交叉角焊缝的有限元模拟分析

采用HyperMesh对模型进行网格划分,利用生死单元法实现了对实际焊接过程的数值模拟,对不同方向焊缝的半封闭式箱型结构的进行了焊接温度和残余应力的数值模拟。模拟结果表明,焊接过程中峰值温度区间位于2 050～2 150℃之间;每道焊缝焊接完成后残余应力都会发生变化,第一道焊缝焊接完成后,残余应力最大为316.7 MPa;第二道焊缝焊接完成后,残余应力最大为281.7 MPa;第三道焊缝焊接完成并经过装夹释放后,云图中残余应力基本呈对称分布,且残余应力最大值为367 MPa,位于三条焊缝交叉处。     

激光相变热处理对TC４电子束焊缝残余应力的影响

利用CO２激光相变热处理技术对TC４钛合金电子束焊缝进行了处理,研究了激光功率、光斑直径、 辅助气体等激光工艺参数对电子束焊缝残余应力分布的影响。实验结果表明,激光相变热处理改善了焊缝残余 应力的分布,使焊缝表面残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力,其压应力值随着激光功率的增加而增大,随着激光 光斑直径的减小而增加;辅助气体为O２时残余压应力值比辅助气体为N２大３０～４０MPa,激光相变热处理显著 提高了TC４钛合金电子束焊缝的残余压应力及其使用寿命。     

微旋转结构法测量Al薄膜的残余应力

薄膜的残余应力是影响MEMS器件工作可靠性和稳定性的重要因素,微旋转结构法能够简单有效地测量薄膜的残余应力.文中采用MEMS工艺制作Al薄膜微旋转结构,根据微旋转结构法对m薄膜的残余应力进行了测量和计算.实验结果表明,溅射Al膜的残余应力为张应力,大小在80～110 GPa之间.对Al薄膜悬梁进行静电驱动,其驱动电压为31 ～34 V,与根据Al膜残余应力的测量值所计算出的驱动电压基本吻合.     

残余奥氏体对高铬白口铸铁磨料磨损特性的影响

本文通过改变高铬白口铸铁(15Cr-2Mo-1Cu)的热处理工艺,得到一系列残余奥氏体数量在0～60％范围内变化的基体组织;考察了残余奥氏体对低应力、高应力和有冲击载荷存在的动载磨料磨损特性的影响;运用X射线新方法测定了各种磨损后残余奥氏体诱发马氏体转变的数量、层深及分布梯度.研究结果表明:残余奥氏体对耐磨性的影响与磨损系统和残余奥氏体的稳定性有关.     

HG785高强钢焊接残余应力试验研究

利用X-射线法对HG785高强度钢焊接残余应力进行了测试,得到了该材料焊后残余应力的大小及分布规律;并探索了不同深度方向焊接残余应力分布特点。通过试验发现经对接施焊后,表面残余应力主要表现为残余拉应力,最大幅值可达760.4 MPa,为试验件材料屈服强度的92.2%,几乎接近屈服强度。试验结果表明,内部残余应力较表面应力有所降低,在焊缝中心的残余应力值降幅较小;而在远离焊缝中心区域的应力值降幅明显,部分区域甚至出现了残余压应力。     

拉伸装夹改变铣削表面残余应力的机理

基于平面应变的热弹塑性理论,分析了拉伸装夹铣削过程中应力应变的变化过程,推导了装夹初始应变和最终铣削残余应力之间的关系,并提出了一个应变叠加模型,认为如果拉伸装夹产生正的初始弹性应变,就会使残余压应力增大,否则会使残余压应力减小.开展了TC4钛合金的拉伸装夹铣削试验,铣削速度为38～566m/min,拉伸装夹产生的初始应变为0～0.003.铣削完成后,分别测量了在铣削面内与拉伸装夹方向呈0°,30°,90°和120°角的4个方向上的残余应力.试验结果表明,4个测量方向上拉伸装夹引起的残余应力变化量和产生的初始弹性应变是一致的.说明所提出的应变叠加模型是正确的.     

钢桥面板顶板与U肋接头焊接残余应力分析

对钢桥面板顶板与U肋接头焊接残余应力进行分析。采用热-结构直接耦合方法,分析了构件焊接温度场及应力场,得到构件中心截面母板纵向、母板横向、U肋纵向及焊缝中心竖向的残余应力分布曲线。结果表明:母板及U肋近焊缝区存在较大的残余拉应力,残余拉应力峰值接近材料屈服强度;自焊缝中心往外,残余拉应力值下降并转变为压应力;热影响区之外,母板及U肋纵向残余应力主要表现为压应力,并向两端缓慢下降;母板横向残余应力主要表现为拉应力,近焊缝区存在应力突变;沿焊缝竖向纵、横向应力变化趋势基本相同。     

用局部逐层去除法测量厚壁圆筒的内部残余应力

采用局部逐层去除法对厚壁圆筒热处理后的残余应力进行测量,拟合得到了圆筒轴向和环向残余应力的分布规律。结果表明,局部逐层去除法能有效地得到厚壁圆筒热处理后内部残余应力的大小及分布;厚壁圆筒热处理后的轴向残余应力在焊缝区域为压应力,内、外表面距离焊缝较远的区域为拉应力,且拉应力的最高值出现在厚壁圆筒接头的外表面热影响区附近,内部为压应力;厚壁圆筒热处理后环向残余应力在焊缝区域为拉应力,峰值出现在圆筒内部靠近内表面一侧,焊缝周围的母材区域为压应力。经过焊后热处理,厚壁圆筒的残余应力总体水平相对较低,环向残余应力和轴向残余应力均降至100MPa以下。     

打孔管道焊接修复结构的残余应力测试

输油管道上的打孔盗油案件时有发生.对被打孔的管道,只能采用焊接方法抢修,而焊接产生的残余应力影响管道承压能力和剩余寿命.为了解管道修复中焊接残余应力对管道完整性的影响,用钻孔法分别测试了打孔管道的不同焊接修复结构的残余应力,并和管道螺旋焊缝处的残余应力进行了对比.测试结果表明,焊缝近处存在残余应力,且距焊缝越近,残余应力越大.管道修复结构中的残余应力的第一主应力多为拉应力,其最大值为管材屈服极限的70.94%;管道螺旋焊缝处的残余应力的第二主应力为压应力,其最大值约为管材屈服极限的74.66%.同时在焊接接管的根部存在较大的残余应力.     

激光诱导残余应力的试验

对激光诱导残余应力的机理进行了分析研究.用波长1.06μm、脉宽23 ns、功率密度108~109W/cm2的脉冲激光冲击外形尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×5.5 mm的LY12CZ试样,研究了激光能量密度和冲击次数对残余应力分布的影响,并将激光诱导的残余应力与传统的机械喷丸形成的残余应力进行比较.结果表明:残余压应力随着激光能量密度的加大而加大,残余压应力层的深度随着冲击次数的增加而增加,激光诱导的残余压应力层的深度是传统机械喷丸形成的3~4倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.