溴化苄对二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆的季铵化及三相催化反应

首次制得二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆－亚磷酸锆Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ＿３）＿（２－ｘ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２ＮＥｔ＿２）＿ｘ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ（ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ，ｘ＝０．７５，０．６０，０．５０）．将ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ用溴化苄季铵化，得到部分季铵化的产物：溴化苄基二乙基铵甲基膦酸锆－二乙基胺甲基膦酸锆－业磷酸锆Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ＿３）＿（２－ｘ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２ＮＥｔ＿２）＿（ｘ－ｙ）·（Ｏ＿３ＰＣＨ＿２Ｎ￣＋Ｅｔ＿２·ＣＨ＿２Ｐｈ·Ｂｒ￣－）＿ｙ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ（Ｙ＜Ｘ，ＺＢＤＥＡＭＰＢ－ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ）．ＺＢＤＥＡＭＰＢ－ＺＤＥＡＭＰ－ＺＰ用于进行液／固／液或固固／液三相催化的亲核取代成醚、卤代烃和羧酸盐合成酯及二氯卡宾加成反应，均得到良好的结果。催化剂易于分离和回收，通常回收７０％～１００％，催化剂重复使用１０次以上无明显失活。     

双核铜（I）配合物与二氧的反应性

两种Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｎ＇,Ｎ＇－四（２＇－苯并咪唑甲基）－１,４－二乙氨基乙二醚（ＥＧＴＢ）铜（Ｉ）双核配合物［Ｃｕ＿２（ＥＧＴＢ］Ｘ＿２（Ｘ＝Ｃｌ￣－ＢＦ￣－＿４）已合成．电子光谱和荧光发射谱表明它们可与分子氧结合,氧合－脱氧循环可重复多次;ＣＶ法测得配合物氧化还原电势,表明ＣＵ（Ⅱ）配合物（氧化型）有超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性,定性检测还表明氧化型有过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）性质,能分解Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２放出Ｏ＿２气．首次发现和证明了同一配体不同氧化态配合物分别具有载氧、ＳＯＤ及ＣＡＴ活性．     

B3H7和B3H9分子中多中心键的研究

用Ｄｕｎｎｉｎｇ基进行从头计算的结果表明：在Ｂ＿３Ｈ＿７（１１０３）中氢桥三中心键与ＢＢＢ三中心键已用σ－共轭效应“融合”为１个四中心键，其特性为ｆ＿Ｂ１－Ｂ２＝１３．６１６２ｎＪ／ｍ，ｆ＿Ｂ２－Ｂ３＝１１．７７１１ｎＪ／ｍ，ｆ＿Ｂ－Ｈｂ－Ｂ＝２８．１３８６ｎＪ／ｍ，ｆ＿４ｃｅｎｔｅｒ＝５８．７０７１ｎＪ／ｍ。但在Ｂ＿３Ｈ＿９中３个氢桥三中心键不相互作用，保持独立，其特征为ｆ＿Ｂ－Ｂ＝４．５９６４ｎＪ／ｍ，ｆ＿Ｂ－Ｈｂ－Ｂ＝３２．３０６６ｎＪ／ｍ，ｆ＿Ｈｂ３ｃｅｎ＝４２．１３３７ｎＪ／ｍ。     

对硝基苯磺酰基乙酸酯类化合物与α-氯丙酸酯的反应

在固—液相转移催化（Ｋ２ＣＯ３／ＣＨ３ＣＮ／ＴＥＢＡ）条件下，对硝基苯磺酰基乙酸酯类化合物与α－氯丙酸酯在６０～８０℃反应没有生成正常的烷基化产物，而得到了２－（４－硝基苯磺酰基）丙酸酯，产率３０％～７０％．反应机理可能是：对硝基苯磺酰基乙酸酯与α－氯丙酸酯反应时相继发生了烷基化和消除反应，消除反应生成的对硝基苯亚磺酸钾与α－氯丙酸酯反应而得到最终产物．     

