应用于IMT-A和UWB系统的双频段开关电流源压控振荡器设计

采用TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺设计了一款宽带电感电容压控振荡器(LC-VCO).LC-VCO采用互补型负阻结构,输出信号对称性较好,可以获得更好的相位噪声性能.为达到宽的调谐范围,核心电路采用4 bit可重构的开关电容调谐阵列以降低调谐电路增益,并使用可变电容在每段开关电容子频带上实现调谐.此外,压控振荡器的设计采用了开关电流源、开关交叉耦合对和噪声滤波等技术,以优化电路的相位噪声、功耗、振荡幅度等性能.整个芯片(包括焊盘)面积为1.11 mm×0.98 mm.测试结果表明,在1.2 V电源电压下,UWB和IMT-A频段上压控振荡器所消耗的电流分别为3.0和5.6 mA,压控振荡器的调谐范围为3.86～5.28和3.14～3.88GHz.在振荡频率3.534和4.155 GHz上,1 MHz频偏处,压控振荡器的相位噪声分别为-122和-119 dBc/Hz.     

优化耦合方式的低相位噪声宽带正交压控振荡器设计

本文对传统正交压控振荡器(QVCO)耦合方式进行了改进,提出了在耦合管的源端引入相移网络的方法,从而改善了QVCO电路的相位噪声性能以及减小输出相位失配,并依此设计了一个低相位噪声,输出相位关系稳定的宽带正交压控振荡器.QVCO电路采用TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS工艺进行设计,输出频率范围为3.4～5.48 GHz,即调谐范围达46.8%.测试表明,输出频率4.2 GHz时在频偏1 MHz处,相位噪声为-120 dBc/Hz.在整个输出频率范围内电路FOM值介于179.5～185.2 dB,电路功耗为7.68～18mW.     

电感及电容结构的压控振荡器电路设计与仿真

随着通信技术对射频收发机性能要求的不断提高,高性能压控振荡器已成为模拟集成电路设计、生产和实现的关键环节。针对压控振荡器设计过程中存在相位噪声这一核心问题,文中采用STMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,提出了一种1.115 G的电感电容压控振荡器电路设计方案,利用Cadence中的Spectre RF对电路进行仿真。研究结果表明:在4～6 V的电压调节范围内,压控振荡器的输出频率范围为1.114 69～1.115 38 GHz,振荡频率为1.115 GHz时,在偏离中心频率10kHz处,100 kHz处以及1 MHz处的相位噪声分别为-90.9 dBc/Hz,-118.6 dBc/Hz,-141.3dBc/Hz,以较窄的频率调节范围换取较好的相位噪声抑制,从而提高了压控振荡器的噪声性能。     

GPS/BD 接收机中电感电容压控振荡器设计

采用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款宽调谐、低相位噪声、低功耗的电感电容压控振荡器(voltage controlled oscillar,VCO),用于接收北斗卫星导航系统的B1,B2频段信号和全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)的L1频段信号的射频接收机中.振荡器中采用了开关固定电容阵列和开关MOS管可变电容阵列,有效地解决了宽频率调谐范围和低相位噪声之间不可兼顾的问题,另外,采用了可变尾电流源的结构,使得振荡器在整个可调频率范围内输出电压的幅度变化不大.利用Cadence软件中Spectre对电路进行仿真.结果表明,振荡器频率调谐在2.958-3.418 GHz和2.318-2.552 GHz这2个频段内,在1.8V的供电电源电压下,功耗仅为3.06-3.78mW.当振荡器工作在3.2 GHz和2.4 GHz的中心频率时,其在1 MHz频偏处的单边相位噪声分别为-118 dBc/Hz和-121 dBc/Hz.     

