分层多尺度决策信息系统的序贯三支决策

传统信息系统中每个属性只有一个尺度,但随着海量数据的涌现,实际应用中经常是在多个尺度上处理和分析问题.三支决策是解决分类问题的一种经典方法,序贯三支决策是在三支决策的基础上进行多步决策的一种方法 .将多尺度决策信息系统与三支决策相结合,基于决策理论粗糙集提出分层多尺度决策信息系统的序贯三支决策模型,得到动态变化的正域、负域、边界域.对多尺度决策信息系统进行分层,依次在分层后得到的多个单尺度决策信息系统上进行讨论,构建尺度层面的序贯结构;在每个单尺度决策信息系统上,通过增加属性的方式得到属性子集序列,诱导出多级粒度结构,构建该尺度下粒度层面的序贯结构.为此,给出两种属性子集序列的选择方法;在序贯三支决策过程中,利用相对损失函数计算阈值,并讨论了阈值的性质;最后给出序贯三支决策过程中的分类规则,并用实例说明提出的模型能有效地处理分类问题.     

基于三支决策的医院分级诊疗决策研究

人口众多与医疗资源不均衡加剧了看病难问题,分级诊疗是我国医疗改革的重要举措之一.通过引入三支决策理论,将分级诊疗分为就诊、住院观察和转院3个决策类型,在考虑患者分诊风险的基础上,利用贝叶斯理论求得决策阈值,从而给出了分级诊疗的定量决策方法,通过实例验证了三支决策在分级诊疗决策研究中的可行性.     

基于三支决策的形式概念分析、粗糙集与粒计算

三支决策是一种用"三"来思考、解决问题和处理信息的方法,即把待解决的问题分解为三个元素或者三个部分,进而再行处理。形式概念分析、粗糙集以及粒计算是当今知识发现领域中三个重要的理论。我们用三支决策的观点解释和分析形式概念分析、粗糙集以及粒计算中的基本概念、理论,并剖析它们之间的联系。     

双论域模糊概率三支决策模型及其应用

双论域信息系统下的模糊概率粗糙集是粗糙集理论的一个重要拓展模型，然而，该模型目前还未有三支决策方面的相关研究。针对这一问题，提出一种双论域信息系统下的模糊概率三支决策模型。文中首先在双论域模糊概率粗糙集基础上定义了决策动作和决策代价的概念，然后以贝叶斯决策最小化代价为基础，推导出了双论域模糊概率关系下决策区域的三元划分，即三支决策模型，最后提出了双论域信息系统的模糊概率三支决策分类算法。实验分析证明了所提出的三支决策分类算法在双论域信息系统上的有效性和优越性。     

扩展的三支决策理论

三支决策理论只能将决策对象划分到接受域、拒绝域和边界域3类,不能处理把决策对象划分为更多类的情况,因此,立足于传统的三支决策理论,对其进行推广,提出扩展的三支决策理论,结合贝叶斯理论,以决策的平均损失最小为原则,给出扩展的三支决策理论详细推导过程,使经典的三支决策理论成为特例.     

三支概念分析研究现状与展望

三支概念分析是三支决策理论与形式概念分析相结合产生的一种用于知识发现的理论。该文简述了形式概念分析的优劣势与三支决策理论的意义,以此为基础阐述了三支概念分析产生的思想,从理论研究与应用两个角度梳理了有关三支概念分析的研究成果,对三支概念分析未来的研究方向与趋势进行了展望。     

基于风险最小化的多粒度三支决策模型

为减小传统的二支决策中直接接受或拒绝决策带来的决策风险,分析问题决策的多粒度空间,研究了基于风险最小化的多粒度三支决策模型.在三支决策风险代价分析基础上,为寻求最优的粒度空间,结合不同属性特征在粒度空间中具有不同决策权重的特点,以粒化重要度和粒化决策权重为启发式信息,从多个不同的粒度层次出发,寻求风险最小的决策行动.最后针对不承诺选项中一些急需决策的现实问题,给出了基于风险控制的二支决策转化方法,并进行了具体的实例应用.     

基于集对联系熵的三支决策模型及应用

信息熵是信息系统中不确定性研究的有效理论工具之一.首先,构建集对联系熵建立三支决策规则,利用集对同熵、集对反熵、集对异同和异反熵对三支决策不确定性进行度量,进一步对延迟决策的风险进行分析预测.其次,考虑延迟决策的决策风险,受错判风险敏感程度、知识粒度和决策时机的影响,分析影响因素间的关系,给出延迟决策风险函数表达形式.再次,针对知识粒度的不同对进一步决策的作用不同,将集对联系熵进行改进,当集对标准集合拓展为普通集合时,出现"拒识域",集对联系熵可进一步拓展.最后,用实例进行模型有效性验证.     

基于多伴随直觉模糊粗糙集的三支决策

决策粗糙集提供了处理不确定数据和风险数据决策问题的一个新方法,基于决策粗糙集的三支决策理论是典型的风险决策理论的推广.传统的直觉模糊粗糙集采用一对三角模与蕴涵算子来构造逻辑算子,未考虑属性之间的差别,而多伴随直觉模糊粗糙集采用多个伴随对构造逻辑算子,更好地体现了用户偏好.构造了多伴随直觉模糊粗糙集模型,研究了基于多伴随直觉模糊粗糙集的三支决策.首先,定义了乐观多伴随直觉模糊粗糙集,并用于处理直觉模糊数的复杂计算问题;然后利用隶属函数和非隶属函数计算损失函数,通过期望损失函数对事件对象进行评估,进一步构造了相应的三支决策模型;基于期望损失函数值最小的原则诱导出三支决策,并得到相应决策的风险值.此模型中期望损失函数的构造是基于支持度与非支持度两种度量的综合讨论,考虑更全面,更能有效地反映实际生活情况,满足用户偏好.最后用医学诊断的例子来验证该模型的有效性.     

基于面向对象(属性)概念格的三支规则提取

三支形式概念分析作为形式概念分析的推广,从正信息和负信息角度对概念进行了更精细和更完整的描述.针对决策形式背景,从三支决策思想的视角研究对象导出三支面向对象概念格(OEO-概念格,Object-induced three-way object-oriented)和属性导出三支面向属性概念格(AEP-概念格,Attribute-induced three-way property-oriented)的规则提取问题.首先,借助三支算子给出OEO-协调以及对象导出面向对象三支决策规则的概念,在此基础上研究其规则与面向对象概念格的决策规则之间的关系,研究结果显示当决策形式背景在OEO-协调和面向对象协调的前提下,两者之间存在包含关系.其次,对偶地,提出AEP-协调和属性导出面向属性三支决策规则的定义,并讨论其与面向属性概念格的决策规则之间的关系,进一步地刻画其与属性导出三支决策规则之间的联系.最后,结合实例详细解释所提出的理论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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