中华鳖抗嗜水气单胞菌亚单位疫苗的制备与应用

水体条件致病菌嗜水气单胞菌对中华鳖养殖业的危害巨大.为预防嗜水气单胞菌的感染,提高中华鳖免疫抵抗力,研究开发嗜水气单胞菌疫苗是一种有效的方法.利用PCR手段克隆获得嗜水气单胞菌DnaK和DnaJ两个基因,并将两基因重组到大肠杆菌表达载体上,转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株,纯化获得了重组蛋白rDnaKAh和rDnaJAh.将两个重组蛋白分别与弗氏佐剂充分混合制备成疫苗,腹腔注射中华鳖幼鳖,加强免疫一次后,用已分离获得的致病菌株感染中华鳖幼鳖,实验结果表明rDnaK具有81.8％的免疫保护效应,而rDnaJ仅具有31.8％的免疫保护效应.     

灭活嗜水气单胞菌菌苗免疫巴西彩龟研究

选择对巴西彩龟毒力最强的嗜水气单胞菌菌株(98037),扩大培养制成灭活福尔马林菌苗,分别对巴西彩龟进行注射和浸泡实验.经过对吞噬细胞吞噬活性、血清抗体效价的检测和攻毒实验,结果表明,受免疫组各项指标均明显高于对照组,免疫保护力达到81%以上,其中浸泡组各项指标略低于注射组.     

中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌苗的制备和应用

探讨了福尔马林在不同温度、不同浓度条件下对中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌细胞的灭活时间,介绍了中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌灭活菌苗的制备过程,并报告了菌苗的安全性、免疫效力和现场应用结果。     

嗜水气单胞菌HEC毒素苗对鲫鱼的免疫效果的初步研究

用嗜水气单胞菌强毒株BSK－10和TPS－30的HEC毒素苗分别免疫鲫鱼,以不同嗜水气单胞菌菌株攻毒,测定免疫保护率,结果显示：BSK－10HEC毒素苗对同型菌株攻击保护率达90％－100％,对异型菌株攻击的保护无效,为0－20％;TPS－30HEC毒素苗对,同源菌株攻击的保护率达100％,对同型菌的保护率为75．5％－100％,对异型菌株的保护率为44．4％－100％,经统计检验,TPS－30毒素苗对10株攻毒株的保护除1株无效外,其余均效果极显著或显著,对血清型不同的菌株的免疫保护率没有区别。     

蛹虫草菌丝对罗氏沼虾免疫功能的影响

在罗氏沼虾饵料中添加w=1%、2%、3%蛹虫草菌丝能提高罗氏沼虾血清PO活力、肌肉SOD活力、 GSH-Px活力,并同时降低MDA含量.经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后,实验组的免疫保护率也明显提高.结果证明,蛹虫草菌丝可提高罗氏沼虾的免疫能力,增强抗嗜水气单胞菌的能力.     

三联疫苗对大黄鱼常见细菌性疾病免疫保护的实验研究

采用0.5%福尔马林4℃灭活和65℃热灭活2种不同的方法制备三联疫苗作为抗原,以多次腹腔注射或浸泡的方式免疫大黄鱼,通过测定受免大黄鱼血清中抗体凝集效价变化并进行攻毒实验以评估保护效果.结果表明:以福尔马林灭活疫苗注射免疫途径效果最佳,其血清抗体效价平均达1536,攻毒后1周内免疫保护率为88.9%;热灭活疫苗注射免疫途径效果也比较明显,其血清抗体效价平均达1024,攻毒后1周内免疫保护率为76.6%;福尔马林和热灭活疫苗浸泡免疫大黄鱼也有一定效果,免疫保护率分别为55.7%和44.6%.     

卵黄抗体在防治中华鳖气单胞菌病中的应用

探讨了卵黄特异性抗体在防治中华鳖气单胞菌病中的应用 .产蛋鸡经嗜水气单胞菌免疫后 ,产生了高效价的卵黄抗体 ;冻干过程中抗体活性基本没有损失 ;体外抑菌试验表明 ,该特异性抗体具有较强抑制嗜水气单胞菌的效果 ;鳖场被动免疫防治试验证明 ,该抗嗜水气单胞菌卵黄抗体对中华鳖气单胞菌病具有良好的防治效果 .     

广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备

本研究针对广西地区分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌,开发区域定制化的灭活疫苗,以实现鱼病的有效预防和控制。首先,对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌在LB培养基中的生长曲线,培养基的最适pH值,以及培养基中添加蔗糖对嗜水气单胞菌生长影响进行研究;随后探索嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备方法,并在细胞水平和斑点叉尾鮰活体水平上研究疫苗的安全性,开展疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护实验。结果表明嗜水气单胞菌浓度与菌液OD值间具有较好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=2E-10x+0.1399,R2=0.975 4。用于培养嗜水气单胞菌的LB培养基最适pH值为7.0～7.5,且在培养基中添加蔗糖能显著促进嗜水气单胞菌的生长。研究制备的嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗在细胞水平和鱼活体水平均安全无毒,且对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护率可达到75%。据此,本研究初步建立起广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备工艺。     

复方中草药对中华绒螯蟹免疫因子的影响

在基础饲料中添加6种中草药制剂煎液制成试验饲料,同时以基础饲料为对照,连续饲喂中华绒螯蟹30d,采集中华绒螯蟹血淋巴上清液测定其免疫指标活性.T检验结果表明,中草药添加饲料组蟹的噬菌活性与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);溶菌酶活性、酚氧化酶活性(PO)与对照组则差异极显著(P<0.01);抗菌酶活性、过氧化物酶活性(POD)差异不显著(P>0.05),但均值比对照饲料组高.说明该中草药制剂的添加能明显提高中华绒螯蟹的免疫水平.用中华绒螯蟹致病菌嗜水气单胞菌CL99920对实验蟹进行攻毒试验,嗜水气单胞菌的最佳攻毒剂量为5×106cfu/mL,对照组的死亡率为80%,明显高于中草药免疫组的死亡率30%,该中草药添加剂的免疫保护率为62 5%.     

鳖用四价细菌灭活疫苗免疫防治应用研究

将分离自中华鳖主要细菌性疾病如肠道出血性败血症、鳖穿孔病（疖疮病）、红脖子红底板病、鳖腐皮病的4株不同血清型的温和气单胞菌,用3.5%福尔马林溶液处理24 h灭活并添加蜂胶作为佐剂,制成总含菌量为6×109CFU/mL的四价菌苗。同时制备了针对中华鳖IgM的单克隆抗体3H3,并建立了由单抗3H3介导的三抗体夹心ELISA（TAS-ELISA）方法对四价菌苗的免疫效果进行评价。将研制的四价菌苗小批量免疫健康中华鳖,分别于免疫前及免疫后的100 d内,随机采集3只免疫组和1只对照组的中华鳖血清,利用所建立的TAS-ELISA测定血清中抗体ELISA效价。将免疫50 d的中华鳖分成4组,分别用4株病原菌以5LD5（09×106CFU/mL）进行攻毒,并用上述制备的四价疫苗进行免疫预防试验。结果显示：当中华鳖免疫后40 d,血清中抗体ELISA效价最高,为1：（1.28×104）;中华鳖免疫后50 d,其免疫保护率均达到100%,同时对照组死亡率为100%。结果表明：以蜂胶为佐剂的鳖用四价细菌灭活疫苗所开展的免疫预防试验取得了良好的免疫效果,能有效地预防养殖鳖类主要病害的发生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to