低功耗直接衬底耦合QVCO的分析与设计

设计了一款基于TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺实现的低功耗低相位噪声、直接衬底耦合形式的正交压控振荡器(QVCO).该QVCO采用电容抽头技术、丙类操作状态和衬底耦合技术,降低电路的功耗和面积.最终版图后仿真结果表明:该QVCO在仅消耗2 m W的情况下,在载频6 GHz处,相位噪声达到-119.11d Bc/Hz@1MHz.     

自动幅度控制电路在射频CMOS电感电容振荡器中的应用及原理分析

分析推导了互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)电感电容振荡器的电压振荡幅度与相位噪声的关系.采用自动幅度控制电路控制射频CMOS电感电容振荡器,在0.18μm CMOS工艺下进行Candence SpectreRF仿真,在3.4 GHZ时,1MHz频偏处相位噪声最差值采用自动幅度控制电路为-113.3dBc/Hz,不采用自动幅度控制电路为-105.1dBe/Hz.在不同频率下对振荡器相位噪声仿真结果表明,当频率变化从3.16-3.4 GHz时,采用自动幅度控制电路的相位噪声都低于不采用自动幅度控制电路的相位噪声.由此得出通过控制振荡器振动振幅,提高品质因数,可以降低振荡器相位噪声.     

10 GHz低相噪扩频时钟发生器的设计与实现

基于55nm CMOS工艺设计并制造了一款小数分频锁相环低相噪10GHz扩频时钟发生器(SSCG).该SSCG采用带有开关电容阵列的压控振荡器实现宽频和低增益,利用3阶MASHΔΣ调制技术对电路噪声整形降低带内噪声,使用三角波调制改变分频系数使扩频时钟达到5 000×10~(-6).测试结果表明:时钟发生器的中心工作频率为10GHz,扩频模式下峰值降落达到16.46dB;在1 MHz频偏处的相位噪声为-106.93dBc/Hz.芯片面积为0.7mm×0.7mm,采用1.2V的电源供电,核心电路功耗为17.4mW.     

一种宽调谐范围的毫米波LC压控振荡器设计

基于TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种具有宽调谐范围的毫米波电感电容压控振荡器,振荡器采用开关电容阵列、大容值范围可调电容和大滤波电容实现频率调谐范围与相位噪声的双优化.通过三组开关电容阵列来获得八条子频段,优选容值范围较大的可调电容来细调每一个频段的振荡频率,获得较大的调谐增益Kvco,从而最大程度地提高频率调谐范围.通过大滤波电容与尾电流源构成的低通滤波器抑制偶次谐波附近的噪声,从而优化相位噪声.仿真结果表明,在1. 2 V的工作电源电压下,压控振荡器的频率调谐范围22. 2 G～29. 2 GHz,中心频率25. 7 GHz,在1 MHz频率偏移处的相位噪声-100. 9 dBc·Hz~(-1),功耗10. 81 mW,芯片核心面积为0. 056 mm~2.     

全数字锁相环中宽带数控振荡器设计

在TSMC 65nm工艺下设计了一个调谐范围为3～5GHz、用于全数字锁相环的宽带数控LC振荡器.该振荡器的电容阵列分成粗调、中调和细调三个阵列,其中粗调为MIM开关电容,中调和细调采用数控人造介质(DiCAD)实现.测试结果表明:当中心频率为3GHz和5GHz时,频偏1MHz处相位噪声分别为-123dBc/Hz和-116dBc/Hz,功耗分别为12mA和5mA.     

基于变压器耦合的互补型LC压控振荡器

设计了一个基于变压器(transformer)耦合的互补型全集成CMOS LC压控振荡器(VCO).与传统结构相比,利用变压器耦合形成正反馈环路,增大输出振幅,使得电路更加易于起振;同时,采用电流复用技术,有效降低功耗.VCO采用65nm CMOS工艺设计,利用开关电容阵列(SCA,switched capacitor array)进行频率调谐,调谐范围18%(3.0~3.6GHz),相位噪声-118dBc/Hz@1MHz频率偏移,品质因数FoM(figure-of-merit)188dBc/Hz,直流功耗0.96mW.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the