CuO微米梭的制备及其电化学性能研究

尽管各种各样的CuO纳米结构已被广泛应用于锂离子电池负极材料的研究,但将CuO微米梭作为锂离子电池负极材料却鲜有报道. 运用简单的溶剂热法制备大量的CuO微米梭,并用作锂离子电池负极材料. 实验表明,CuO微米梭在电流密度为100 mA g-1下充放电循环100次后,放电容量依然保持在484 mAh g-1. CuO微米梭优异的电化学性能归功于其独特的梭形结构. 这种结构在锂离子电池充放电过程中可以缩短锂离子和电子的传输距离,缓解体积膨胀效应.     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.     

CoMoO4水热法制备及其在锂/钠离子电池中的应用

碳基负极材料比容量低,无法满足高能量密度电池的需求.为了进一步寻找高容量长循环寿命的电池负极材料,采用水热反应法制备了自支撑CoMoO₄负极,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料的结构、形貌进行表征,利用循环伏安法和恒电流充/放电等技术对比研究了材料在锂/钠离子电池中的电化学性能.结果表明,CoMoO₄负极在锂离子电池中的首次可逆比容量为1 403.6 mAh/g,首次库伦效率为146.5%,在100 mA/g电流密度下经50次循环后仍然高达793.6 mAh/g;而CoMoO₄负极在钠离子电池中首次可逆比容量仅为314.2 mAh/g,但经50次循环后容量保持率仍有76.4 %.该自支撑负极无需导电剂和粘结剂,电极材料与泡沫镍结合力强,具有优异的循环稳定性.     

高容量型锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展

硅基负极材料由于其具有高容量而被广泛研究,该材料在充/放电过程中巨大的体积变化、低的循环寿命和初始库仑效率阻碍了其商业化应用. 本文分析了硅基负极材料的工作原理,回顾了其在脱/嵌锂过程中的晶体结构、表面/界面的变化以及提高其电化学性能的方法,讨论了锂离子电池硅基负极材料的前景.     

石墨烯/Cu-MOF锂电池负极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

金属有机骨架化合物是一种由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键或共价键合成的新型的电极材料。然而,其低的电子导电率和严重的不可逆锂存储制约了该材料在锂电池领域的实际应用。石墨烯具有一系列独特属性,如高的导电率、高表面积、化学稳定性，机械强度和柔韧性,多孔结构。通常用来掺杂在电极材料中以提高循环性能和增加电池的容量。在本实验中,我们研究了Cu-MOF掺杂石墨烯(Cu-MOF/RGO)作为锂电负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,在充放电电流密度为50 mA g-1时，充放电循环50次后，材料的放电比容量可达到520 mAh g-1。同时该材料也显示出较好的倍率性能和较高的库仑效率。由此可以看出Cu-MOF/RGO是一种具有前景的锂离子电池负极材料。     

A designed core-shell structural composite of lithium terephthalate coating on Li4Ti5O12 as anode for lithium ion batteries

A core-shell structural composite was synthesized with lithium terephthalate（Li₂C₈H₄O₄） coated on spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）. The composite displays a capacity of about 200 mA h g^-1 and a good rate capability with two charge/discharge platforms at 1.55 and 0.8 V. The excellent cycling performance of the composite is attributed to the successful combination of high cycling stability of LTO and high specific capacity of Li₂C₈H₄O₄. In addition, an interesting phenomena is observed for the first time for this composite which is that lithium ions transfer between LTO and Li₂C₈H₄O₄ at a fast speed. This is investigated in details via the asymmetric charge/discharge measurement and cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The LTO/Li₂C₈H₄O₄ composite may have potential applications to be used as an anode material for the electric vehicle batteries, which is shallowly charged/discharged at ordinary times using the charge/discharge platform of LTO and fully charged/discharged at emergency to release the extra high capacity from Li₂C₈H₄O₄.     

Low temperature synthesis of NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets as high performance Li-ion battery anode materials

NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets have been synthesized via a facile method at low temperature for the first time.The as prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the performance of Li-ion batteries(LIBs) as anode materials were also studied.By controlling the atom ratio of Ni:Co,not only the size of the nanosheets can be controlled,the electrode’s conductivity and stability could also be greatly improved.The composite material showed a stable capacity retention during cycling(87% of the second capacity was retained after 15 cycles) even at a relatively large current rate(400 mA/g).The NiO/Co3O4 nanosheet might be promising candidate anode materials in high performance Li-ion batteries.     

