用二异丙叉甘露醇及非手性脂肪醇改性的LiAlH_4对α－苯丙酮的不对称还原反应

用１，２，５，６－二异丙叉甘露醇与ＬｉＡｌＨ４作用，生成手性的二氢络合物，进一步与非手性的一元脂肪醇反应，形成一氢络合物，用它将α－苯丙酮还原为光学活性的Ｒ－α－苯丙醇。在其他条件相同的情况下，非手性的一元脂肪醇的结构对还原反应的光学产率影响较大。其中某些伯醇和仲醇可使光学产率达到６２％～６９％，叔醇较差。     

用二异丙叉甘露醇及非手性脂肪醇改性的LiaLH…

用１，２，５，６－二异丙叉甘露与ＬｉＡＨ４作用，生成手性的二氢络合物，进一步与非手性的一元脂肪醇反应，形成一氢络合物，用它将α－苯丙酮还原为光学活性的Ｒ－α－苯丙醇。在其他条件相同的情况下，非手性的一元脂肪醇的结构对还原反应的光学产率影响较大。其中某些某些伯醇和仲醇可使光学产率达到６２％－６９％，叔醇较差。     

新型水溶性手性钌催化剂的制备及应用

利用发烟硫酸磺化手性双胺双膦配体[（R．R）-C6P2（NH）2]．合成了PNNP-型水溶性手性双胺双膦配体[（R．R）-C6P2（NH）2（SO3Na）4]，并分别与简单的钌、铑络合物反应，制备水溶性手性钌络合物催化剂[（R，R）-C6P2（NH）2（SO3Na）4RuCl2]和铑络合物催化剂[（R，R）-C6P2（NH）2（SO3Na）4RhCl]．经元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振等对手性配体及手性Ru络合物进行了结构表征．进而用这些水溶性的钌，铑络合物催化剂或水溶性手性配体与铱络合物[IrHCl2（COD）]2组成的混合催化体系研究了多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化。结果表明．在以异丙醇作为氢源时．对芳香酮的不对称转移氢化都具有较好的催化活性．与铑，铱催化体系相比，水溶性手性钌络合物催化体系具有更高的活性和对映选择性．对于苯乙酮的氢化．其转化率和对映选择性分别达到91.6％和93．0％e．e．．此外，进一步考察了反应温度和KOH用量对水溶性手性钌络合物催化苯乙酮不对称转移氢化性能的影响，并将水溶性手性钌络合物催化体系应用于多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化，获得了高的收率和对映选择性，分别可达92．0％和96．4％e．e．．研究结果表明，水溶性手性钌络合物[CR．R）-G6P2（NH）2（SO3Na）4RuCl2]是芳香酮不对称氢转移催化氢化的优良催化剂.     

含氮手性及外消旋配体与铑络合物在苯乙酮不对称氢转移反应中的应用

将由手性配体(1S,2S)-N-对甲苯磺酰基-1,2-二苯基乙二胺与铑金属络合物二-μ-氯-二(1,5-环辛二烯)二铑;外消旋配体(±)-1,1'-联-2-萘胺、手性活化剂(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺与铑金属络合物二-μ-氯-二(1,5-环辛二烯)二铑组成的两种催化剂体系用于催化苯乙酮的不对称氢化反应.由气相色谱法及旋光测定法对反应物的转化率及产物的光学纯度分析的结果表明,手性配体和铑金属络合物组成的手性配体催化体系对苯乙酮的转化率为5.11%,产物的光学纯度为72.16%;而外消旋配体、手性活化剂与铑金属络合物组成的外消旋配体催化体系对苯乙酮的转化率为42.84%,产物的光学纯度为16.17%,由此说明手性配体催化体系较外消旋配体催化体系表现出更高的光学选择性.     

手性含氮四齿配体催化苯丙酮的不对称氢转移氢化

利用8-羟基喹啉与手性环己基二胺的反应，合成了对空气和水稳定的手性含氮四齿配体（R，R）-C5N4；进而分别与钌、铑或铱等金属络合物组合，现场生成催化体系，用于苯丙酮的不对称氢转移氢化反应；考察了碱添加量、配体用量和底物与催化剂用量摩尔比对反应性能的影响．结果表明，该配体与RhHCO（PPh3）3的混合体系效果较好，可得到68％ee的对映选择性．     

用二丙酮甘露醇改性的LiAlH_4对苯乙酮的不对称还原反应

由1,2,5,6-二丙酮甘露醇与LiAlH_4及非手性R′OH在室温形成的手性络合物对苯乙酮的不对称还原,得到光学活性的α-苯基乙醇,其旋光产率随R′OH的体积增大而提高(25%e.e),产物均为R-构型。本文初步探讨了反应机理。     

銅和3-甲基吡啶絡合物的比色研究

二价铜离子在水溶液中与氨生成深蓝色稳定的络合物;这一事实是用氨作铜离子的鑑定试剂及比色法测定铜离子浓度的基础。铜离子在水溶液中和含氮的杂环化合物吡啶及4—甲基吡啶也形成有色络合物,B.J.Bruehlman及F.H.Verhock用pH法测定了这些络合物的稳定常数。且Cu~(++)与吡啶形成有色络合物的反应已在定量分析中用来代替氢作为铜离子的比色测定,因为氨的发挥性高,浓度容     

溶剂对苯乙炔衍生物EPHG的螺旋聚合的影响

本文合成了4-[(3,5-二异丁基-4-羟基苯)(3,5-二异丁基-4-苯醌基)甲基]苯乙炔单体(EPHG),由铑络合物和手性胺催化体系引发聚合,利用CD-UV谱图确认生成的聚合物是螺旋结构.讨论了聚合机理,调查了溶剂对聚合的影响,结果表明:在四氢呋喃溶液中,铑络合物[Rh(cod)Cl]2和(R)-苯乙基胺催化体系引发EPHG聚合成同一手性的螺旋聚合物,并且有较高的收率。     

新颖手性胺基膦配体在烯胺不对称催化氢化反应中的应用

将新颖的手性胺基磷配体，6，6'－二甲氧基－2，2'－双（二苯胺基膦）－1，1'－连苯的铑铬合物应用于烯胺类化合物的不对称催化氢化反应中，发现这个铑络合物是一个有效的手性催化剂，各种手性胺产物的转化率为100％，光学选择性（ee）也达到了51％－43％。     

含蒎烯基联吡啶的新型手性Mo(0)络合物的合成和表征

为了探讨含手性蒎烯基联吡啶的手性钼(0)络合物的结构对光谱(特别是CD光谱)性质的影响,合成了两个新型手性钼络合物( )CD452[Mo(CO)4(LRR)]和[Mo(CO)4(LSS)].用元素分析、IR、UV vis、CD、1HNMR和13CNMR等对其进行了充分表征.研究结果表明:两种络合物为一对具有几乎完全相同物理化学性质、配体互为对映体的光学异构体;两者在可见区的CD曲线呈现弱Cotton效应,且大致为镜象对称,说明在相应的手性络合物中,由于联吡啶上相反手性的蒎烯基通过中心金属钼对MLCT发色团产生了手性微扰作用,从而产生诱导CD效应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-