冷却工艺对低碳Ti微合金化热轧超高强钢组织性能的影响

对实验钢采用低碳高Ti微合金化的成分设计,进行了控轧控冷实验,通过控制不同的冷速和卷取温度,研究了过冷度和原子扩散速率对钢组织演变及(Ti,Mo)C粒子的析出行为的影响.研究结果表明,冷速为30℃/s,卷取温度为420℃时,实验钢屈服强度大于690MPa,抗拉强度为820MPa,断后伸长率达18%,并具有良好的低温冲击韧性.显微组织性能研究表明,多边形铁素体、针状铁素体、细小M/A岛及弥散的(Ti,Mo)C析出粒子的混合组织可实现强度和韧性的良好匹配.     

Heat treatment of novel low-carbon multi-alloyed anti-wear marine steel

A low-carbon anti-wear steel,multi-alloyed with Si-Cr-Mn-Al-Ni-Mo-(Nb,RE),was designed for vane pumps of ships. The novel cast steel after various heat treatments was characterized by microstructure observations and mechanical properties measurement in order to achieve an optimal process correlated with good abrasive resistance for a long marine service.Differential scanning calorimetry and hardness analyses deduced a complete austenitizing temperature of 1 000℃,based on the alloying element homogenizati...     

Toughening mechanisms of a high-strength acicular ferrite steel heavy plate

An ultra-low carbon acicular ferrite steel heavy plate was obtained with an advanced thermo-mechanical control process-relaxed precipitation controlled transformation (TMCP-RPC) at Xiangtan Steel, Valin Group. The heavy plate has a tensile strength of approximately 600 MPa with a lower yield ratio. The impact toughness of the heavy plate achieves 280 J at -40℃. The fine-grained mixed microstructures of the heavy plate mainly consist of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and polygonal ferrite. The high strength and excellent toughness of the heavy plate are attributed to the formation of acicular ferrite microstructure. The prevention of blocks of martensite/retained austenite (M/A) and the higher cleanness are also responsible for the superior toughness.     

Microstructures and impact toughness behavior of Al 5083 alloy processed by cryorolling and afterwards annealing

The influence of rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 5083 alloy was studied in this paper. Cryorolled samples of Al 5083 show significant improvements in strength and hardness. The ultimate tensile strength increases up to 340 MPa and 390 MPa for the 30% and 50% cryorolled samples, respectively. The cryorolled samples, with 30% and 50% reduction, were subjected to Charpy impact testing at various temperatures from ?190℃ to 100℃. It is observed that increasing the percentage of reduction of samples during cryorolling has significant effect on decreasing impact toughness at all temperatures by increasing yield strength and decreasing ductility. Annealing of samples after cryorolling shows remarkable increment in impact toughness through recovery and recrystallization. The average grain size of the 50% cryorolled sample (14 μm) after annealing at 350℃ for 1 h is found to be finer than that of the 30% cryorolled sample (25 μm). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fractured surfaces shows a large-size dimpled morphology, resembling the ductile fracture mechanism in the starting material and fibrous structure with very fine dimples in cryorolled samples corresponding to the brittle fracture mechanism.     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火+回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火+回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火+回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值(234～66J);对于正火+回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。     

High-temperature properties and microstructure of Mo microalloyed ultra-high-strength steel

The high-temperature mechanical properties and microstructure of forging billets of C-Si-Mn-Cr and C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo ultra-high-strength cold-rolled steels (tensile strength≥1000 MPa, elongation≥10%) were studied. Through the comparison of reduction in area and hot deformation resistance at 600–1300°C, the Mo-containing steel was found to possess a higher strength and a better plasticity than the Mo-free one. The equilibrium phase diagram and atom fraction of Mo in different phases at different temperatures were calculated by Thermo-Calc software (TCW). The results analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy and TCW show that precipitates in the Mo-containing steel are primarily M₂₃C₆, which promote pearlite formation. The experimental data also show that a lower ductility point existing in the Mo-free steel at 850°C is eliminated in the Mo-containing one. This is mainly due to the segregation of Mo at grain boundaries investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), which improves the strength of grain boundaries.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度Rm≥1500MPa,冲击韧性Akv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

X80管线钢的组织与性能研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜等对X80级别管线钢的组织与性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,通过控轧控冷工艺轧制的16 mm厚的X80管线钢的屈服强度达到670 MPa以上时,其屈强比低于0.85,韧脆转变温度低于-60℃,达到了很好的强韧性匹配.细化的针状铁素体有效地改善了实验钢的强度及韧性.X80管线钢中存在两种典型的析出物,一种以Nb,Ti(CN)为主,尺寸较大(50~200 nm);另一种以NbC为主,尺寸细小(小于30 nm).这些纳米级析出物对钢的组织细化和强化起到了重要作用.     