固体超强酸TiO2／SO4^2—催化合成丁酸异戌酯的研究

报道固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－作为催化剂进行了酸与异戌醇酯化反应的合成路线和工艺条件，实验结果表明；使用合适条件制备的固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－在１３５￣１４２℃，酸与醇比为１：２和适量（３％ｗｔ）催化剂下，反应１．５小时，丁酸异戌酯产率可达９０％左右。     

壳聚糖的改性及改性壳聚糖膜的富氧性能

以ｒ－吡啶酰氯对壳聚糖进行化学修饰，并用修饰后的壳聚糖作为膜材料进行氧氮分离，结果表明，所制得的膜具有良好的机械性能，并具有一定的富氧性（表面含有一层水时）．考察了ｒ－吡啶酰氯和壳聚糖重复单元的摩尔比（Ｂ）、反应温度（Ｔ）、反应时间（ｔ），对壳聚糖上氨基酰化的影响，选择一最佳反应条件：Ｂ以２为宜，反应温度为８０℃，反应时间为７２ｈ。     

用β—环糊精构筑模拟酶催化苯与甲醛合成苯甲醇

以β－环糊精为母体，先与马来酸酐反应合成了双－（氧－丁烯二酸单酯）－β－环糊精（简写Ｅ１），后用氯乙酸修饰Ｅ１，得到了双－［６－氧－（３－脱氧柠檬酸单酯）］－β－环糊精（简写Ｅ２），再利用Ｅ１或Ｅ２作为催化剂，催化苯和甲醛反应生成了苯甲醇。     

La＿2O＿3／SiO＿2上丁烯－1异构化水分压的影响及稳态和脉冲动力学研究

用外循环流动无梯度反应器研究了Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＯ＿２上丁烯－１异构化稳态及脉冲色谱动力学。随水分压ＰＨ＿２Ｏ的增加，丁烯－１异构化活性随之下降。丁烯－１异构化稳态动力学服从Ｌ－Ｈ机理动力学方程，可近似表示为一级速度方程。用脉冲法测得丁烯－１、２－丁烯及水的吸附热，实验值与正交设计法估计值一致。丁烯－１异构化脉冲色谱动力学服从一级反应的Ｂａｓｓｅｔｔ方程。用稳态法与脉冲法测定的丁烯－１异构成ｔ－２－丁烯和ｃ－２－丁烯相对活性及真反应活化能一致。     

葡萄糖-BrO3--Mn2+-H2SO4-丙酮体系的振荡反应

以葡萄糖为有机底物，与－ＢｒＯ３－－Ｍｎ２＋－Ｈ２ＳＯ４－丙酮组成振荡反应体系，在恒温条件下进行振荡反应。结果表明：反应有诱导期，体系电导（Ｌ）不随时间（ｔ）变化；振荡周期，Ｌ随ｔ发生周期变化，溶液颜色在粉红色与无色之间交替变化，有典型的振荡波型。诱导期及振荡周期反应的表观活化能分别为８４．２７５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和９８．１５３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。体系振荡反应物浓度范围［葡萄糖］０．０１～０．０２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，［ＢｒＯ３－］０．０３～０．０４５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，［Ｍｎ２＋］０．０６～０．０８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，［丙酮］０．２７～０．３０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，［Ｈ２ＳＯ４］０．８～１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。振荡反应有Ｂｒ２产生，Ｂｒ２准一级消耗速率常数ｋＢｒ２＝１．６×１０－５Ｓ－。对温度、反应物浓度、丙酮、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｃｌ－、底物对振荡反应的影响作了探讨。     

β—CD衍生物—H2O2氧化环己烷

用β－ＣＤ与顺丁烯二酸酐及α－氯乙酸反应制得（６－氧－３－脱氧柠檬酸单酯）－β－ＣＤ，用此化合物催化Ｈ２Ｏ２对环己烷进行氧化反应制得环己烯。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-