Sodium-ion capacitors with superior energy-power performance by using carbon-based materials in both electrodes

Na-ion capacitors(NICs) are promising energy storage devices in virtue of their merits in combining the high energy densities of secondary batteries and the high power densities of supercapacitors.However,it is still very challenging to achieve a balanced energy-power performance in NIC device due to the kinetic imbalance between the battery-type anode and the capacitive-type cathode.In this work,an NIC device based on carbon materials for both anode and cathode has been reported.As-prepared(polyimide/graphene oxide)-derived carbon(PIGC) anode material shows excellent rate capability,which can deliver a specific capacity of 110 mAh g~(-1) at high current densities of 5 A g~(-1).In addition,the N,B co-doped expanded reduced graphite oxide(NBEG)cathode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 328 F g~(-1).Due to the improved rate capability of PIGC anode and specific capacitance of NBEG cathode,the imbalance on the energy and power densities between anode and cathode is well addressed.As-assembled PIGC//NBEG device can deliver an energy density of 55 W h kg~(-1) even at a high power density of 9500 W kg~(-1).The energy-power properties of PIGC//NBEG are superior to many state-of-the-art NIC devices that using carbon or non-carbon based electrodes.This work offers not only a promising device configuration with superior energy-power properties,but also a guidance for the design strategies on electrode materials for high-throughput energy storage systems.     

MnO@CoMn$_{\textbf{2}}$O$_{\textbf{4}}$/N-C纳米线复合材料的制备及其作为锂离子电池阳极材料的电化学性能

过渡金属氧化物作为锂离子电池(lithium-ion batteries, LIBs)阳极材料时具有较高的理论容量, 但因其电导率低, 以及充放电过程中的体积膨胀效应常会导致容量的快速衰减. 碳包覆是提升金属氧化物导电性的有效方法, 二者之间的协同效应也可以有效提升材料的电化学性能. 以MnO$_{2}$纳米线为模板制备出MnO$_{2}$@ZIF-67有机-无机杂化纳米结构, 再通过退火处理合成了氮掺杂碳包覆的MnO@CoMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$纳米线复合材料(MnO@CoMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$@N-C). ZIF-67的有机配体在高温煅烧过程中发生碳化反应, 产生了氮掺杂碳, 提升了导电性. 当作为锂离子电池阳极材料时, MnO@CoMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$/N-C纳米线复合材料在0.1 A/g电流密度下的首次放电比容量为1 594.6 mA$\cdot$h/g, 并且在100次充放电循环后的放电比容量仍保持在 925.8 mA$\cdot$h/g, 在0.5 A/g电流密度下经200次充放电循环后的放电比容量仍维持在837.6 mA$\cdot$h/g, 同时具有优异的倍率循环性能. 这种优异的电化学储能特性主要来源于复合材料的特殊结构, 以及氮掺杂碳的包覆.     

强耦合非晶态Sb2S3球与碳纳米管中的钠离子和锂离子存储

A facile one-step strategy involving the reaction of antimony chloride with thioacetamide at room temperature is successfully developed for the synthesis of strongly coupled amorphous Sb₂S₃ spheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique amorphous structure and its strongly coupled effect with the conductive network of CNTs, this hybrid electrode (Sb₂S₃@CNTs) exhibits remarkable sodium and lithium storage properties with high capacity, good cyclability, and prominent rate capability. For sodium storage, a high capacity of 814 mAh·g?1 at 50 mA·g?1 is delivered by the electrode, and a capacity of 732 mAh·g?1 can still be obtained after 110 cycles. Even up to 2000 mA·g?1, a specific capacity of 584 mAh·g?1 can be achieved. For lithium storage, the electrode exhibits high capacities of 1136 and 704 mAh·g?1 at 100 and 2000 mA·g?1, respectively. Moreover, the cell holds a capacity of 1104 mAh·g?1 under 100 mA·g?1 over 110 cycles. Simple preparation and remarkable electrochemical properties make the Sb₂S₃@CNTs electrode a promising anode for both sodium-ion (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).     