Mechanical properties and characteristics of nanometer-sized precipitates in hot-rolled low-carbon ferritic steel

The microstructures and properties of hot-rolled low-carbon ferritic steel have been investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile tests after isothermal transformation from 600℃ to 700℃ for 60 min. It is found that the strength of the steel decreases with the increment of isothermal temperature, whereas the hole expansion ratio and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries increase. A large amount of nanometer-sized carbides were homogeneously distributed throughout the material, and fine (Ti, Mo)C precipitates have a significant precipitation strengthening effect on the ferrite phase because of their high density. The nanometer-sized carbides have a lattice parameter of 0.411–0.431 nm. After isothermal transformation at 650℃ for 60 min, the ferrite phase can be strengthened above 300 MPa by precipitation strengthening according to the Ashby-Orowan mechanism.     

Microstructure homogenization control of Nb-bearing X65 pipeline steel by the CSP process

In order to get the controlled methods of microstructure homogenization and high strengthening-toughening combination by compact strip production (CSP) rolling, the dynamic recrystallization characteristics of each pass were obtained during CSP rolling using a Gleeble-1500 thermal mechanical simulator. Then, the CSP process was simulated by laboratory rolling experiment. Through thermal mechanical simulation experiment and laboratory rolling experiment, a design idea of Nb-bearing pipeline steel by CSP can be obtained as the following: the level of dynamic recrystallization behavior should be increased through the reasonable balance of high deformation temperature and deformation amount in F1 and F2 passes, and F3-F7 passes should be controlled in the austenite non-recrystallization zone. Finally, X65 pipeline steel with microstructure uniformity and good properties was produced by CSP. The yield strength is up to 497 MPa, the tensile strength is up to 563 MPa, the elongation is 30% on average, and the toughness is very good whose Charpy impact value is 110 J on average and drop-weight tear test shearing areas are all 100% at -60, -40, -20, 0, and 20℃.     

Nb--Ti微合金化热冲压成形用钢的微观组织与力学性能

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对Nb-Ti微合金化热成形钢的微观组织进行观察,采用Kahn撕裂试验对其韧性和撕裂性能进行了研究,并利用Thermo-Calc热力学软件对其析出行为和析出粒子成分进行分析计算.结果表明,含碳质量分数0.13%的热成形钢在Nb-Ti微合金化后的组织为马氏体,和传统热成形钢(22MnB5)相比其奥氏体晶粒、板条块和板条束都得到细化,并且其抗拉强度达到1500 MPa以上,撕裂强度和单位面积裂纹扩展能分别达到1878 MPa、436 kN·m-1.在950℃奥氏体化时,Nb-Ti合金元素几乎全部以析出粒子形式存在,能有效阻止奥氏体晶粒长大.另外在基体中主要存在两种析出物,一种是尺寸在100~200 nm的Ti(C,N);另一种是纳米级别的钛铌复合碳氮化物,能有效强化基体,提高强度.     

高速铁路接触线用高强高导Cu-Cr-Co/Ti合金的组织性能研究

采用真空熔炼制备了Cu-0.50Cr-xCo合金和Cu-0.50Cr-0.07Ti合金,研究了Co含量、变形量、时效温度和合金元素Co、Ti对合金的组织性能的影响。结果表明：随着Co含量的增加,Cu基体中的晶界处逐渐出现未固溶的Cr颗粒;随着变形量的增加,Cu-0.50Cr-xCo合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度分别从129.1 HV和379 MPa增加到146.2 HV和440 MPa,分别增加了13%和16%。而电导率仅从66.8 %IACS下降到65.1 %IACS;提高Cu-0.50Cr-0.10Co合金的时效温度并不能提高合金的综合性能。在实际生产中,Cu-0.50Cr-0.10Co合金的时效温度要控制在450 ℃以下;Cu-0.50Cr-0.07Ti合金的抗拉强度和电导率分别达到450 MPa和73.1 %IACS,Ti元素的强化效果明显优于Co元素的,且对Cu-0.50Cr合金的导电性能影响更小。     

基于动态碳配分机制的高强塑积热成形钢研究

通过直接淬火、QP、回火等工艺对一种低碳含铜钢进行热处理,并使用拉伸试验机、落锤冲击试验机、扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段对其力学性能、显微组织和冲击性能进行表征.在连续冷却淬火过程中观察到碳在马氏体和残余奥氏体间的动态配分现象,QP处理和低温回火可改善实验钢的冲击韧性;实验钢综合力学性能良好:强塑积大于20 GPa%,抗拉强度超过1 400 MPa,延伸率约14%,室温冲击功高于40 J.结果表明,所开发的实验钢可以满足热冲压工艺对成形淬火一体化的要求,可作为具有高强塑积的热成形用钢.     

