电感及电容结构的压控振荡器电路设计与仿真

随着通信技术对射频收发机性能要求的不断提高,高性能压控振荡器已成为模拟集成电路设计、生产和实现的关键环节。针对压控振荡器设计过程中存在相位噪声这一核心问题,文中采用STMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,提出了一种1.115 G的电感电容压控振荡器电路设计方案,利用Cadence中的Spectre RF对电路进行仿真。研究结果表明:在4～6 V的电压调节范围内,压控振荡器的输出频率范围为1.114 69～1.115 38 GHz,振荡频率为1.115 GHz时,在偏离中心频率10kHz处,100 kHz处以及1 MHz处的相位噪声分别为-90.9 dBc/Hz,-118.6 dBc/Hz,-141.3dBc/Hz,以较窄的频率调节范围换取较好的相位噪声抑制,从而提高了压控振荡器的噪声性能。     

应用于IMT-A和UWB系统的双频段开关电流源压控振荡器设计

采用TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺设计了一款宽带电感电容压控振荡器(LC-VCO).LC-VCO采用互补型负阻结构,输出信号对称性较好,可以获得更好的相位噪声性能.为达到宽的调谐范围,核心电路采用4 bit可重构的开关电容调谐阵列以降低调谐电路增益,并使用可变电容在每段开关电容子频带上实现调谐.此外,压控振荡器的设计采用了开关电流源、开关交叉耦合对和噪声滤波等技术,以优化电路的相位噪声、功耗、振荡幅度等性能.整个芯片(包括焊盘)面积为1.11 mm×0.98 mm.测试结果表明,在1.2 V电源电压下,UWB和IMT-A频段上压控振荡器所消耗的电流分别为3.0和5.6 mA,压控振荡器的调谐范围为3.86～5.28和3.14～3.88GHz.在振荡频率3.534和4.155 GHz上,1 MHz频偏处,压控振荡器的相位噪声分别为-122和-119 dBc/Hz.     

一种频率线性可调的正交正弦波振荡器

设计了一种用于MEMS传感器电容读出的频率可调的正弦波振荡器。振荡器采用OTA-C结构,通过调节工作于线性区的MOS管的漏源电压来改变OTA的gm,从而实现对频率的调节。振荡器可输出四路相位分别为90°,180°,270°和360°的振荡信号。芯片在0.5μm 2P3M CMOS工艺下设计并流片,测试表明在5V电源电压下振荡频率在180KHz~1.2MHz之间线性可调,振荡频率对于电源电压变化的灵敏度为8.1%/V。     

一种频率线性可调的正交正弦波振荡器

设计了一种用于MEMS传感器电容读出的频率可调的正弦波振荡器。振荡器采用OTA-C结构,通过调节工作于线性区的MOS管的漏源电压来改变OTA的g_m,从而实现对频率的调节。振荡器可输出四路相位分别为90°,180°,270°和360°的振荡信号。芯片在0.5μm2P3MCMOS工艺下设计并流片,测试表明在5V电源电压下振荡频率在180KHz～1.2MHz之间线性可调,振荡频率对于电源电压变化的灵敏度为8.1%/V。     

一种采用全MOS器件补偿温度和沟调效应的电流控制环形振荡器

提出一种全MOS器件补偿温度和沟调效应电流控制环形振荡器,以减小通信时钟恢复电路振荡器的振荡频率偏移.与传统振荡器相比,该振荡器采用全MOS器件设计温度和偏置电流补偿电路,在增强可靠性的情况下降低了温度和沟调效应引起的频率偏移.电路采用0.35μm标准MOS工艺设计,通过与传统振荡器性能进行仿真比较,该方法振荡频率的偏移量得到明显改善.     

基于最小变电容结构的数控LC振荡器

提出了一种数控最小变电容结构,采用互补型变容管两端跨接固定电容结构,可以使用较大尺寸变容管实现较小的最小变容值,从而减小了工艺误差对设计结果的影响,同时解决了大摆幅振荡信号下的非线性问题,缓解失配电容对失配率一致性对最小变容值的影响.在相同工艺下,最小变电容值减小接近50%.采用180nm CMOS工艺,基于最小变电容结构设计了全数控LC振荡器,通过改变各级数控变电容阵列的结构,提高全数控LC振荡器的频率分辨率.仿真结果表明:提出的最小变电容结构可实现7.42aF的最小变电容值;全数控LC振荡器的振荡频率范围为3.2~3.8GHz,输出电压摆幅为1.75V,中心谐振频率3.5GHz的相位噪声为-1.2×10-4 dBc/Hz,归一化价值因子FOM为211;在相位噪声、功耗、FOM等性能指标维持在同等水平的前提下,调频精度显著提高.     

双环路电流模式正弦振荡器的CCⅡ实现

为获得高频率、高精度、高稳定度和易集成的电流模式正弦振荡器,以基本RC网络的带通、低通特性为基础, 利用3个CCⅡ设计双环路电流模式正弦振荡器,该电路的振荡频率大于2 MHz.振荡幅度与振荡频率可独立调节,振荡频率取决于电阻比,因而输出频率的精度高、稳定度高.一电容接地,另一电容"虚地",电路易集成.电路的频谱选择性较好.计算机仿真结果证明该滤波器正确有效.     

电容三点式振荡器若干问题的讨论

通过电路分析的方法,对影响电容三点式振荡器的起振条件和振荡频率稳定性的因素进行了探讨,并由此提出了电流负反馈电容三点式振荡器具有较稳定的振荡频率的结论。     

一种超声清洗电源频率跟踪技术

针对超声清洗过程中超声换能器谐振频率发生漂移的问题,设计了一种由D触发器、单片机、数字电位器和压控振荡器组成的频率跟踪系统。该系统利用单片机检测超声清洗电源负载的电压、电流的相位差,并通过数字电位器来改变压控振荡器的输出频率。与其它频率跟踪方法相比,该系统降低了程序编写的复杂性,电路简单且易于实现。     

一种1.84GHz低噪声电容电感压控振荡器

研究在不影响功耗特性的情况下,改善电感电容压控振荡器(LCVCO)相位噪声特性的方法.在传统LCVCO结构基础上,增加PMOS尾电流源,并采用LC回路滤除二次谐波;使用开关电容阵列进行多带调谐,减小压控振荡器(VCO)增益,即控制电压对输出的扰动.基于Chartered 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺设计流片,测试结果表明,1.84 GHzLCVCO的功耗为16.6 mW,在100 kHz和1 MHz频偏处相位噪声分别为-105 dB/Hz和-123 dB/Hz.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.