焚烧炉烟气中HCl气体高温净化的温度选择

研究了普通石灰和改性石灰吸收HCl气体对应的平衡分压随温度的变化、石灰的热分解规律，以及温度对石灰吸收HCl气体的最大反应率的影响，确定了焚烧炉烟气中HCl气体的最佳干式净化温度．研究表明：随温度升高，石灰吸收HCl气体所对应的平衡分压升高；烟气中CO2分压提高，HCl的平衡分压亦升高，但是改性石灰可在一定程度上消除CO2对HCl吸收的不利影响；当反应产物中有未反应石灰存在时，HCl平衡分压会明显下降．200℃时已达最大反应率的石灰在600℃时仍能继续反应．HCl高温净化温度可确定在600℃左右，并可用改性石灰为吸引剂。     

高炉煤气中HCl生成的热力学研究

高炉煤气中HCl气体的生成机理并非简单的高温下NaCl与水的反应,而是复杂的多项反应.高炉煤气中HCl气体的生成途径可能有两种:一是NaCl、H2O与P2O5反应生成HCl气体;二是NaCl、H2O与SO2和NO2反应生成HCl气体.根据高炉煤气中HCl生成的热力学计算表明,HCl气体在高炉中上部生成,生成温度集中在300 ～ 800℃和1400～ 1600℃.     

三氯化铁水溶液的制备

采用三口瓶作为反应器,先加入稀HCl与铁粉反应生成FeCl2,确定反应中HCl的质量分数为18％、温度为85℃、HCl与铁粉的质量比值为1．40：1、反应时间为20min的最佳制备条件;再加入稀HCl,在酸性条件下用H2O2将FeCl2氧化成FeCl2,确定反应中搅拌速度的旋钮刻度为20,H2O2与铁粉质量比值为1．63：1,温度为55℃,H2O2加入速度为0．5～1．0mL·min^-1最佳氧化条件．     

HCl气体在烧结矿表面的吸附机理及特性

基于密度泛函理论,对HCl气体在烧结矿表面的吸附机理进行模拟计算,并且通过实验研究了不同反应温度、烧结矿粒度和HCl气体流量条件下烧结矿表面吸附HCl气体的特性规律.结果表明：HCl在α-Fe2 O3(001)表面的最大吸附能为-175.91 kJ·mol-1,为化学吸附. Cl原子与基底表面的Fe原子发生反应结合成Cl-Fe键.吸附后Fe-O键长变短,Fe-O键能增加,结构更紧密. Cl原子与Fe原子结合成键后,削弱Cl原子与H原子的结合.温度对烧结矿吸附氯元素量的影响较大,随着温度升高,氯元素吸附量逐渐增多;随着烧结矿粒度增大,氯元素吸附量逐渐减少;随着HCl气体流量的增加,氯元素吸附量迅速增加.     

改性CaCO3代替Ca(OH)2高温净化烟气中HCl气体的研究

在分析CO2对Ca（OH）2吸收HCl气体影响的基础上，研究了CaCO3类吸收剂替代Ca（OH）2在高温下吸收HCl气体的可行性．研究表明：Ca（OH）2在高温干式净化HCl的过程中，很大一部分是以CaCO3的形式反应的．与普通CaCO3相比，经NaOH溶液改性的CaCO3具有更高的反应活性，在550～650℃的高温段内的反应率甚至优于Ca（OH）2，且在600℃下对应的HCl平衡体积分数与Ca（OH）2相当或更低；因此，可以替代Ca（OH）2用作焚烧烟气中HCl气体吸收剂．600℃是改性CaCO3取代Ca（OH）2的合适反应温度．     

ZnFe2O4与CaCl2氯化反应机理

利用CaCl2为氯源与含锌冶金粉尘的重要组分ZnFe2O4进行反应,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了ZnFe2O4粉体与CaCl2反应面和反应产物微观形貌的变化,讨论了ZnFe2O4与CaCl2的反应机理.认为反应过程包括一个固液反应和气体挥发过程.ZnFe2O4颗粒被熔融CaCl2包裹,在固液界面发生氯化反应,生成的ZnCl2溶解在CaCl2液膜中,并在气液界面挥发逸出,而CaFe2O4的产物层不断增大,同时伴随着多个颗粒间的黏结和融合长大.     

锐钛矿型氧化钛在高钙体系下的反应行为

对锐钛矿型Ti O2在高钙体系下的反应进行了热力学和动力学分析,确定了理论上能发生的反应,计算了活化能和反应级数并判断出反应控制类型.通过实验研究了锐钛矿型Ti O2在Ti O2-Ca O-Na Al O2体系下的反应行为.结果表明,在Ti O2与Ca O物质量的比为1,反应1 h,铝酸钠溶液中Na2O的质量浓度为220 g/L,Na2O与Al2O3物质量的比为3.1的条件下,随着温度的升高,首先Ti O2与Na OH反应生成Na2Ti O3,Ca(OH)2和Na Al(OH)4反应生成3Ca O·Al2O3·6H2O,反应产物3Ca O·Al2O3·6H2O与Na2Ti O3反应最终可以得到稳定的Ca Ti O3.锐钛矿型Ti O2可在220℃以上完全转型为Ca Ti O3,升高温度能促进钛向最终物相Ca Ti O3的转型.     

O(~1D)与CF_2HCl的反应研究

研究了CF2HCl-O3体系在253．7nm紫外光照射下所引发的O（1D）与CF2HCl的反应．O（1D）与CF2HCl的反应最终产物为CF2O、HCl．对O（3P）与CP2HCl的反应可能性、O（1D）与CF2HCl的反应机理、外加气体对反应的影响等方面进行了讨论．     

超临界水中甲醛气化的实验研究

以葡萄糖在超临界水气化制氢中的中间产物甲醛为对象,研究了其在超临界水中的气化过程.结果表明:甲醛气化生成的气体产物主要成分是H2、CO2和CO,液体产物主要成分是CH3OH、CH3OCH2OCH3和CH3OOCH;反应温度、压力、时间以及物料含量对反应产物存在影响,其中压力和物料含量对气化过程影响较大;低压下低温有利于H2生成,高压下高温更有利于H2生成;反应时间长、甲醛初始含量低亦有利于H2的生成.根据气化后的气、液态产物及其含量,确定了甲醛在超临界水中气化转换的路径.     

五水硫代硫酸钠相变蓄热材料的制备

为克服Na2S2O3·5H2O存在的过冷和相分离现象,以CaSO4·2H2O、萘酚等为成核剂,并以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、活性白土和水溶性石蜡为增稠剂对Na2S2O3·5H2O进行改性,通过步冷曲线和DSC分析对改性后的Na2S2O3·5H2O蓄/放热性能进行研究.结果表明:CaSO4·2H2O、萘酚以及萘酚-NaCl对Na2S2O3·5H2O均有明显改性效果;对于Na2S2O3·5H2O-CaSO4·2H2O体系,增稠剂用量相同时,水溶性石蜡及活性白土的增稠效果优于CMC;经CaSO4·2H2O和活性白土体系改性后的Na2S2O3·5H2O最高放热温度在43~48℃之间变化,放热时间最长可达80min以上,且均可在27℃以上完成结晶过程并释放热量;经萘酚-NaCl体系改性后的Na2S2O3·5H2O具有良好的稳定性,经过不同次数吸热/放热循环后的相变温度在41~46℃之间变化,放热时间均可维持在70 min以上;改性后的Na2S2O3·5H2O相变焓在150~180 J/g之间,其蓄/放热过程无相分离现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to