高铌X80管线钢的组织和性能

基于低C-Si-Mn加0.10%Nb而不加Mo的合金化设计,用高温轧制工艺(HTP,hightemperature processing)在实验室制得API X80级别管线钢.本次试验确定的主要技术参数为:精轧终轧温度830~850℃,终冷温度500~550℃,冷速25~28℃/s,精轧总压下率不小于75%.得到的组织以针状铁素体为主,加少量块状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,并在晶界分布有岛状组织.对冲击断口的金相、SEM(scanning electronmicroscopy)和EDS(energy dispersion scanner)观察发现脆性第二相粒子和原始奥氏体晶界是该管线钢的主要裂纹源.因...     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microstructure and room-temperature tensile properties of Ti14, a new α+Ti₂Cu alloy, were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃, respectively. Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys. The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti₂Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification. It is found that more Ti₂Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature, which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries. Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys, especially after forging at 1000℃. Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fracture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

合金元素对热作模具钢组织与性能的影响

本文作者通过淬火回火硬度试验,室温和高温拉伸冲击试验以及金相和电镜组织观察,研究了V,Mo,Ni,Nb,Co和B等合金元素对热作模具钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明:适宜的合金元素含量对钢的室温和高温强韧性产生很好的作用,所得结果对于热作模具钢新钢种开发有重要参考价值.     

TMCP工艺对Si--Mn系贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

研究了轧后中温缓慢冷却与中温等温两种不同的热机械控制工艺( thermomechanical control process, TMCP)对硅锰系贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响。通过拉伸试验机测试试验钢的力学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射等分析手段对试验钢进行显微组织结构分析,并利用X射线衍射测定残余奥氏体含量。结果表明：随着轧后连续缓慢冷却开始温度的升高,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度、硬度及拉伸应变硬化指数n值有所提高,伸长率和冲击韧性降低,屈强比先降低后升高。随着轧后等温时间的延长,贝氏体钢的抗拉强度与屈强比先降低后升高,伸长率及冲击韧性先升高后降低。相对于等温制度,连续缓慢冷却可得到更好的综合力学性能,强塑积明显高于前者,伸长率比前者高20%以上。     

氮含量对SWRH82B盘条组织和性能的影响

为了研究不同含氮量的SWRH82B盘条在组织和性能等方面的差异,利用液压万能试验机对盘条进行拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察盘条的微观组织、拉伸断口及第二相析出情况。结果表明：增氮使索氏体组织的层片间距更细小;增加1.38×10-4的氮可使盘条的屈服强度提高8 MPa、抗拉强度提高28 MPa、延伸率降低1.8%、断面收缩率降低5.8%;高氮盘条比低氮盘条的拉伸断口上有更多的夹杂物;高氮盘条中的析出物更多且分布较弥散,析出物主要集中在位错线或原奥氏体晶界上,经标定,析出物中含有细小的V(C,N)颗粒。     

超快冷终冷温度对桥梁钢组织性能的影响

两阶段轧制后,采用超快冷对实验钢进行冷却,研究了超快冷终冷温度对高强桥梁钢组织性能的影响.结果表明,超快冷终冷温度显著影响实验钢的组织特征,随着超快冷终冷温度的降低,实验钢的显微组织由粒状贝氏体为主逐渐演变为板条贝氏体为主,且M/A尺寸显著细化.明确了超快冷终冷温度对实验钢力学性能的影响规律,且在236℃的超快冷终冷温度条件下,实验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈强比、-40℃冲击功和延伸率分别为745MPa,961MPa,078,1665J和168%,实现了强度、韧性和塑性的平衡,同时获得了低屈强比.     

DQ-T工艺对12MnNiVR钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了轧后在线淬火+离线回火(DQ-T)对12MnNiVR容器钢显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,在线淬火至300℃获得的组织以条状贝氏体为主,淬火至30℃的组织为马氏体加贝氏体.经离线回火,原始带状下贝氏体为回火索氏体替代,同时析出大量微小FexC粒子.在630~710℃区间,随着回火温度的升高,屈服强度和硬度急速降低,而低温韧性明显提升.回火时间增加,强度下降,韧性增强.在最佳DQ-T工艺条件下:容器钢的ReH为660MPa,Rm为700MPa,A为19.4%,Akv(-20℃)为104 J.