以竹纤维为模板制备微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料

以竹纤维为模板,Ti(OC4H9)4和Li(Ac).2H2O为原料,用模板法制备锂离子电池微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料。采用XRD,SEM,BET,充放电实验和交流阻抗等对合成材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。研究结果表明:制备的微米管状Li4Ti5O12负极材料由尖晶石型纳米Li4Ti5O12颗粒构成,具有较大的比表面积,该材料具有良好的电化学性能,在0.5~3.0 V,0.1C倍率下的首次放电比容量为178 mA.h/g,充放电循环100次后放电比容量仍保留162 mA.h/g,且倍率性能优异。     

Enhanced electrochemical stability of carbon-coated antimony nanoparticles with sodium alginate binder for sodium-ion batteries

The poor cycling stability of antimony during a repeated sodium ion insertion and desertion process is the key issue, which leads to an unsatisfactory application as an anode material in a sodium-ion battery. Addressed at this, we report a facile two-step method to coat antimony nanoparticles with an ultrathin carbon layer of few nanometers (denoted Sb@C NPs) for sodium-ion battery anode application. This carbon layer could buffer the volume change of antimony in the charge-discharge process and improve the battery cycle performance. Meanwhile, this carbon coating could also enhance the interfacial stability by firmly connecting the sodium alginate binders through its oxygen-rich surface. Benefitted from these advantages, an improved initial discharge capacity (788.5?mA?h?g^?1) and cycling stability capacity (553?mA?h?g^?1 after 50 times cycle) have been obtained in a battery using Sb@C NPs as anode materials at 50?mA?g^?1.     

具有微纳结构的FeS_2的制备及其储锂性能研究

金属硫化物具有较大的理论容量,有望成为下一代的锂电池负极材料,但是充放电过程中材料发生严重的膨胀/收缩、晶体粉化,使得材料的比容量迅速衰减.本文以铁醇盐为原料制备具有花状微纳结构的FeS_2,以达到抑制材料粉化效果.结果显示,300℃热处理得到的FeS_2样品能够充分保持中间体铁醇盐的花状微纳结构,结晶度高.450℃处理得到的样品表面为多孔状结构,而800℃处理未得到目标产物,样品分子式是Fe_9S_(10).电化学测试结果表明:300℃所得产物具有1 484.3mA·h/g的放电比容量,高于450℃的产物(1 326.7mA·h/g);在电流密度为200mA/g条件下,100次充放电循环后,300℃所得产物的放电比容量为480.8mA·h/g,远高于450℃所得产物的放电比容量(215.8mA·h/g).研究结果表明具有花状微纳结构对材料的粉化现象有较好的抑制作用.     

SnO2基锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

 作为一种N型半导体,二氧化锡基负极材料由于其拥有较高的理论比容量（782 mA·h·g^-1）、高能量密度等优势受到了广泛关注。然而,由于二氧化锡负极材料在充放电过程中的体积效应和本身导电性较差等导致的其循环性能和倍率性能较差,从而制约了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的应用。本文从二氧化锡的纳米化及复合化（包括其与金属氧化物、无定型碳、碳纳米管和石墨烯等复合）2 方面综述了二氧化锡基锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展,同时对SnO₂基锂离子电池负极材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

沉淀法制备Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)及其水基超级电容器性能测试

以Mn(NO_3)_2和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法合成了用作超级电容器电极材料Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明所制备样品呈层状板块形貌.电化学测试结果表明,Na_(0.7)MnO_(2.05)是一种性能比较优良的超级电容器电极材料.在1mol·L~(-1) Na_2SO_4电解质溶液中,0~1V的电压范围内,充放电电流密度为200mA·g~(-1)时,比容量高达201F·g~(-1),库伦效率接近100%.     

苯甲酸锂、对本二酸锂及均苯三甲酸锂的电化学性能

与传统的锂离子电池（LIBs）无机材料相比,有机电极材料因具有理论容量高、可再生、成本低、环境友好等优点已成为LIBs电极材料的热门研究方向. 然而有机材料易溶解在有机电解液中,阻碍有机电极材料的进一步市场化.本文通过含不同数量羧酸的苯甲酸、对苯二甲酸、均苯三甲酸分别与氢氧化锂进行简单中和反应生成相应的苯甲酸锂、对苯二甲酸锂、均苯三甲酸锂,作为有机负极嵌锂材料,并研究不同数量的羧基锂基团对这三种电极材料电化学性能的影响.研究结果显示苯甲酸锂、对苯二甲酸锂、均苯三甲酸锂电极材料在0.1C电流倍率下首次放电容量分别为~250、~340、~268 mAh g-1,50次循环后,其放电容量分别为~75、~100、~60 mAh g-1,表明对苯二甲酸锂电极材料循环前后放电容量最高.通过溶解性实验表明对苯二甲酸锂是最难溶解在有机电解液中.对苯二甲酸锂能够通过O-LiO-键作用形成二维大分子链的结构,能有效抑制溶解.从以上实验结果看出,对苯二甲酸锂电极材料是最有希望的LIBs有机负极材料.     

