，最终Ｒ＝０．０５１，Ｒｗ＝０．１６５［ｗ＝１／σ２（Ｆ）］，其中１８０２个可观察衍射点参与结构计算，复合型分子中存在一个氢键。     

L－酪氨酸高氯酸盐的晶体结构

在水溶液中制备了标题化合物Ｌ－酪氨酸ＨＣｌＯ４，并用Ｘ射线单晶衍射仪测定了其晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系，Ｐ２１空间群。晶胞参数：ａ＝０．５３３５（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．９８１７（２）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．２０００（３）ｎｍ，β＝９４．７９（２）°，Ｖ＝０．６２６３（３）ｎｍ３，Ｚ＝２，Ｄｃ＝１．４９４ｇ／ｃｍ３     

水杨叉乙二胺Schiff碱（SEDA）铜配合物的单晶结构

合成标题化合物［（ｓｅｄａ）Ｃｕ］·ＥｔＯＨ,并得到单晶［ｓｅｄａ＝Ｎ,Ｎ′－二水杨叉基－１,２－二－（４－甲氧基苯基）乙二胺］．Ｘ－衍射结构分析表明,晶体属正交晶系,空间群Ｐｂｃａ,晶体学数据：ａ＝２．０１１５（４）ｎｍ,ｂ＝１．３１９６（３）ｎｍ,ｃ＝２．１０５７（４）ｎｍ,晶胞体积Ｖ＝５．５８９（３）ｎｍ３,分子量５８８．１６,Ｚ＝８,Ｄｘ＝１．３９８ｇ／ｃｍ３,μ＝８．２３９ｃｍ－１,Ｆ（０００）＝２４６５,最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０７９,Ｒｗ＝０．０８３,（Δ／σ）ｍａｘ＝０．６８．结构分析表明,配体中二个偶氮甲碱中氮原子和二个酚氧原子与中心Ｃｕ原子配位,形成规则的菱形平面结构．     

对甲苯基双(4,4-二甲基-6-羟基环己烯-1-酮-2基)甲烷的合成

对甲苯基双（４,４－二甲基－６－羟基环己烯－１－酮－２基）甲烷由对甲苯甲醛与５,５－二甲基－１,３－环己二酮在Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺中反应而得．通过单晶Ｘ射线衍射法确定其晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群Ｐ２１／ａ,ａ＝０．９３０４（２）ｎｍ,ｂ＝１．１７５４（２）ｎｍ,ｃ＝２．０１３４（４）ｎｍ,β＝１０２．４０（２）°,Ｍｒ＝３８２．５０,Ｖ＝２．１５０５（７）ｎｍ３,Ｄｃ＝１．１８１ｇ／ｃｍ３,Ｚ＝４,μ（ＭｏＫα）＝０．７９ｃｍ－１,Ｆ（０００）＝８５６．晶体结构用直接法解出,使用全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正,最后的偏离因子为Ｒ＝０．０４２,ＲＷ＝０．０４５．在晶体结构中,存在两个共轭的烯醇式结构．     

N-(4-硝基苯)-(L)-脯氨醇的晶体结构

Ｎ－（４－硝基苯）－（Ｌ）－脯氨醇晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为Ｐ２１，单胞参数为：ａ＝０．５２４３（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．４８６０（６）ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７１６６（１）ｎｍ，β＝１０５．１６（１）°ｖ＝０．５３８８４（ｎｍ）～３，Ｚ＝２，Ｄｃ＝１．３７０ｇ·ｃｍ～（－３），Ｆ（０００）＝２３６，μ＝０．９ｃｍ～（－１）在ＡＦＣ—５Ｒ四圆衍射仪上用ＭｏＫα射线，收集了０＜２θ＜５５．ｌ°的独立衍射点１４５７个．晶体结构 利用Ｍｕｌｔａｎ程序找出大多数非氢原子的初始坐标．后由差值Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ合成找出其它非氢原子坐 标．经全矩阵最小二乘精修，最终偏离因子为Ｒ＝０．０６０，Ｒｗ＝０．０５６．     

氮氧方酸酯的制备及氮氧方酸环己基酯的晶体结构

氧方酸二酯在较低温度下的选择性氨解是制备氮氧方酸酯（３－氨基－４－烃氧基－３－环丁烯二酮）的一般方法。制得了８个相应的化合物３ａ￣３ｆ，４ａ，４ｂ．测定了氮氧方酸环己基酯（３－氨基－４－环己氧基－３－环丁烯二酮）的晶体结构。其晶体学数据如下：单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２１／ｂｂ，ａ＝９．７３５４，ｂ＝２１．０３５０，ｃ＝９．７７９９ｎｍ，β＝９０℃，ｚ＝４，Ｄｃ＝１．２９５，Ｒ１＝０．０３２６０，Ｒｗ＝０     

双N－氧化吡啶－2－甲醛缩丙二胺合锌配合物的合成、晶体结构和分子结构

本文报道了双Ｎ－氧化吡啶－２－甲醛缩丙二胺合锌配合物的合成、晶体结构和分子结沟．化合物晶体为正交晶系，空间群Ｐ＿ｎａｍ；晶胞参数ａ＝０．７１４５（８）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．３７１６（７）ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．２５２７（６）ｎｍ，Ｚ＝４．结构参数经块矩阵最小二乘法精修后，最终一致性因子Ｒ＝０．０７８，Ｒ＿Ｗ＝０．０７１．采用ＥＨＭＯ方法分析了配合物的电子结构和分子轨道，阐明了红外光谱中Ｃ＝Ｎ扣Ｎ一Ｏ振动峰的移动和配合物的成键特性．     

双核铜配合物［Cu＿2（CH＿3COO）＿2C＿5H＿5NO］＿2的合成和晶体结构

以２－羟基吡啶为配体，合成了标题配合物，测定了其晶体结构。结果表明：晶体属单斜晶系Ｃ２／ｃ空间群。晶胞参数：ａ＝１．３７３５（５）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．８６８７（３）ｎｍ，ｃ＝：１．８６３０（９）ｎｍ，β＝９３．７３（４）°，ｖ＝２．２１８１（１６）ｎｍ￣３，Ｚ＝４．结构用直接法解出。最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０５１。Ｃｕ－Ｃｕ间距离为０．２６３ｎｍ。     

(4S,5S)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4-二甲基-5-苯基口恶唑烷的合成和晶体结构的研究

对标题化合物进行合成，并对其进行了光谱学表征和晶体结构测定．元素分析、ＩＲ、Ｈ１ＮＭＲ推测结构和所测晶体结构相吻合．晶体结构测定证实该化合物属正交晶系．空间群为Ｐ２１２１２１，晶胞参数为ａ＝０．６１３３（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．８８７３（４）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．４１９６（４）ｎｍ，ｖ＝１．６４３３ｎｍ３，Ｆｗ＝２８３．３７和Ｚ＝４．计算得Ｄｃ＝１．１４５ｇ／ｃｍ３，结构的偏离因子为Ｒ＝０．０６０，Ｒｗ＝０．０５２．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the