巴戟天多糖的分离与纯化新方法

以巴戟天(Morinda officinalis How) 为原料,运用多种理化方法,提取纯化巴戟天粗多糖,经红外吸收光谱比较和鉴定确认提取物中有多糖特征吸收.采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,以多糖的纯度和提取率为主要指标,对提取方法进行优化.结果表明,用乙醇-水提取法进行提取,用Sevag法除蛋白,氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)结合醇沉法进行纯化.正交实验结果表明提取纯化巴戟多糖最隹条件是乙醇浓度为85%,CPC浓度为0.4%,粗多糖浓度为10%的条件下,纯化多糖的纯度为89.7%,多糖的提取率为10.2%.     

龙眼多糖提取工艺的研究

为了充分开发福建的龙眼资源,本文作者对龙眼多糖的提取工艺进行了研究.该多糖粗品是龙眼经乙醇乙醚混合物脱脂2 h,水提取,乙醇沉淀后,通过Sevag法除蛋白后获得.实验结果表明龙眼多糖的最佳制备条件是温度80℃,时间6 h,搅拌速度180 r/min,乙醇最佳浓度为70%.采用苯酚-硫酸分光光度法于490 nm检测,100 g干龙眼多糖得率为0.94%.     

水浸法提取刺梨中多糖

为了简化刺梨多糖的提取工艺,达到节能、省时、方便的目的,用水提法提取刺梨多糖,探讨乙醇质量分数、提取温度、加热时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响.采用正交实验优化工艺,以多糖提取率为评价指标,用蒽酮硫酸法测定多糖含量.水提法的最佳工艺条件为温度75 ℃,时间1 h,料液比1∶40,乙醇质量分数0%.在此条件下刺梨多糖的得率为4.7%.     

树舌粗多糖的急性毒性研究

目的:对树舌粗多糖进行小鼠急性毒性研究,为树舌多糖临床合理、安全使用提供依据。方法:树舌粗多糖75%和60%的乙醇提取组分,分别采用腹腔注射,按照20mL/kg、2次/天,进行小鼠急性毒性实验。结果:实验期间,小鼠的活动情况与饮食情况均正常,无不良反应,未出现死亡,尸检各脏器无异常变化。腹腔注射树舌粗多糖每天最大给药量分别为:树舌粗多糖75%的乙醇提取组分为9.4mg/10g;树舌粗多糖60%的乙醇提取组分为13.6mg/10g。结论:树舌粗多糖75%和60%的乙醇提取组分均安全无毒。     

优化红花桑寄生多糖提取工艺的研究

采用水提醇沉法从红花桑寄生叶中提取多糖.在单因素实验的基础上,分别对影响红花桑寄生多糖水提的4个主要因素——料液比、提取时间、提取温度、提取次数和影响乙醇沉淀多糖的3个主要因素——乙醇体积分数、静置时间、浓缩倍数,设计了L9(34)4因素3水平正交实验,以多糖得率为指标,采用方差分析对结果进行统计分析,结果表明提取次数和乙醇体积分数对得率影响最大.确立了水提红花桑寄生多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取次数3次,提取温度95℃,料液比为1∶25,提取时间2h;最佳醇沉条件为:浓缩倍数1倍,乙醇体积分数80%,静置时间24h.     

甘薯多糖提取纯化及理化性质初步研究

通过正交实验,确立实验室小量、快速、高效提取甘薯多糖的最佳操作条件,建立了一种新的提取方法,即中性条件下,溶液与溶质体积比为2,乙醇与浓缩液体积比为3,浸提时间为2 h,浸提温度为65℃,甘薯多糖提取率大于90%.利用这种改进的提取方法,分离纯化得到一种甘薯多糖.经纸层析、Sephadex G-200柱层析、紫外扫描、红外光谱分析,确定该多糖为均一多糖,相对分子质量为4.6×104,单糖组成为β-葡萄糖.     

竹叶多糖的提取工艺

目的：筛选竹叶多糖提取优化的最佳工艺.方法：以竹叶多糖为工艺筛选指标,采用正交实验设计方法筛选最佳提取工艺及其条件.结果：竹叶多糖最佳提取工艺为石油醚回流2 h,滤渣用95%乙醇回流2 h,再用30倍量的水回流3次浸提多糖.用Sevage法除蛋白,加入乙醇使含醇量为80%,于冰箱静置12 h,得多糖沉淀.采用优化后的工艺提取竹叶多糖粗品的得率约0.51%.结论：采用该提取工艺,竹叶多糖的提取率较高.     

桔梗中多糖的提取及测定

桔梗是桔梗科多年生草本植物,具有较高的经济价值,为更好地利这种植物资源,服务于地方经济建设,我们研究了桔梗中多糖的提取及测定:用热水浸提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-纤维素柱层析的方法从桔梗中提取并纯化桔梗多糖,用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量,实验所得桔梗中多糖的含量为26.6%。     

内部沸腾法优化螺旋藻多糖提取工艺研究

采用内部沸腾法优化螺旋藻多糖提取工艺.利用正交实验设计分析乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度和时间对螺旋藻多糖得率的影响.结果表明:用内部沸腾法提取螺旋藻多糖的最佳条件为:40%乙醇,料液比1∶14,温度80℃,提取时间5min,多糖得率是8.92%.内部沸腾法快速、高效、经济,可有效用于螺旋藻多糖的提取.     

仙人掌多糖提取工艺的研究

以仙人掌为原料,用热水浸提法提取多糖,采用正交试验法对仙人掌多糖的提取工艺进行优化.结果表明,优选出仙人掌多糖最佳提取工艺:质量浓度为33 3g/L,提取温度95℃,提取时间2h,75%乙醇醇析.多糖的平均提取率为4 73%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to