Anode material with Li-Si nano-domains in three-dimensional carbon network

A micro-nano combined composite with Li-Si alloy nano-domains in three-dimensional carbon network was prepared as a novel electrode material.The carbon network constrained the volume contraction and promoted effectively charge transfer of the whole active material.Meanwhile,the abundant interfaces between Li-Si alloy and carbon bound by Li-C ionic bonds,not only enhanced the delithiation at interface but also ensured the structural integrity.The present composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.The specific capacity at the first lithiation was as high as 1133 mAh g~(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g~(-1),which is superior to those reported for the core-shell structured nanoparticles.The Coulombic Efficiency at the first cycle was 90.4%and kept stable at more than 99.0%after only 10 cycles.The capacity retention was nearly twice as that of the incompact mixture of Li-Si nanoparticles and carbon.The energy density of the full cell constructed by the present composite and sulfur was evaluated to be 3 times as high as that of the commercial lithium-ion batteries.This work provides a new universal strategy for developing Li-rich anode materials with high combination properties and low cost.     

锂离子电池二氧化锡负极材料研究进展

由于以碳为负极材料的锂离子电池(LIBs)已很难满足高性能电子产品对高能量密度的需求,因此研究新的锂离子电池负极材料成为近年来主要的研究方向。在金属氧化物中,二氧化锡(SnO_2)以其较高的理论比容量(782 mAh/g)引起了广泛的关注。首先概述了SnO_2的不同形貌如纳米颗粒、纳米棒、纳米片、纳米微球等在锂离子电池方面的特性;然后阐述了通过掺杂或修饰改善其结构及电化学性能;最后展望了SnO_2基负极材料的纳米结构设计与改进在锂离子电池领域面临的挑战。     

A novel Co(phen)2/C catalyst for the oxygen electrode in rechargeable lithium air batteries

A novel Co(phen)2/C catalyst was prepared by coating cobalt(II) phenanthroline (phen) chelate on BP2000 carbon black and then heat treating in an inert atmosphere. The obtained Co(phen)2/C product with 1.0 wt% cobalt loading exhibits similar morphology and porosity characteristics to those of the bare BP2000. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate a face-centered cubic (fcc) α-Co phase embedded in the carbon support after pyrolysis. Charge/discharge tests of the lithium-oxygen cells using the prepared Co(phen)2/C catalyst show high discharge capacities of 4870 mAh g-1 (0.05 mA cm-2 ), 3353 mAh g-1 (0.1 mA cm-2 ) and 3220 mAh g 1 (0.15 mA cm-2 ), respectively. The Co(phen) 2 /C cathode exhibits reasonable reversibility with capacity retention of 1401 mAh g-1 ( 0.1 mA cm-2 ) after 10 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the prepared Co(phen)2/C catalyst and low cost of the phenanthroline chelating agent indicate that Co(phen)2/C is a promising cheap catalyst for lithium-air batteries.     

Embedding Co3O4 nanoparticles into graphene nanoscrolls as anode for lithium ion batteries with superior capacity and outstanding cycling stability

Co_3O_4 is a promising high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs), but suffers from unsatisfied cyclability originating duo to low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion during charge and discharge process. Herein, we successfully constructed the Co_3O_4 nanoparticles embedded into graphene nanoscrolls(GNSs) as advanced anode for high-performance LIBs with large capacity and exceptional cyclability. The onedimensional(1 D) Co_3O_4/GNSs were synthesized via liquid nitrogen cold quenching of large-size graphene oxide nanosheets and sodium citrate(SC) modified Co_3O_4 nanoparticles, followed by freeze drying and annealing at400 °C for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Benefiting from the interconnected porous network constructed by 1 D Co_3O_4/GNSs for fast electron transfer and rapid ion diffusion, and wrinkled graphene shell for significantly alleviating the huge volume expansion of Co_3O_4 during lithiation and delithiation. The resultant Co_3O_4/GNSs exhibited ultrahigh reversible capacity of 1200 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C, outperforming most reported Co_3O_4 anodes.Moreover, they showed high rate capability of 600 m Ah g-1 at 5 C, and outstanding cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles. Therefore, this developed strategy could be extended as an universal and scalable approach for intergrating various metal oxide materials into GNSs for energy storage and conversion applications.